UthICAARe CIRAGQuebec 2.OOO

Alkali-AggregateReaction in Concrete

Proceedings

11th International Conference

Quebec City, QC, Canada, June 2000

Edited by

M.A. BerubeB. FournierB. Durand

UNIVERS1TATSB1BLIOT HEK !HANNOVER |

TECHNISCHEINFORMATIONSBIBUOTHEV^

Table of ContentsTable des matieres

Preface iii

Prdface v

Conference Organization / Organisation de la conference vii

Sponsors / Partenaires viii

Authors Index I Index des auteurs ix

Table of Contents/ Table des matieres xiii

Mechanisms of Alkali-Aggregate ReactionsMecanismes des reactions alcalis-granulats

Effects of Alkali-Silica and Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction on Aggregate-Mortar Bond

Batic, O.R., Milanesi, C.A., Sota, J.D 1

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction : A Method to Quantify the Reaction DegreeBulteel, D., Garcia-Diaz, E., Siwak, J.M., Vernet, C , Zanni, H 11

Some Fundamental Aspects of Alkali-Silica ReactionChatterji, S., Thaulow, N 21

Chemistry and Other Characteristics of ASR GelsDiamond, S 31

Expansion Due to Alkali-Carbonate Reaction: Laboratory Prognosis VersusField Experience

Grattan-Bellew, P.E., Rogers, C.A 41

Examination of the Effect of LiCl on ASR Gel ExpansionKurtis, K.E., Monteiro, P.J.M., Meyer-Isle, W 51

The Role of Water in Alkali-Silica ReactionLarive, C , Laplaud, A., Coussy, 0 61

Flint ReactivityMichel, B., Gnagne, G, Thiebaut, J., Wackenheim, C , Maurin, B 71

Experimental Evaluation of Composition and Volume Variability of Ca-Si Gels -First Products of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)

Perruchot, A., Massard, P., Lombardi, J 81

Similarity Between Alkali-Aggregate Reaction and the Natural Alteration of RocksPrince, W., Castanier, G., Giafferi, J.L 89

Novel Techniques in a Study of the Mechanism of Dedolomitisation inAlkali-Carbonate Reaction

Radonjic, M., Allen, G., Ragnarsdottir, V., Livesey, P 99

Comparison Between Alkali-Silica Reaction and Alkali-Carbonate ReactionTang, M., Deng, M., Xu, Z 109

Some Experiences in Chemical Modelling of the Alkali-Silica ReactionWieker, W., Hubert, C , Heidemann, D., Ebert, R 119

A New Accelerated Method for Determining the Potential Alkali- CarbonateReactivity

Xu, Z., Lan, X., Deng, M., Tang, M 129

Factors Affecting ReactivityFacteurs influengant la re'activite

Distribution of Alkalies in Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-SilicaReactivity and Contribution by Aggregates

Berube, M.A., Dorion, J.F., Rivest, M 139

Laboratory and Field Investigations of the Influence of Sodium Chloride onAlkali-Silica Reactivity

Berube, M.A., Dorion, J.F., Vezina, D 149

Measurement of the Alkali Content of Concrete Using Hot Water ExtractionBerube, M.A., Frenette, J., Rivest, M., Vezina, D 159

A Note about Alkali Contribution from Aggregates in Concrete Affected by ASRDurand, B 169

Alkali Release from Basalts and Alkalinity of Pore Solution in MortarGoguel, R., Milestone, N.B 179

Alkali Levels Required to Induce Cracking Due to ASR in UK ConcretesHobbs,D.W 189

ASR Gel Composition, Secondary Ettringite Formation and Expansion inMortars Immersed in NaCl Solution

Kawamura, M., Arano, N., Katafuta, K 199

Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete Related to Alkali Diffusion Through theCement Pore Network

Poole, A.B., Mole, C.F., Schrapel, K.N 209

Hydration Products in the Interfacial Transition Zone Under the Ingressof NaCl and their Effects on ASR

Saito, M., Kawamura, M., Tanaka, S 219

Combined Effects of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR) and Cathodic ProtectionCurrents in Reinforced Concrete

Shayan,A 229

Testing for Potential Alkali-Reactivity of AggregatesEssais d'evaluation du potentiel de re'activite alcaline des granulats

Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Some Italian Opal and Flints Tested Using aModified Mortar Bar Test

Barisone, G., Restivo, G 239

Testing of Australian Concrete Mixtures for Alkali-Silica Reaction Potentialand Calibration with Field Performance of Structures

Carse.A 247

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Assessment in KansasClowers, K.A., Abou-Zeid, M.N 257

Evaluation of The Potential Alkali-Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates:Performance of Testing Methods and A Producer's Point of View

De Grosbois, M., Fontaine, E 267

Performance of the 60°C - Accelerated Concrete Prism Test for the Evaluationof Potential Alkali-Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates

De Grosbois, M., Fontaine, E 277

Laboratory Investigations for Evaluating Potential Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregatesand Selecting Preventive Measures Against Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR) -What Do They Really Mean ?

Fournier, B., Berube, M.A., Frenette, J 287

Determination of the Reactivity and the Amorphous Component for OpalSandstones by the Rietveld Method

Franke, L., Eickemeier, K., Bosold, D 297

ASTM C1260 and the Alkali Reactivity of New Zealand GreywackesFreitag, S.A., St John, D.A., Goguel, R 305

The Petrographic Diagnosis of Potentially Deleterious AggregatesFrench, W. J., Howarth, R.J 315

California's Experience with Reactive AggregatesGlauz, D., Jain, V 325

Study on Tournai Limestone in Antoing Cimescaut Quarry. Petrological,Chemical and Alkali Reactivity Approach

Guedon-Dubied, J.S., Cadoret, G., Durieux, V., Martineau, F.,Fasseu, P., Overbecke, V.V 335

Influence of Different Procedures on Accelerated Mortar Bar and ConcretePrism Tests: Assessment of Seven Norwegian Alkali-Reactive Aggregates

Jensen, V., Fournier, B 345

A Kinetic-Based Method for Interpreting Accelerated Mortar Bar Test(ASTM C 1260) Data

Johnston, D.P., Fournier, B 355

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in the Vicinity of Izmir, Western TurkeyKatayama, T 365

ASR Expansion Characteristics of Mortar Bars Immersed in NaOH Solution byAutoclave Method

Kuroda, T., Inoue, S., Yoshino, A., Nishibayashi, S 375

Alkali-Silica Reactivity in Virginia, USA: Occurences and Reactive AggregatesLane,D. S 385

Testing Aggregates for Alkali Aggregate Reactions in Hong KongLeung, W.C., Shen, J.M., Lau, W.C., Chan, C.Y 395

A Review of the Norwegian Experience with the Correlation between ResultsObtained by Use of Petrographic Analysis and the Accelerated Mortar Bar Test

Lindgard, J., Haugen, M 405

A Sedimentological Approach to Predict the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivityof Limestones

Lorenzi, G., Poty, E., Jensen, V., Antenucci, D 415

Comparison of Different Expansion Tests to Assess Reactivity of ConcreteAggregates

Mullick, A.K., Wason, R.C 425

Universally Accepted Testing Procedures for AAR - The Progress of RILEMTechnical Committee 106

Nixon, P. J., Sims, 1 435

AAR Diagnosting with Electrochemical MethodsPoteras, G 445

A Lab Study on Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Quartzites Used in ConcretePavements of Minnesota

Rangaraju, P.R 453

AAR in Southern British Columbia and Western WashingtonShrimer, F.H., Jones, D.M 463

Control of Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity, Pointe Seraphine Berth Improvements,St. Lucia

Shrimer, F.H., Ooi, O.S., Gerry, W.J 473

Effect of Cement and Added NaOH on Measured Expansions in ASTM C 1260Tests

Simon, M.J., Wathne, L.G 483

Practical Petrography - The Modern Assessment of Aggregates for AAR PotentialSims, I., Smart, S., Hunt, B 493

The New Brunswick Department of Transportation's Experience with Alkali-SilicaReaction (ASR)

Strang.F 503

Alkali-Silica Reaction in Portland Cement Concrete - Testing Procedures andMitigation Methods

Touma, W.E., Suh, C , Fowler, D.W., Carrasquillo, R.L., Folliard, K.J 513

"NORMIN 2000" - A Norwegian AAR Research ProgramWigum,B.J 523

Alkali Aggregate Reactivity of Norwegian Aggregates Assessed by QuantitativePetrography

Wigum, B.J., Hagelia, P., Haugen, M., Broekmans, M.A.T.M 533

Comparison of Field Performance with Laboratory Testing: How Safe andEconomic are Current AAR Specifications?

Wood, J.G.M 543

Preventive Measures Against Alkali-Aggregate ReactionMesures preventives contre la reaction alcalis-granulats

Comparative Consideration on the Mechanisms of ASR Suppression Due toDifferent Mineral Admixtures

Arano, N., Kawamura, M 553

Application of Accelerated Mortar Bar Tests to New Mexico AggregatesBarringer, W.L 563

A Lithium-Based Pozzolan for ASR ControlBaxter, S.Z., Stokes, D.B., Manissero, C.E 573

The Efficacy of Ternary Cementitious Systems for Controlling Expansion Dueto Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete

Bleszynski, R., Thomas, M.D.A., Hooton, R.D 583

Addition of Lightweight Aggregate Reduces Expansion in Concrete Containinga Highly Reactive Normal Weight Aggregate

Boyd, S., Bremner, T.W., Holm, T.A 593

Evaluation of Different Measures to Reduce the Risk of Alkali-Silica Reaction inRecycled Aggregate Concrete

Desmyter, J., Blockmans, S 603

Long Term Effectiveness of Supplementary Cementing Materials Against ASRDuchesne, J., Berube, M.A 613

More Results About the Use of Lithium Salts and Mineral Admixtures to InhibitASR in Concrete

Durand,B 623

Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standard Practice to Evaluate PotentialAlkali-Reactivity of Aggregates and to Select Preventive Measures AgainstAlkali-Aggregate Reaction in New Concrete Structures

Fournier, B., Berube, M.A., Rogers, C.A 633

Effect of Silica Fume Properties on Mitigation of ASR Reactivity in ConcreteGudmundsson, G., Halfdanarson, J., Moller, J 643

Alkali Aggregate Reactivity - Towards Standard Test MethodsGuirguis, S., Clarke, P 653

Ground Waste Glass as an Alkali-Silica Reactivity InhibitorHudec, P.P., Ghamari, R.C 663

Expanding Characteristics of Mortar with Glass Powder Produced from WasteBottles

Kojima, T., Takagi, N., Haruta, K 673

Verification of Suppression of AAR by a Metal Carrying Complex CompoundKuramoto, Y., Matsuda, Y., Nakamura, Y., Irie, M 683

Preventive Measures for Alkali-Silica Reactions Used in Virginia, USALane,D.S 693

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Slag and Fly Ash in Preventing ExpansionDue to AAR in Taiwan

Lee, C , Shieh, W.K., Lou, I.J., Sheu, S.W 703

Innocuous Behavior of Alkalies Derived from Pulverized Calcined Shale -A Natural Pozzolan

Neal, R.E., Thomas, M.D.A., Shashiprakash, S 713

New UK Guidance and Specifications to Minimise Risk of Damage to Concretefrom ASR

Nixon, P. J., Blackwell, B.Q 723

Evaluation of Alkali-Aggregate Reactions with the Effect of Silica Fume onSeveral Aggregates to be Used in the Construction of Dams in Iran

Ramezanianpour, A.A., Parhizkar, T., Mozafari, N., Ghassemi, A.M.R 733

Outdoor Exposure for Validating the Effectiveness of Preventive Measures forAlkali-Silica Reaction

Rogers, C.A., Lane, B., Hooton, R.D 743

The Effects of Silica Fume and Fly Ash Hydration Products on the Chemistryof the Pore Solution and Portlandite Consumption

Shehata, M.H., Thomas, M.D.A 753

Investigation into the Effects of Metakaolin as a Cement Replacement Materialin ASR Reactive Concrete

Sibbick, R.G., Nixon, P. J 763

Portland Cement Manufacture Containing Lithium for ASR ControlStokes, D.B., Manissero, C.E., Roy, D.M., Malek, R.I., Roumain, J.C 773

Use of Lithium-Containing Compounds to Control Expansion in Concrete Due toAlkali-Silica Reaction

Thomas, M.D.A., Hooper, R., Stokes, D.B 783

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Natural Zeolite in Preventing Expansion Due toASR by Accelerated Test

Tingyu, H., Naiqian, F 793

Chemical Assessment Method for the Preventive Effect of Fly Ash on Alkali-SilicaReaction

Yamamoto, T., Kazanu, T 801

Diagnosis / Prognosis of Alkali-Aggregate ReactionDiagnose etprognose de la reaction alcalis-granulats

Quantification of the Process of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction by Microstrucruraland Physico-chemical Approaches

Amiet, H., Hasni, L 811

Laboratory Assessment of the Potential Rate of ASR Expansion of Field ConcreteBerube, M.A., Frenette, J., Pedneault, A., Rivest, M 821

A Case Study of Alkali-Silica Reaction in High-density ConcreteEscadeillas, G., Carles Gibergues, A., Massias, E 831

Case Study of Alkali-Silica Reaction Due to Silica Fume Pellets in a Mortar RepairEscadeillas, G., Massias, E., Carles-Gibergues, A 841

In-situ Measurement of Relative Humidity and Expansion of Cracks inStructures Damaged by AAR

Jensen, V 849

Evaluation of the Degree of Deterioration in AAR Damaged Concretes andAnalysis of their Pore Solutions

Kagimoto, H., Sato, M., Kawamura, M 859

Field AAR Inspection for the Four Harbors in TaiwanLee, C , Sheu, S.W., Chen, K.C., Ko, J.L., Rau, C.C. 869

Re-Occuring Damage to Hollow RC Columns Caused by ASR in the HardenedGrout Mixture Used In Previous Repair Works

Mladenovic, A., Suput, J. S., Capuder, F 879

Quantitative Assessment of Concrete Damage Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction(ASR) by Petrographic Analysis

Rivard, P., Fournier, B., Ballivy, G 889

Application and Use of Damage Rating Index in Assessment of AAR-AffectedConcrete - Selected Case Studies

Shrimer,F.H 899

Structural Effects of Alkali-Aggregate ReactionEffets structuraux de la reaction alcalis-granulats

The Behaviour of Alkali-Silica Reactive Concrete Under High Point Load andUnder Cycling Loading

Ahmed, T., Burley, E., Rigden, S., Abu-Tair, A., Lavery, D 909

Influence of Reinforcement Steel on the Expansion of Concrete Affected byAlkali-Aggregate Reaction

Ballivy, G., Khayat, K., Gravel, C , Houle, D 919

Anisotropic Modelling of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in ConcreteCapra, B., Sellier, A., Bourdarot, E 929

Forecasting Potential Further AAR Swelling in Concrete Structures: Modelingand Reliability Study

Francy, O., Prene, S., Sellier, A., Capra, B 939

Comparison of Damaging Criteria for Testing Aggregates by AutoclavingTreatment

Gallias.J.L 949

Expansion of AAR Concrete under Triaxial Stresses - Simulation withInstrumented Concrete Block

Gravel, C , Ballivy, G., Khayat, K., Quirion, M., Lachemi, M 959

Heterogeneity and Anisotropy in ASR-Affected Concrete - Consequences forStructural Assessment

Larive, C , Joly, M., Coussy, 0 969

Structural Effects of ASR in France on Real and Laboratory StructuresLarive, C , Toutlemonde, F., Joly, M., Laplaud, A., Derkx, F., Merliot, E.,Multon, S., Bourdarot, E., Prene, S., Jeanpierre, A 979

Chemoelastic Modelling of Alkali-Silica Reaction in ConcreteLi, K., Ulm, F.J., Coussy, O., Larive, C, Fan, L 989

Structural Effects of the Alkali-Silica Reaction on Non-Loaded and LoadedReinforced Concrete Beams

Monette, L.J., Gardner, N.J., Grattan-Bellew, P.E 999

Alkali-Aggregate Reactions, Strengthening or Total Collapse ? The DifferentEffects of AAR on Concrete Structures

Neilsen,A 1009

Mechanical Behaviour of AAR-Damaged R.C. MembersPantazopoulou, S.J., Thomas, M.D.A 1019

Low Tensile Strength in Older Concrete Structures with Alkali-Silica ReactionSiemes, T., Visser, J 1029

Damage Mechanics Model for AAR Affected ConcreteWen, H.X., Wang, Y.Q., Balendran, R.V 1039

Repair - Remedial MeasuresMitigation et reparation

Long-Term Monitoring Results of Concrete Electrical Tower FoundationsAffected by ASR and Repaired with Different Products and Repair Methods

Durand,B 1049

Programme for the Treatment and Replacement of ASR Affected ConcreteSleepers in the Sishen-Saldanha Railway Line

Grabe, P.J., Oberholster, R.E 1059

Long Term Effect of Silane Treatments on Expansion Due to Alkali-SilicaReaction by Water Control

Kubo, Y., Hattori, A., Kurihara, S., Miyagawa, T 1069

Development of a Lithium-Based Material for Decreasing ASR-InducedExpansion in Hardened Concrete

Stokes, D.B., Thomas, M-D.A., Shashiprakash, S.G 1079

Use of an Applied Electric Field to Drive Lithium Ions into Alkali-SilicaReactive Structures

Whitmore, D., Abbott, S 1089

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Highway StructuresLa reaction alcalis-granulats dans les

structures routieres et les chaussees

Diagnosis, Treatment and Monitoring of a Bridge Damaged by AARBaillemont, G., Delaby, J.B., Brouxel, M., Remy, P 1099

Properties of AAR-Affected Concrete Studied Over 20 YearsBlight, G.E., Ballim, Y 1109

The Asset Management of Alkali-Silica Reaction in the Queensland Road BridgeNetwork - An Owner's Viewpoint

Carse,A 1119

Shear Resistance of Flat Slab Bridges Affected by ASRDen Uijl, J.A., Kaptijn, N., Walraven, J.C. 1129

Accelerated ASR Testing of Concrete Prisms Incorporating Recycled ConcreteAggregate

Gress, D.L., Kozikowski, R.L 1139

A Case Study of a Lithium-Based Treatment on an ASR-Affected PavementJohnston, D.P., Surdahl, R., Stokes, D.B 1149

Maintenance of Highway Structures Affected by AARKojima, T., Hayashi, H., Kawamura, M., Kuzume, K 1159

Long-Term Behavior of AAR Bridge Pier and the Internal DeteriorationOno. K., Taguchi, M 1167

Severe Pavement Damage Caused by Alkali-Silica Reaction in Limestone CoarseAggregate Containing Very Fine Quartz Particles

Ozol, M.A 1175

Rehabilitation of a Major 38 Year Old Structure Characterized by SevereAlkali-Aggregate Reactivity

Ryell, J., Mlynarczyk, R., Falcioni, R 1185

Evaluation of the Institution of Structural Engineers' Procedure onConcrete Structures with Alkali-Silica Reaction in the Netherlands

Siemes, A.J.M., Bakker, J.D 1195

Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-Silica ReactionSiemes, T., Gulikers, J 1205

Field Installation in Pennsylvania to Assess SHRP Recommendations for ASRControl: Part 2 - Laboratory Testing of Job Material

Thomson, M.C 1215

Strenghtening Method for ASR Affected Concrete Piers Using PrestressingSteel Wire

Torii, K., Kumagai, Y., Okuda, Y., Ishii, K., Sato, K 1225

Identification, Testing and Mitigation of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in ConcretePavements

Whiting, N., Rettner, D., Schwartz, D 1235

Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Hydraulic Plants and DamsLa reaction alcalis-granulats dans lesbarrages et les centrales hydrauliques

AAR Dams Affected in Brazil - Report on the Current SituationAndriolo,F.R 1243

Rehabilitation of a Generating Unit Affected by Alkali-Aggregate ReactionCavalcanti, A.J.C.T., Campos, A.T., Silveira, E.M.M., Wanderley, E.G 1253

AAR Management at Paulo Afonso IV Power Plant - BrazilCavalcanti, A.J.C.T., Silveira, J.F.A., Degaspare, J.C 1263

A Review and Analysis of AAR-Effects in Arch DamsCurtis, D.D 1273

Analysis and Structure Response to Recent Slot Cutting at MactaquacGenerating Station

Curtis, D.D 1283

The St. Lawrence Seaway (Quebec, Canada): A Case Study in theManagement of Structures Affected by Alkali-Aggregate Reaction

Gaudreault,M 1293

Assessment of the Effects of Slot-Cutting in Concrete Dams Affected byAlkali-Aggregate Reaction

Gocevski, V., Pietruszczak, S 1303

An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Blast Furnace Slag in Counteractingthe Effects of Alkali-Silica Reaction

Hooton, R.D., Donnelly, C.R., Clarida, B., Rogers, C.A 1313

Management of a Water Intake Affected by Alkali-Aggregate ReactionKuperman, S.C., Dal Fabbro, J.C, Cifu, S., Kako, H., Tavares, F.,Ferreira, W.V.F., Werneck, A.C.A., Sardinha, V.L.A 1323

Trials to Determine the End of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Expansions in aConcrete Intake

Kuperman, S.C., Vieira, S.R.S.S., Ferreira, W.V.F 1333

Performance of an Alkali-Aggregate Affected Power Dam, Upper Lake FallsDam - Plant #1, Mersey River, Nova Scotia

Langley, W.S., Brown, E., Chen, C.T., Balinski, J 1343

Assessment and Monitoring of Pointe du Bois G.S. PowerhouseMacMillan, D., McPhail, G 1353

Management of Structures of PETI Dam Affected by AARMagalhaes, R.A., Carim, A.L.C., Costa, A.M., Moura, C.N., Shaat, M 1363

The Identification of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction at the Gardiner Dam, OutlookSaskatchewan

Roy, S.T.R 1373

Diagnosis of AAR in Canning Dam, Characterization of the Affected Concreteand Rehabilitation of the Structure

Shayan, A., Wark, R.E., Moulds, A 1383

Diagnosis of the Cause of the Progressive Concrete Swelling at the PauloAfonso I, II, and III Underground Power Stations

Silveira, J.F.A., Degaspare, J.C, Cavalcanti, A.J.C.T 1393

Subject Index I Index des sujets 1403