Alternative EnergyEmily PorcariPatrick BurnsJames O’BrienGrant HemingerMatt KilchenmanErin Brennan

2

Hydropower

3

What is Hydropower? Hydropower is energy that comes from the

force of flowing water. Hydropower is referred to as a renewable

energy source because water on Earth is continuously restored through precipitation.

As long as the water cycle continues we will never run out of Hydropower.

Hydropower currently provides 96% of the United States renewable energy.

4

How does Hydropower Work?

5

Importance Hydropower currently supplies about 10% of the

United States electricity, but it has supplied much more In the 1920’s hydroelectric power supplied near 40

% True importance lies with its ability to respond

quickly in times of need. Hydropower can be started and shutdown instantly

to go for immediate demands

6

Challenges and Barriers Site Specific impacts on local ecosystems and

surrounding committees Environmental and regulatory issues

Timing and development of ways to transport the power Hydropower is often feasible in remote locations Transport is difficult, and in order to do so efficiently

the power must follow the process below

7

Policy

Currently the constraints on hydroelectric development stem from but aren’t limited too these main issues: technical, environmental, financial, and tariff related Some examples of this policy include…

The Hydroreform pointed out these acts as being very influential in hydroelectric power Feed In Tariffs EPAct Green Pricing Programs

8

Hoover Dam

9

Hoover Dam Construction started in 1931 and was

completed in 1936 Built along the Colorado River Designed for power generation,

agricultural purposes, and to prevent flooding

Dam formed Lake Mead which is the largest water reservoir in the United States

10

Hoover Dam (Cont…) Hoover Dam generates about 4 billions kilowatt-

hours of hydroelectric power which is enough to provide for about 1.3 million people in Nevada, Arizona, and California

Was largest hydroelectric installation but still remains one of the countries largest

Provides energy to many people with no associated greenhouse gases and allows Colorado River to be controlled, which helps provide local farmers with a regular supply of water

11

Wind Power

12

Wind Energy Wind Turbines convert wind in to

electricity Use of wind power is growing every year Provide electricity through out the world

13

Wind Energy Statistics World Wind Power Capacity: 190,000

MW U.S. Wind Power Capacity: 43,000 MW States with Utility-Scale wind turbines:

38 Most productive state: Texas 10,000 MW Ohio: 27th with 67 MW

14

windpoweringamerica.gov

15

Wind Energy Policies Tax Credit: 2.2 cents/kilowatt-hour Renewable Electricity Standard

Ohio: 25% by 2025 Transmission Policies

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission passed Order 1000

Siting Policies U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

16

Fowler Ridge Wind Farm

17

Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Located in NW Indiana in Benton County Owned and operated by both BP Alternative

Energy North America and Dominion Resources with each owning a 50% stake in it

Being built in three phases Phase 1- constructed from 2008 to 2009 and can

produce 400 MW of power Phase 2- constructed from 2009-2010 and can

produced 200 MW of power Phase 3- is expected to begin soon and will

produce 150 MW of power

18

Fowler Ridge Wind Farm (Cont…) 460 turbines with a capacity of 600 MW Can power about 200,000 average

American households Along with other projects has led to Indiana

to be ranked as one of the top three fastest growing states in generating wind power by the American Wind Energy Association

Spread over 50,000 acres of land it is one of the largest wind farms in the world

19

Solar Energy

20

Solar Energy Passive Solar Energy Active Thermal Energy Solar PV

21

Passive Solar Energy Simplest form of Solar Heating Used for Centuries South Facing Windows Overhangs on Windows

22

Passive Solar Energy

23

Solar Thermal Systems Power Generation – Trough System,

Heliostat High Heat Produced

Home Water Heating – Evacuated Tubes, Flat-Plate, Non-Glazed Collectors Medium to low heat produced

24

25

26

27

Solar Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Silicon – One large Crystal Polycrystalline Silicon – Thousands of Compressed Crystals Thin Film

28

29

Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS)

30

SEGS Located in California’s Mojave Desert Consists of several solar plants constructed

from 1984 to 1991 Newer plants are more technologically

advanced and cheaper at providing electricity

Designed to supply power during peak demand periods Specifically hot summer afternoons because

power usage is high and so is plant production

31

SEGS (Cont…) Largest solar energy facility in the world with

capacity of 354 MW During peak production it can power 230,000

homes Offsets an estimated 3,800 tons of pollutants that

would have been produced Covers more than 1,500 acres in the desert with

more that 900,000 mirrors that convert the sunlight to energy we can use

Can still work on cloudy days because the plant has a supplementary gas boiler which can heat water the generate electricity through steam

32

Alternative Energy Legislation

33

Beginnings of Alternative Energy Legislation Clean Air Act of 1970

Called for a reduction in mobile pollutants

Alternative Motor Fuels Act Established the use of CAFE Credits

Corporate Average Fuel Economy Aimed to improve average fuel economy of

cars and light vehicles.

34

Energy Policy Act 1992 Energy Policy Act 1992

Imposed regulations and requirements for state, federal and alternative fuel providers to develop more energy efficient vehicles

Amended several times over the years Also included provisions on wind, biomass,

geothermal , hydropower energy. Energy Policy Act of 2005

Expanded focus on the development and growth of the alternative fuel sector

Focused on developing an infrastructure

35

Extensions Incentive programs for alternative

energy have continually been extended from the Energy Policy Act of 1992.

Extensions on alternative energy, in particular wind production tax incentives, are currently being considered by the Ways and Means Committee (2016)

36

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and 2008

Aimed to increase alternative energy sources and raise CAFE standards

Provides tax credits and exemptions for alternative energy and more efficient technologies.

37

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Allocated $800 billion for investment

and development of alternative energies Intended to move the U.S. towards

energy independence. $2.5 million designated for research,

development, and implementation of energy efficiency and renewable energies.

38

State Level Initiatives E.X. SREC Trade

Solar Renewable Energy Certificates Creates an incentive to purchase solar energy Requires providers to purchase a certain

amount of their energy from solar generators SREC Markets

Ohio market In-state, out of state systems 50% of SRECs must be generated from in-

state sources

39

srectrade.com

40

Future of Alternative Energies

41

Goals and concerns for the future Security of supply: make sure enough

energy is available Limit carbon emissions to slow global

warming High energy prices could affect

economic development

Source: http://sapiens.revues.org

42

Advances in alternative energy Photovoltaic systems are increasing in

cost-effectiveness with “thin film” technology

Geo-exchange systems (ground source heat pumps) can save on home heating costs

DOE renewable energy lab created a website with a nationwide list of alternative vehicle fueling stations

Source: www.nrel.gov

43

New energy technologies? Combining 2 energy sources Solar-electric watercraft Airborne wind farms

Source: www.alternative-energy-news.info

44

Other possible technologies Algae as biofuel Solar wind power Robots to clean up oil spills

Source: www.alternative-energy-news.info

45

100% of energy could be renewable Some scientists believe 100% of energy on

earth could be renewable by 2030 Wind and solar energy that is available is

much more than energy consumed 3.8 million wind turbines, 90,000 solar

plants, more geothermal and tidal energy Cost of power would be less than for fossil

fuels and nuclear power Lack of political will is a major obstacle Source: www.scientificamerican.com

46

Sources "Powering the Plains: Energy Transition Road Map." Great Plains Institute. Bush Foundation,

n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. <http://gpisd.net/vertical/Sites/%7B1510F0B9-E3E3-419B-AE3B-582B8097D492%7D/uploads/%7BEE509178-B6AE-4614-BBA4-D7600B66683A%7D.PDF>.

"Hydroelectric Power and Water. Basic Information about Hydroelectricity, USGS Water Science for Schools." USGS Georgia Water Science Center - Home Page. Ed. Howard Perlman. United States Government, 8 Feb. 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. <http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.html>.

"Hydroelectric Power: How It Works, USGS Water Science for Schools." USGS Georgia Water Science Center - Home Page. Ed. Howard Perlman. 8 Feb. 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. <http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html>.

"Hydroelectric Power." Bureau of Reclamation. U.S. Department of the Interior, July 2005. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. <http://www.usbr.gov/power/edu/pamphlet.pdf>.

Konigsberg, Jan. "POTENTIAL EFFECT OF FEED-IN TARIFF ON HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATE." Hydropower Reform Coalition. Drupal, Dec. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. <http://www.hydroreform.org/>.

Hydropower Reform Coalition. Drupal, Dec. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. <http://www.hydroreform.org/>.

"THE HISTORY of HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES."Bureau of Reclamation. US Department of the Interior, 8 Dec. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. <http://www.usbr.gov/power/edu/history.html>.