Algorithm for Inventive Problem SolvingARIZ85C_structure_example_WEB_02... · problem statement to elegant and innovative ... "thermal field and shape memory alloy", ... formulate

ARIZ-85C

Algorithm for Inventive

Problem SolvingStructure

TRIZ Solutions LLC copyright © all rights reserved

� ARIZ is a Russian acronym for "The Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving” – “Алгоритм Решения Изобретательских Задач”.

� ARIZ-85C, the primary part of TRIZ, is a set of sequential, logical procedures for analyzing the initial problem situation in order to create the most effective solutions using fundamental concepts and methods of TRIZ.

� The author of ARIZ is Genrich Altshuller. The first version of ARIZ was developed in 1956.

� The name ARIZ was first introduced in the autumn of 1965. Subsequent modifications to ARIZ are named: ARIZ-68, ARIZ-71, ARIZ-77, ARIZ-82 ... and the last modification of ARIZ, ARIZ-85C.


Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ-85C)


Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ-85C)

ARIZ-85C performs three major functions:

1. answers the question of how to use the individual TRIZ components in an orchestrated manner to achieve the best possible solutions to a problem. ARIZ-85C performs TRIZ management duties and indicates after which step of problem analysis we are ready to use the appropriate parts of TRIZ.

2. functions as an analytical algorithm for the human brain (not an algorithm for computers) that gently guides us from our initial problem statement to elegant and innovative solutions.

3. makes us more creative, innovative, and helps us to avoid the influence of Psychological Inertia – our main enemy.


Part 5application of information

fund

Part 2Existing

ResourceAnalysis

Result:list of time, space,

substance and field resources

Part 3determination

of Ideal Final Result and Physical Contradiction

Result:direction for

the potentially best answers

Part 4utilization

and applicationof modified time, space, substance

and field resourcesResult:

transition from a problem to

an answer based on modified

substance, and field resources

imperfect solution

Part 9analysis of solution

procedure toincrease the creative potential of humanity

new common principle for similar problem situations

good solution

Part 8application of the problem solution to

maximize use of the applied resources

information for TRIZ development

Systemof Standard Solutions

Inventive Principles

Part 1Initial Situation

AnalysisCreation of the mini-problem

Result:statement (model)

of the problem

Problem

System of Standard Solutions

Part 7analyze

the quality of the problem

solution

problem hasbeen solved

no answer

orimperfect solution

Part 6

change or replace the

problem

Scientific Effectsand Patents

Scientific Effects, Patents

Separation Principles

Systemof Standard Solutions

SeparationPrinciples

Scientific Effects

Patents

Structure of ARIZ-85CBasic Flow of Problem Solving Using All TRIZ Elemen ts

ARIZ-85C: Part 1

1. definition of mini-problem2. selection of conflicting pair3. formulation of system contradictions4. selection of one system contradiction

for development

5. reinforcement (intensification) of conflict

6. generation of a specified mini-problem model

7. use of the System of Standards to solve the specific mini-problem model

Selected Problem for Further Development


Statement and Model of the Mini-problem

to ARIZ-85C: Part 2

Scientific Effects

Patent Collections


To use ARIZ-85C, start with a well prepared description of the problem with a clear visual image (picture, sketch, photo, graphics). The goal of the first part of ARIZ is to transform the initial stated problem to a distinctly constructed statement and model of the problem.

After Step 1.4, ARIZ-85C recommends use of Inventive Principles, Scientific Effects, and Patent Collections.

In Step 1.6, use the System of Standard Solutions.

After Part 1 completion we may have some of very promising concepts … but do not stop. Go to the Part 2!


ARIZ 85C: Part 1. Initial Situation AnalysisCreate a Statement and Model of the Mini-problem

to ARIZ-85C: Part 3



Creating a complete list of time, space, substance (with parameters) and field (with parameters) resources available for problem solving is a primary goal of Part 2. After Part 2, we are equipped and prepared to find most innovative solutions.

ARIZ-85C: Part 21. determination of conflict zone (resource of

space)2. determination of operational time

(resources of time)3. determination of substance-field resources

(where the mini-problem exists and the system environment)

List of Time, Space, Substance, and Field Resources

ARIZ-85C: Part 2. Existing Resource AnalysisCreate a List of Time, Space, Substance, and Field Resources and Parameters

ARIZ 85C, Part 3

1. formulation of Ideal Final Result One (in writing)2. reinforcement (intensification) of Ideal Final Result One, with additional

requirements: introduce no new substances or fields into the system, use existing substance-field resources

3. formulation of a Physical Contradiction on the macro-level 4. formulation of a Physical Contradiction on the micro-level 5. formulation of Ideal Final Result Two 6. use of the System of Standards to solve any physical problem arising

from Ideal Final Result Two

Some Possible Solutions and Most Promising Directions for the Potentially Best Answers


Scientific Effects

Patent Collections



List of Time, Space, Substance and Field Resources

Part 3 determines how to use the available resources defined in Part 2 as effectively as possible. Formulation of Ideal Final Result One, Ideal Final Result Two and Physical Contradictions at the macro and micro levels are the result. The application of ARIZ-85C: Part 3 should produce concepts for an ideal solution. It is not always possible to obtain an ideal solution, but the IFR indicates the direction of the best potential answers.

After Steps 3.3 and 3.4, ARIZ-85C suggests using Separation Principles, Scientific Effects and Patent Collections


ARIZ-85C: Part 3. Determination IFR and PCFlow of Solution Creation Using TRIZ Tools

to ARIZ-85C: Part 4

ARIZ-85C: Part 4

1. simulation by “Little Manikins” 2. determination of possible application of combined substance resources 3. determination of possible replacement of substance resources by a void or a

combination of substance resources and a void4. determination of possible application of substances derived from substance resources

or by a combination of these derivative substances with a void5. determination of possible introduction of an electric field or interaction of two electric

fields instead of a substance6. determine of possible application of a paired field and “additive of substance"

responding to the field (e.g. "magnetic field and ferro-substance”, “ultraviolet and luminophor ", "thermal field and shape memory alloy", etc.)

Some Possible Solutions and Most Promising Directio ns for the Potentially Best Answers

to ARIZ-85C: Part 7

Solutions

to ARIZ-85C: Part 5

No Solutions


ARIZ-85C: Part 4. Utilization/Application of Resourc esFlow of Solutions Creation Using “Little Manikins” an d Modified Resources

3. elimination of Physical Contradiction by Scientific Effects, taking into account modified the substance-field resources specified in Part 4

ARIZ-85C: Part 5

No Solutions

to ARIZ-85C: Part 7

Solutions

to ARIZ-85C: Part 6

No Solutions


Scientific Effects


1. reformulation of Ideal Final Result Two by the System of Standard Solution, taking into account the modified substance-field resources specified in Part 4

2. elimination of Physical Contradiction by Separation Principles, taking into account the modified substance-field resources specified in Part 4


ARIZ-85C: Part 5. Application of Information FundStandard Solutions, Separation Principles and Scien tific Effects for Reformulation

1. If there is no answer, check to see if the formulation in Step 1.1 is actually a combination of several different problems. In this case, change Step 1.1 to distinguish the separate problems and them solve them sequentially (usually it is enough to solve one main problem)

ARIZ-85C: Part 6

No Solutions

to ARIZ-85C: Part 1. Step 1



2. If there is no answer, change the problem by choosing another System Contradiction in Step 1.4.

3. If there is no answer, return to Step 1.1 and formulate the mini-problem again by referring it to the super-system. If it is necessary, make repeated transitions to the super-system.


ARIZ-85C: Part 6. Change or Replace the ProblemRelatively simple problems are solved by overcoming Physical Contradictions using Separation Principles orScientific Effects. The solutions to complex problems are usually related to a change in the sense of theproblem (i.e. removal of initial limitations stipulated by psychological inertia and before the solutions weredeemed to be, or seemed to be, self-evident). In fact, the solution process is often a problem updatingprocess.

1. supervision of answer

2. pre-evaluation of problem solution

3. verify (check patent data) originality of problem solution

4. anticipate issues with solution implementation (possible problems related to innovation, design, estimation, organization, etc.)

ARIZ-85C: Part 7

Solutions

to ARIZ-85C: Part 8Good Solutions

Patent Collections


ARIZ-85C: Part 7. Analysis of the Problem SolutionHow Physical Contradiction Was Eliminated and Soluti on Implemented

The principle aim of ARIZ-85C: Part 7 is to check the quality of the developed solution. The PhysicalContradiction should be “ideally” removed. It is better to spend two or three more hours to obtain a newand potentially better answer than half a life struggling with a weak and badly conceived idea.

1. determine how the super-system of the applied solution will be changed

2. determine if the applied solution has any new application

3. use the applied solution/principle for solving other problems

ARIZ-85C: Part 8

Good Solutions

Resources for Future Problem Solving

information for TRIZ development

ARIZ-85C: Part 8.:Application of Problem SolutionDevelopment Analyses to Support the Solving of Simi lar Problems

A good idea solves not only the particular problem for which it was developed, but also becomes auniversal key to many similar problems. The aim of ARIZ-85C: Part 8 is to apply the best practices ofproblem solving to similar problems.


13

ARIZ-85C


LightningProtection for

Radio TelescopesCase Study

14

Example:Lightning protection for radio telescopesRadio telescopes are used to detect radio wave signals from space. Standard lightningconductors are positioned nearby to protect these radio telescopes from lightening strikes.Scientists found that, during the normal telescope operation, the signal reception is distortedby the lightning conducting rods. To solving this problem, engineers had to resolve thefollowing conflict: how to avoid signal interference by lowering or separating the lightningconducting rods from the telescope without sacrificing the safety of the telescope. What ideascan you come up with to both protect the radio telescope and allow good signal reception?


Good radio signal

Distorted radio signal

Lightning conducting rod

Radio telescope

Storm cloud

Radio signal

Lightning

15

ARIZ-85C: Part 1Initial Situation Analysis

Create a Statement and Model of the Mini-problem

ARIZ-85C: Part 1

1. definition of mini-problem2. selection of conflicting pair3. formulation of system contradictions

4. selection of one system contradiction for development

5. reinforcement (intensification) of conflict

6. generation of a specified mini-problem model

7. use of the System of Standards to solve the specific mini-problem model

Selected Problem for Further Development


Statement and model of the mini-problem

to ARIZ-85C: Part 2

Scientific Effects

Patent Collections


After Step 1.4, ARIZ-85C recommends use of Inventive Principles, Scientific Effects, and Patent Collections.

In Step 1.6, use the System of Standard Solutions.

After Part 1 completion we may have some of very promising concepts … but do not stop. Go to the Part 2!


16

Notes

1. A mini-problem is generated by describing limitations within the inventive situation: “everything remains unchanged or is simplified, but the required action (property) appears or the harmful action (property) disappears.” Transition from the inventive situation to a mini-problem does not mean that the solution direction for the small problem is decided, nor does the introduction of additional requirements (i.e., the result should be obtained "without requiring anything”) lead to conflict aggravation or premature reduction of the pathways to compromise.

2. While writing down 1.1, be sure to list not only the parts of the system but also any natural elements interacting with parts of the system. In the above-mentioned problem, such a natural element interacting with the system is airflow.

3. In order to remove psychological inertia, refer to the parts of the system and elements of the environment with simple words.

4. Substance, in TRIZ, is any part of a system.

1.1. Without specialized terminology, write down the conditions of the miniproblem as follows:

ARIZ-85C: Part 1.1


17


System

Main Function

MAIN PARTS

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Part 5Part 4 Part n

A. The system is ( describe by the purpose/main function of the system ) and includes ( list of main parts of the system ).

B. With minimal changes to the system, it is require d that ( specify the result that must be obtained ).

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.1


18

A. The system receives radio waves from outer space and includes a radio telescope, radio waves, lightning conducting rods and lightning.

B. With minimal change to the system, it is required that the radio telescope be protected from lightning without inter ference to the radio wave signal.


system to receive radio waves

to receive radio waves

MAIN PARTS

lightning conducting rods

radio wavesradio

telescope

lightening


ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.1

19

1.2. Select the conflicting pair:

Notes

5. The conflicting pair is the product and tool involved in a system contradiction.

6. Product is the part of the system that, depending on the conditions of the problem, is processed (made, transferred, changed, improved, protected from a harmful action, discovered, measured, etc.).

7. Tool is the part of the system that interacts directly with the product (a milling cutter but not a milling machine, a flame but not a burner). A Tool may be a part of the environment and may also a standard parts that is used to assemble a product.

8. A part of the conflicting pair can be doubled to produce:• two different Tools that effect a Product simultaneously where one Tool is

a handicap to the other,• two Products that are both affected by the same Tool(s) and one Product

is a handicap to the other.

Rules

1. If a Tool can have two states per conditions of a problem, specify both of them.

2. If a Problem includes two pairs of homogeneous interacting parts, one pair is sufficient.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.2

20


System

CONFLICTING PAIR

PRODUCT (S)

TOOL(S)

First State

Second State

Purpose/Main Function

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.2


21

Products: lightning and radio waves

Tool: lightning conducting rods (many rods, zero rods)

We selected two products lightning and radio waves and tool lightning conducting rods (many rods, few rods) as a conflicting pair for further analysis.


CONFLICTING PAIR

lightningconducting rods

many rods

few rods

TOOL(S) PRODUCT(S)

radio waves

lightning

system to receive radio waves

to receive radio waves

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.2


22

1.3. Formulate System Contradictions 1 and 2 using the conflicting pair fromPart 1.2 and create diagrams for each System Contra diction using theGuide to Diagrams of Typical Conflicts:


Notes

9. System Contradictions are called interactions in the system when:

• a useful action causes a simultaneous harmful action,

• the introduction/intensification of the useful action or the elimination/ reduction of the harmful action causes a deterioration (particularly, an inadmissible complication) of one of the system parts or the whole system.

System Contradictions are constructed by first describing one state of a part of the system with an explanation of what is good and what is bad, and then describe the opposite state of the same system part and again specify what is good and bad.

10. Double-function diagrams of conflicts are met in some problems.

Product BMANDREL

Product CWALL

Tool AHAMMER

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.3

23


System Contradiction 1: (identify)

Select/create a diagram of System Contradiction 1 using the Guide to Diagrams of Typical Conflicts.

System Contradiction 2: (identify)

Select/create a diagram of System Contradiction 2 using the Guide to Diagrams of Typical Conflicts.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.3


24

System Contradiction 1:If there are many lightning conducting rods they re liably protect the radio telescope from lightning but distort radio wa ves.


Product Blightning

Product Cradio waves

absorb

distort


many rods

Tool A

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.3


25


System Contradiction 2:If there are few lightning conducting rods there is no noticeable distortion of radio waves, but the radio telescope is not protected against lightning

Product Blightning


absorb

distort


few rods

Tool A

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.3


26

1.4. Select the one conflict diagram from the two s ystem contradictions thatbest accomplishes the main function of the system s pecified in theconditions of the problem:


Notes

11. By selecting one System Contradiction from two, we also choose one of the two opposite states of the tool. The designated solution should be related to the newly selected state. For instance, "high speed of truck" cannot be substituted for "optimal speed of truck". ARIZ requires intensification rather than weakening of the conflict.

While maintaining one state of a tool, we should identify a positive property that belongs to the opposite state. For example, there are few lightning conducting rods and we are not going to increase their number but, as a result of the solution, lightning should be defused as if there a re many lightning conducting rods.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.4

27

The main function of the system is to receive radio waves . System Contradiction 2 should be selected because the few lightning conducting rods do not distort the radio waves.


√√√√ System Contradiction 2

Product Blightning


absorb

distort


few rods

Tool Ato receive radio waves

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.4

1.4. Select the one conflict diagram from the two s ystem contradictions thatbest accomplishes the main function of the system s pecified in theconditions of the problem:

28

Now that we have a correctly selected System Contradiction, ARIZ-85C suggests we use three TRIZ parts: Inventive Principles, Scientific Effects and Patent Collections.

1.4. selection of one system contradictionfor development

Scientific Effects

Patent Collections



29

1.5. Reinforce (intensify) the conflict, specifying the limit state (action) ofelements (parts):


√√√√ System Contradiction 2

Product Blightning


absorb

distortlightning

conducting rods

zero rods

Tool A to receive radio waves

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.5

Assume that instead of "a few rods", “zero rods" is s pecified in System Contradiction 2.

30

1.6. Generate the specified mini-problem model:


Notes

12. Usually, element “x” is not a new substance or a new part of the system. Element “x” is any change of parameters in an existing system, subsystem and/or super-system (environment) component (including time, space, fields and substances). For instance, it could be a temperature or phase state change of some component of the system or the environment.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.6

31

A. Conflicting pairTool ‘lightning conducting rods ’ (many rods, few rods) and products lightning’ and ‘radio waves’

B. Reinforced (intensified) formulation of the con flictIf there are zero lightning conducting rods there is no distortion of radio waves, but the radio telescope is not protected against lightning.

C. Find element “ x” that solves the conflict of the selected System Contradiction (to preserve, eliminate, improve, provide, etc.)Find element “x” that preserves the ability of zero lightning conducting rods to not distort radio waves and provides radio telescopes protection against lightning.


Element “x”

Product Blightning


absorb

distort


zero rods

Tool A

To receive radio waves

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.6

1.6. Generate the specified mini-problem model:

32

Notes

13. Often, the analysis of Part 1 of ARIZ and creation of the mini-problem model substantially clears up the problem and, in many cases, permits one to see standard features in the original non-standard problem. Part 1 also provides an opportunity for more efficient application of the System of Standard Solutions.


1.7. Use the System of Standard Solutions to solve the mini-problem model:

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.7

33


In order to use the System of Standard Solutions, an “analytical” model of the problem (on left) is transformed into the substance-field model of the problem (on right).

S-F Model of the Existing Problem


(zero rods)

radio waves

F1electric field –

lightning

S1 S2

absorbdistorts

Product Blightning


absorb

distort


zero rods

Tool A

ARIZ- 85C: Part 1.7

1.7. Use the System of Standard Solutions to solve the mini-problem model:

34

Existing Resource AnalysisCreate a List of Time, Space, Substance and Field R esources and Parameters

ARIZ- 85C: Part 2

to ARIZ-85C: Part 3



ARIZ-85C: Part 2

1. determination of conflict zone (resource of space)

2. determination of operational time (resources of time)

3. determination of substance-field resources (where the mini-problem exists and the system environment)

List of Time, Space, Substance, and Field Resources

35


lightning conducting rod ‘zero’ lightning conducting rods -> “hollow" rod

Conflict Zone

2.1. Determine the conflict zone :

In the radio telescope problem, the conflict zone is a space pre-occupied by a ‘zero’ lightning conducting rods (i.e., mentally d istinguished as a "hollow" rod).

Notes

14. In the simplest case, the conflict zone is the space where the conflict develops.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 2.1

36

Notes

15. Operation time is the available resource of time, including both pre-conflict time T1 and conflict time T2. Sometimes a conflict (especially fast running, momentary conflict) can be prevented during T1 .


2.2. Determine operational time :

Operational time

T1Pre-conflict time

T2Conflict time

CONFLICT

Beginning of process Ending of process and conflict

Beginning of conflict

ARIZ- 85C: Part 2.2

37

2.2. Determine operational time :


In the radio telescope problem, the operational time is a sum of T 1(time of pre-lightning discharge) and T 2 (time of lightning discharge).

CONFLICT

Operational time

T1Pre-lightning discharge

time

Beginning of process Beginning of conflict Ending of conflict,ending of process

T2Lightning discharge

time

ARIZ- 85C: Part 2.2

38


2.3. Determine substance-field resources:

The main idea of using substance-field resources is to use any changes in parameters of existing system substance and field resources (including the natural environment) for system problem solving and development.

Notes

16. Substance-field resources are substances and fields that are already available or may be easily produced under problem conditions. There are two types of substance-field resources:

• internal system substance-field resources • external system substance-field resources

a. substance-field resources immediately surrounding the area of the system where the problem exists

b. background fields and general substance-field resources of any environment ( e.g., gravitational or magnetic fields of the Earth).

ARIZ- 85C: Part 2.3

39



1. internal system substance-field resources

• substances and parameters of substances

� lightning conducting rod

� diameter� height� conductivity� state

“Good” Radio signal

Distorted Radio signal

Lightning rod

Radio telescope

Storm cloud

Radio signalLightning

ARIZ- 85C: Part 2.3

40



� lightning� frequency� frequency spectrum� intensity, power

2. external system substance-field resources

• substances and parameters of substances

� air� conductivity� temperature� density� pressure

• fields and parameters of fields

Good radio signal

Distorted radio signal

Lightning rod

Radio telescope

Storm cloud

Radio signalLightning

� sun energy

� gravity

ARIZ- 85C: Part 2.3

� radio waves

� frequency� frequency spectrum� intensity, power

41

Single trend

Constantvalue

Oscillation

Varying…

…amplitude

…frequency

Efficiency ofthe system

Pulsation

Varying…

…amplitude

…period

…duration

…shape

Resonance

D - Distance

F - Frequency

T - Time

I – Intensity of fields / force / action

Standing wave

Traveling wave

Structure of fields, forces and interactions

T, D

I I

T, D

T, DI

…phase

T, D

IFO F

I

IT, D

I

T, D

Fields and forces can have constant and variable parameters. The use of field and force variations can increase their efficiency in engineering systems.


42


Determination of Ideal Final Result and Physical Co ntradictionsFlow of Solutions Created by Using the List of Reso urces from Part 2

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3

ARIZ 85C: Part 31. formulation of Ideal Final Result One (in writing)2. reinforcement (intensification) of Ideal Final Result One, with additional

requirements: introduce no new substances or fields into the system, use existing substance-field resources

3. formulation of a Physical Contradiction on the macro-level 4. formulation of a Physical Contradiction on the micro-level

5. formulation of Ideal Final Result Two

6. use of the System of Standards to solve any physical problem arising from Ideal Final Result Two

Some Possible Solutions and Most Promising Directions for the Potentially Best Answers


Scientific Effects

Patent Collections


List of Time, Space, Substance and Field Resources After Steps 3.3 and 3.4,

ARIZ-85C suggests using Separation Principles, Scientific Effects and Patent Collections


to ARIZ-85C: Part 4

43


Notes

17. An Ideal Final Result One formulation is written such that the achievement of a useful property (or elimination of a harmful one) is not accompanied by deterioration of other properties (or the appearance of harmful properties). The element “x” is included into the formula of the Ideal Final Result One.

18. Reinforced Ideal Final Result One is a modification of Ideal Final Result Oneformula where selected substance-fields resources replace the element “x”.

19. Ideal Final Result Two formulation is written such that the selected substance-fields resource provides opposite physical macro- or micro-states in the conflict zone during operational time.

20. Besides the conflict “a harmful action is connected with an efficient action”, other conflicts are also possible (e.g., “introduction of a new efficient action causes a complication of the system" or “one efficient action is incompatible with another efficient action”. Therefore, the formula for Ideal Final Result One given in Step 3.1 is only an example of an Ideal Final Result One description.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.1

3.1 Write the formula for Ideal Final Result One:

44

While neither complicating the system nor causing harmful effects, element “x”eliminates distortion of radio waves during operational time within the conflict zone,preserving the ability of the lightning conducting rod to protect the radio telescope.


While neither complicating the system nor causing harmful effects, element “x”eliminates (specify a harmful effect) during operational time within the conflict zonewhile preserving the ability of the tool to (specify an efficient action).

Element “x”

Operational time

T1Pre-lightning

discharge time


time

CONFLICT



Product Blightning


absorb

distort

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.1

3.1 Write the formula for Ideal Final Result One:

Conflict Zone

“hollow" rod

45

3.2. Reinforce (intensify) Ideal Final Result One w ith the stipulation tointroduce no new substances and fields into the sys tem:


Let us select for our example the resource ‘air’ and its parameter ‘conductivity ’.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.2

46

Replace element “x” with “air”. While neither complicating the system nor causing harmful effects, “air” eliminates distortion of the radio waves during operational time within the conflict zone, preserving the ability of the lightning conducting rod to protect radio telescope.


air

Operational time

T1Pre-lightning

discharge time


time

CONFLICT



Product Blightning


absorb

distort

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.2

3.2. Reinforce (intensify) Ideal Final Result One w ith the stipulation tointroduce no new substances and fields into the sys tem:

Conflict Zone

“hollow" rod

47


3.3. Write the formula for the Physical Contradicti on at the macro-level:

Notes

21. It is very important to select a substance-fields resource and its parameter. If you select only the substance-fields resource with no parameter, you will have problems creating "...opposite, physical macro-states in the conflict zone during operational time". Conflicting values of the selected substance-fields resource parameter are used to create "...opposite physical macro-states in the conflict zone during operational time".

22. A Physical Contradiction is a situation where two mutually opposite requirements exist for the same component in relation to its physical state (e.g., must be hot and cold, electrically conductive and insulated, etc.). A Physical Contradiction is a conflict between two different values of one parameter. The purpose of Step 3.3 is to make the transition from System Contradiction to Physical Contradiction.

23. A Physical Contradiction on the macro-level is a Physical Contradiction formulated at the level of the whole conflict zone (e.g., the conflict zone must be both hot and cold).

24. If a macro-level application of Physical Contradiction causes difficulties, it can be stated as a partial formulation: “an element (or a part of an element in the conflict zone) should be (specify) and should not be (specify)".

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.3

48


3.3. Write the formula for the Physical Contradicti on at the macro-level:The (selected resource for ”x”) in the conflict zone (specify) during operational timeshould be (specify a physical macro-state, e.g. “hot") to execute (specify one of the conflicting requirements) and should be (specify the opposite physical macro-state, e .g. “cold") to execute (specify the other conflicting requirement).

Operational time

T1Pre-lightning

discharge time


time

CONFLICT

Beginning of process Ending of process and conflictBeginning of conflict

Product Blightning


absorb

distort

Conductive air column

Nonconductive air column

The “air” in the conflict zone (air column) during operational time should be conductiveto absorb lightning and nonconductive to prevent distortion of the radio waves.

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.3

Conflict Zone

“hollow" rod

49


Operational time

T1Pre-lightning

discharge time


time

CONFLICT


Product Blightning


absorb

distort

Conductiveair column

Nonconductiveair column

The “air” in the conflict zone during operational time should be conductive to absorb lightning and should be nonconductive

to prevent distortion of the radio waves.

This description of the problem offers a solution: the air column should be conductive at the moment of lightning discharge and should be nonconductive at other times . A lightning discharge is a comparatively a rare phenomenon and is over quickly.

Conflict Zone

“hollow" rod

50

This is not a complete answer!

How can an air column be converted into a conductor at the moment of a discharge?

How can a conductor disappear immediately after a discharge is over?


51

Notes

25. A Physical Contradiction at the micro-level is a Physical Contradiction formulated for the conflict zone (i.e., component) particles. For example, for the conflict zone to exist in two opposite states (e.g., both hot and cold), its particles must be moving both quickly and not at all.

26. It is not necessary to specify the "particles" in Step 3.4. They can be molecules, ions etc.

27. Particles can be: a. particles of a substance,b. particles of a substance in combination with some field and, less

frequently, “field particles".

28. If a problem seems to have a solution only at the macro-level, Step 3.4 will be difficult to perform. In any case, an attempt to formulate a micro-Physical Contradiction is still useful because it gives additional information that can help solve the problem at the macro-level.

3.4. Write the formula for the Physical Contradicti on at the micro-level:


ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.4

52

3.4. Write the formula for the Physical Contradicti on at the micro-level: Particles of a substance (specify their physical state or action) should be in the conflict zone to provide (specify the required macro-state by Step 3.3), and particles should not be in the conflict zone or should have the opposite state or action to provide (specify the other required state by Step 3.3).


Operational time

T1Pre-lightning

discharge time


time

CONFLICT


Product Blightning


absorb

distort

Conductiveair column

Nonconductiveair column

Free, positively charged particles should be in an air column at the moment of lightning discharge to provide conductivity (to absorb lightning) and free, positively charged particles should not be in the air column at other times to provide no conductivity and preserve non-distortion of radio waves.

Positively charged ionsNeutral molecules

ARIZ- 85C: Part 3.4

Conflict Zone

“hollow" rod

53


3.5. Write the formula for Ideal Final Result Two:

The (selected substance-field resource) should provide (specify opposite physicalmacro- or micro-states) in (specify the conflict zone ) during (specify operationaltime).

The air column is made up of positively charged particles at the moment of a lightning discharge while, after a discharge, the air in the column is converted back into neutral molecules.

The situation can provide everything that is requir ed:A lightning strike is a natural electric spark. In this case, the potential difference between a cloud and the ground or between two clouds is typically hundreds of millions of volts. This can cause a very rapid increase in the number of free electrons and ions in the air, temporarily and rapidly causing the air to become an electrical conductor.

ARIZ-85C: Part 3.5

54

The essence of a new idea: during a lightning discharge, free, positively charged particles appear in an air colum n that is distinct from the air in the environment. This ionized air column operates as a "lightning rod" by which the lightening is grounded. After discharge, the positively charged ions become neutral molecules.

We need some way to differentiate between air in the column and air in the environment. Select one of the parameters of air that can help lightning discharge to ionize air only in air specified places.

� Air� conductivity� temperature� density� pressure


55


Isak Bukhman, TRIZ Master, Global Consultant,

Vice-President of Altshuller Institute for TRIZ Stu dies,

President of TRIZ Solutions LLC

mobile: 1-617-218-7415e-mail: [email protected] id: bukhman

www.TRIZSolution.com

Your questions are greatly appreciated!

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