Slide 2 Slide 3
alliterationallusionantithesisapostropheassonanceconsonancedetailsdiction
figures of speech
flashbackforeshadowinghyperboleimagerymetaphormoodirony
motivationnarrationonomatopoeiaoxymoronparadoxpersonificationplotpoint
of view prosodyprotagonistpunrepetitionrhymesarcasmsettingshift or
turn similesound
devicesstructurestylesuspensesymbolsynecdochesyntax
themetoneunderstatementwebsitesheader pageplagiarismYahoo!north
penn Slide 4 alliteration The twisting trout twinkled below. is the
practice of beginning several consecutive or neighboring words with
the same sound. Table Example in Context Slide 5 allusion Tired of
trying to explain the creature to his students, Mr. Swindells
assumes the necessary guise to enter its habitat and convinces it
to pose for a photograph. is a reference to a mythological,
literary, or historical person, place or thing: e.g., He met his
Waterloo. Table Example in Context Click here for a good site on
allusion Slide 6 antithesis for richer or poorer Sink or swim is a
direct juxtaposition of structurally parallel words, phrases, or
clauses for the purpose of contrast: e.g., sink or swim. Anthonys
nuptial antithesis Table Example in Context Slide 7 . Oh, period
Thou shouldst be living! apostrophe Table of contents Example in
Context Slide 8 the repetition of accented vowel sounds in a series
of words the repetition of a consonant sound within a series of
words to produce a harmonious effect And each low u k a rawing- own
of blind Table of contents Cr b the hills de Example in Context
Slide 9 details Table of contents The facts revealed by the author
or speaker that support the attitude or tone in a piece of poetry
or prose. Example in Context Slide 10 Diction is word choice
intended to convey a certain effect. Table of contents Example in
Context Slide 11 figures of speech Table of contents Words or
phrases that describe one thing in terms of something else. They
always involve some sort of imaginative comparison between
seemingly unlike things. Not meant to be taken literally,
figurative language is used to produce images in a readers mind and
to express ideas in fresh, vivid and imaginative ways. The most
common examples of figurative language, or figures of speech, used
both in poetry and prose, are simile, metaphor and
personification.similemetaphorpersonification Example in Context
Slide 12 Table of contents Example in Context Slide 13 Table of
contents Some said that the order in which they walked was to
foreshadow the order of their deaths Example in Context Slide 14
hyperbole Table of contents A deliberate, extravagant, and often
outrageous exaggeration: Example in Context Slide 15 Imagery Table
The words or phrases a writer uses to represent persons, objects,
actions, feelings, and ideas descriptively appealing to the senses.
Example in Context Slide 16 Irony Table of contents Situational
irony: when a situation turns out differently from what one would
expect though often the twist is oddly appropriate: e.g., a deep
sea diver drowning in a bathtub. Verbal irony: when a person says
one thing, but means the exact opposite: e.g., It is easy to stop
smoking. Ive done it many times. Dramatic irony: when a character
or speaker says or does something that has different meanings from
what he or she thinks it has, though the audience and other
characters understand the full implications of the speech or
action: e.g., Romeo kills himself believing Juliet has died, while
the audience knows Juliet is still alive. Isnt it ironic, dont you
think? Example in Context Slide 17 Metaphor Table of contents A
COMPARISON OF TWO UNLIKE THINGS NOT USING LIKE OR AS. Table of
contents TIME IS MONEY. Example in Context Example 2 in Context
Slide 18 Mood Table of contents The atmosphere or predominant
emotion in a literary work. Obvious Example Less Obvious Example
Slide 19 Motivation Table of contents A circumstance or set of
circumstances that prompts a character to act in a certain way or
that determines the outcome of a situation or work. Example in
Context Slide 20 Table of contents narration Example in Context
Slide 21 Onomatopoeia Table of contents (imitative harmony) The use
of words that mimic the sounds they describe: e.g., hiss, buzz, and
bang. When onomatopoeia is used on an extended scale in a poem, it
is called imitative harmony. Example in Context Slide 22 OXYMORON
Table of contents A form of paradox that combines a pair of
opposite terms into a single unusual expression. Example in Context
Slide 23 PARADOX Table of contents Ah, yes everything is going
according to my plans Paradox occurs when the elements of a
statement contradict each other. Although the statement may appear
illogical, impossible, or absurd, it turns out to have a coherent
meaning that reveals a hidden truth: e.g., Much madness is divinest
sense. Example in Context Slide 24 Table of contents
Personification Example in Context Slide 25 PLOT Table of contents
THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OR ACTIONS IN A SHORT STORY, NOVEL, PLAY, OR
NARRATIVE POEM. Example in Context Slide 26 Point of view Table of
contents The perspective from which a story is told. Example in
Context Slide 27 PROSODY Table of contents The study of sound and
rhythm. Example in Context Slide 28 protagonist Table of contents
Fortunately, not only could our PROTAGONIST fly he was also A PRO
diver! HELP ME !!! Can our protagonist save the day!?!? Example in
Context Slide 29 Table of contents What is a pun? The following
information is from the Pun FAQtory. In Italian, 'puntiglio' means
"a fine point," hence a verbal quibble, and is most likely the
source of the English "punctilious. A pun is defined by Webster as
"the humorous use of a word, or of words which are formed or
sounded alike but have different meanings, in such a way as to play
on two or more of the possible applications; a play on words." Why
do people groan when a pun is told? A pun is often considered
obvious humor, since the person relating it is merely balancing the
humor in it on a twist of a word's meaning or sound. Children love
this type of obvious humor and can laugh at it without
reproachments. Adults, on the other hand, are more likely to have a
twinge of envy, and "why didn't I think of that?". It is this envy
in adults that subconciously causes them to groan upon hearing a
pun. As time goes on, it can only be hoped that we adults will
eventually learn to react more like a child and less like a
groan-up! There are different types of puns. Homographic puns make
use of multiple meanings from a single spelling (e.g., "pen" for
writing instrument or animal enclosure). These are also referred to
as "antanaclasis". Homophonic puns use like sounds but with
different spellings and meanings. This is also referred to as
polyptoton. Examples of homophones are scent and sent, jeans and
genes, waive and wave, and buy and bye. Slide 2Pun FAQtory Slide 2
Example in Context Slide 30 Repetition Table of contents The
deliberate use of any element of language more than once. This can
be repetition in sound, word, phrase, sentence, grammatical
pattern, or rhythmical pattern. Example in Context Slide 31 Table
of contents Types of Rhyme: true rhyme or perfect rhyme late-fate;
hollow-follow Masculine rhyme: a single stressed syllable
still-hill Feminine rhyme (also double rhyme): a stressed syllable
followed by an unstressed syllable ending-bending eye rhyme:
appears the same, but does not sound the same prove-love; come-
doom imperfect rhyme, partial rhyme, near rhyme, slant rhyme
loads-lids-lads, groaned-crooned Example in Context Slide 32 Table
of contents The use of verbal irony in which a person appears to be
praising something but is actually insulting it: e.g., As I fell
down the stairs headfirst, I heard her say, Look at that
coordination! Example in Context Slide 33 Table of contents in
which events in a short story, novel, play or narrative poem take
place. Example in Context Slide 34 Table of contents Example in
Context Slide 35 Table of contents A comparison of two different
things or ideas through the use of the words like or as. A
definitely stated comparison where the poet says one thing is like
another. For example Example in Context Slide 36 Table of contents
Stylistic techniques that convey meaning through sound. Some
examples of sound device are Two words having the same sound.
Repetition of similar vowel sounds. Repetition of similar consonant
sounds. Words beginning with the same consonant sound. Words that
sound like their meaning. Example in Context Slide 37 Structure
Table of contents The framework or organization of a literary
selection. The structure of fiction is usually determined by plot
and by chapter division; the structure of drama depends upon its
division into acts and scenes; the structure of an essay depends
upon the organization of ideas; the structure of poetry is
determined by its rhyme scheme and stanzaic form. Example in
Context Slide 38 Style Table of contents It was quite obvious they
had no style. Example in Context Slide 39 Suspense is the quality
of a short story, novel, play, narrative poem or movie that makes
the reader or audience uncertain or tense about the outcome of
events. Table of contents Dont press this button! SUSPENSE Example
in Context Slide 40 Table of contents Symbol Any object, person,
place, or action that has both a meaning in itself and that stands
for something larger than itself, such as a quality, attitude,
belief, or value: e.g., the land turtle in Steinbecks The Grapes of
Wrath suggests or reflects the toughness and resilience of the
migrant workers. Example in Context Slide 41 Synecdoche (metonymy)
Synecdoche is a form of metaphor where part of something is used to
signify the whole: e.g., All hands on deck. The reverse, whereby
the whole can represent a part, is also synecdoche: e.g., Canada
played the United States in the Olympic hockey finals Another form
of synecdoche is when the container represents the thing being
contained: e.g., The pot is boiling. In one last form of
synecdoche, the material from which an object is made stands for
the object itself: e.g., The quarterback tossed the pigskin. In
metonymy, the name of one thing is applied to another thing with
which it is closely associated: e.g., I love Shakespeare. Table of
contents Example in Context Slide 42 Syntax Table of contents
Example in Context Slide 43 Table of contents It is not the same as
subject, which can be expressed in a word or two: courage,
survival, war, pride, etc. The theme is the idea the author wishes
to convey about that subject. It is expressed as a sentence or
general statement about life or human nature. The central message
of a literary work. A literary work can have more than one theme,
and most themes are not directly stated, but are implied. The
reader must think about all the elements of the work and use them
to make inferences, or reasonable guesses, as to which themes seem
to be implied. Theme Example in Context Slide 44 Eat my shorts,
man! Tone is the writers or speakers attitude toward a subject,
character, or audience, and it is conveyed through the authors
choice of words and detail. Tone can be serious, humorous,
sarcastic, indignant, objective, etc. Table of contents Example in
Context Slide 45 Table of contents The opposite of hyperbole. A
kind of irony that deliberately represents something as being much
less than it really is: e.g., I could probably manage to survive on
a salary of two million dollars per year. Example in Context Slide
46 Table of contents
