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Algal Fuels Presentation
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Algae: Fuel For Our Future
Taylor Dellastatious PfaffIDST 300: Biotechnology, Dr. Ressler
January 19, 2011
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Table of Contents
Algae Basics
How It’s Used
Methods of Production
Risks and Benefits of Algal Fuels
Christian Theology Worldview and Ethicality
Fig 1.1 – Algae Under A MicroscopeVG Energy, Inc. "Algae Based BioFuel Products Based on Metabolic Disruption." VG Energy,Inc.: Algae Biofuel Research & Development. VG Energy, Inc, 3 Jan. 2011. Web. 09 Jan.2011. <http://www.vgenergy.org/technology.php>.
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Algae Basics
Algae is a simple, eukaryotic organism It can be found around the globe, both in salt water
and fresh water Algae is autotrophic and photosynthetic Like other simple-celled organisms, algae utilizes
lipids for energy
Figure 1.2 – Algae As A Single CellBiello, David. "Powering Our Automotive Future with Pond Scum." Scientific American.Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc., 23 Sept. 2008. Web. 08 Jan.2011. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=powering-automotive-futurewith-pond-scum>.
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How to Produce Algal Fuels
Algae can be genetically engineered to create bio-kerosene Bio-kerosene can be used as a renewable form of
fuel
Start processes with microinjection
There are two processes to create algae as fuel Closed-tank method Open-tank method
Figure 1.3 – Algae Being Filtered Into TanksBullis, Kevin. "A New Bloom For Algae." Technology Review: The Authority on theFuture of Technology. Massachusetts Institution of Technology, 2 July 2010. Web. 09Jan. 2011. <http://www.technologyreview.com/ energy/25695/page1/>.
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Closed-Tank Method
Dark tanks used for holding algae Doesn’t involve photosynthesis Use of biomass Produces algal oil which can be refined into bio-
kerosene
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Open-Tank Method
Algae held in open tank system outdoors Manipulation of lipid production
Microinjection of inhibitor molecules Harvest algae out of ponds Refining of bio-kerosene
Figure 1.4 – Open Tank of AlgaeAlgae Industry Magazine, Inc. "Benefits of GE Guidelines for the Algae Industry." AlgaeIndustry Magazine. AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.<http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/benefits-of-ge-guidelines-for-the-algaeindustry/>.
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Risks Involved With Algal Fuels
Very minimal risks involved Potential creation of “super-algae” Spread of algae around the globe Invasive species in large tanks Potential changes within the tank system High primary investment
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Benefits of Algal Fuels
Several outstanding benefits Availability of algae Reducing pollution High yield of the product Replacement of hazardous fuels
Figure 1.5 – Algae To Clean Up PollutantsBiello, David. " NASA Aims for Future Fuel from Algae-Filled Bags of Sewage." ScientificAmerican. Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc.,12 May 2009. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=jet-fuel-from-algae-passes-first te-2008-09-09>.
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Christian Theology Worldview
Why bio-kerosene is ethical for Christians: Doesn’t harm organisms As stewards, we need to change atmosphere and
environment Need to change our future with renewable fuels
No problems with human dignity
Since there aren’t any ethical issues expect to see more use of algal fuels in the future
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Works Cited and Consulted
Algae Industry Magazine, Inc. "Benefits of GE Guidelines for the Algae Industry." AlgaeIndustry Magazine. AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.<http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/benefits-of-ge-guidelines-for-the-algaeindustry/>.
Algae Industry Magazine, Inc. "Abundant Agriculture: Sustainable Carbon-Neutral Food and Energy." Algae Industry Magazine. AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 02 Jan. 2011.< http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/algae-101-part-20-abundant-agriculture/>
Anderson, Mitchell. "Has VG Energy Stumbled on the Elusive Algae “Lipid Trigger”?". Energy Boom, Co., 9 Dec. 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.energyboom.com/biofuels/hasvg-energy-stumbled-elusive-“lipid-trigger”>.
Associated Press. "The Oil Industry: Beyond the Black Stuff." The Economist Online. The Economist, Inc., 4 Feb. 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.<http://www.economist.com/node/15473681>.
Associated Press. "Will Pond Scum Become the New Oil?" CNN Tech News. Cable News Network, 30 July 2008. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://articles.cnn.com/2008-07-30/tech roadtrips.algae.fuel_1_algae-biofuel-pond-scum?_s=PM:TECH>.
Biello, David. "Jet Fuel From Algae Passes First Test." Scientific American. Scientific American,a Division of Nature America, Inc., 9 Sept. 2008. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.<http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=jet-fuel-from-algae-passes-firstte-2008-09-09>.
Biello, David. "Powering Our Automotive Future with Pond Scum." Scientific American.Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc., 23 Sept. 2008. Web. 08 Jan.2011. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=powering-automotive-futurewith-pond-scum>.
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Works Cited and Consulted
Biello, David. " NASA Aims for Future Fuel from Algae-Filled Bags of Sewage." Scientific American. Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc.,12 May 2009. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=jet-fuel-from-algae-passes-first te-2008-09-09>.
Bullis, Kevin. "A New Bloom For Algae." Technology Review: The Authority on the Future of Technology. Massachusetts Institution of Technology, 2 July 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.technologyreview.com/ energy/25695/page1/>.
Castor Oil, Inc. "Biodiesel from Algae." Castor Oil Industry. Castor Oil, Inc., 2006. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.castoroil.in/reference/plant_oils/uses/fuel/sources/algae/biodiesel_algae.html>.
Department of Energy and Climate Change. "Carbon Neutrality." Home for the Department ofEnergy and Climate Change UK. Department of Energy and Climate Change UK, Oct.2009. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/lc_uk/neutrality/neutrality.aspx>
Duncan, David Ewing. "Big Oil Turns to Algae." Technology Review: The Authority on theFuture of Technology. Massachusetts Institution of Technology, 22 July 2009. Web. 09Jan. 2011. <http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/23039/page1>.
Farm Service Agency. "Hay and Renewable Biomass Included as Eligible FSFLCommodities." United States Department of Agriculture. United States Department ofAgriculture, 17 Aug. 2009. Web. 9 Jan. 2011.<http://www.apfo.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_Notice/fsfl_62.pdf>.
Fogg, Gordon E., and Brenda Thake. Algal Cultures and Phytoplankton Ecology. Madison, WI:Univ. of Wisconsin Pr., 1987. Print.
Graham, Linda E., James M. Graham, and Lee Warren. Wilcox. Algae. San Francisco: BenjaminCummings, 2009. Print.
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Works Cited and Consulted
Holder, Jane. Environmental Protection, Law and Policy: Text and Materials. Cambridge UP, 2007. Cambridge University Press
Jackson, Daniel F. Algae And Man. New York: Plenum, 1972. Print.
Kreuzer, Helen, and Adrianne Massey. Biology and Biotechnology: Science, Applications, and Issues. Washington, DC: ASM, 2005. Home - ASM Press. ASM Press, 02 Jan. 2011.Web. 07 Jan. 2011. http://ebooks.asmpress.org/product/biology-biotechnology17540
Lane, Jim. "Military Signals Advanced Biofuels Demand: 336 Million Gallons Per Year By2020." Biofuels Digest. Biofuels Digest, Co., 16 Dec. 2010. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2010/12/16/military-advanced-biofuels-demand-336-million-gallons-by-2020-voices-from-the-bio-pacific-rim-summit/>.
Lauber, Volkmar. Switching To Renewable Power: A Framework For the 21st Century. London: Earthscan, 2006. Print.
Mitchell, C. Ben. Biotechnology and the Human Good. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP, 2007. Print.
Passero, Barbara. Energy Alternatives: Opposing Viewpoints. Detroit: Greenhaven/Thomson Gale, 2006. Print.
Sapphire Energy, Inc. "Green Crude." Sapphire Energy: Green Crude. Sapphire Energy, Inc., 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. http://www.sapphireenergy.com/green-crude/. Service, Robert F. "ExxonMobil Fuels Venter's Efforts To Run Vehicles on Algae-Based Oil." Science 325.5939 (2009): 379. Print.
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Works Cited and Consulted
Shuster, Joseph M. Beyond Fossil Fuels: The Roadmap to Energy Independence By 2040. Edina, MN: Beaver's Pond, 2008. Print
Solazyme, Inc. "Technology." Solazyme. Solazyme, Inc., 2010. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.http://www.solazyme.com/content/technology.
Synthetic Genomics, Inc. "Next Generation Fuels & Chemicals." Synthetic Genomics Home. Synthetic Genomics, Inc., 2011. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.<http://www.syntheticgenomics.com/what/renewablefuels.html>.
University of Winnepeg. "Reproduction In Algae." Virtual Microscope Home Page. University of Winnepeg, 2008. Web. 09 Jan. 2011.<http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16lab05/lb1pg7.htm>.
VG Energy, Inc. "Algae Based BioFuel Products Based on Metabolic Disruption." VG Energy,Inc.: Algae Biofuel Research & Development. VG Energy, Inc, 3 Jan. 2011. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. <http://www.vgenergy.org/technology.php>.
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