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21. Charles Tilly, ed., The Formation of National States in WesternEurope (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975).

22. R. L. Rothstein,Alliances and Small Power (New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1968).

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24. Richard Rosecrance, The Rise of the Virtual State, ForeignAffairs, vol. 75, no. 4 (July/ August 1996).

25. Peter van Ham, The Rise of the Brand State: The PostmodernPolitics of Image and Reputation, Foreign Affairs

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27. Harold James, The EUs Small Leaders, Project Syndicate (July2005), available at:


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. 3.I. Badran and M. Faris,Encyclopedic Dictionary of Scientists andInventers, The Arabic institute for research and publishing, Beirut

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John-David Yule, Peerage Books, London 1985.

6.The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition, Peter N.

Stearns, general editor, Published by Houghton Mifflin company

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