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1 | Bioenergy Technologies Office
BIOENERGY TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Algal-Derived Fuels: Challenges and Opportunities
Alison Goss EngProgram Manager
Advanced Algal Systems
2 | Bioenergy Technologies Office
Algae Program
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Benefits
High productivity relative to terrestrial feedstocks.
Adds value to unproductive or marginal lands.
Able to use waste and salt water.
Able to recycle carbon dioxide.
Able to provide valuable co-products, such as protein to meet animal feed needs.
Produces a range of biofuels including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and ethanol.
High-impact feedstock, increasing the U.S. domestic biomass feedstock production potential by 5 billion gallons per year.
Benefits of Algal Biofuels
Photos Courtesy of Sapphire Energy
Renewable Diesel from Algal Lipids: An Integrated Baseline for Cost, Emissions, and Resource Potential from a Harmonized Model; ANL, NREL, and PNNL; June 2012.
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Algae Program Goals and Objectives
Courtesy Sapphire Energy, LLC
• Develop and demonstrate technologies to make sustainablealgal biofuel intermediate feedstocks that perform reliably in conversion processes to yield renewable diesel, jet, and gasoline in support of the BETO’s $3/gge biofuel at 50% GHG reduction goal in 2022.
• Meet aggressive productivity targets (2,500 gallons of biofuel intermediate per acre annual average by 2018; and 5,000 gallons by 2022).
Photo Courtesy of ATP3 Photo Courtesy of Texas A&M
Getting lab scale work outdoors at increasing scales
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Algae Key Challenge: Costs
Reliable, consistent, and sustainable biomass supply
Productivity and robustness of algae strains
Scale up productivities
Algal biomass harvesting and dewatering
technologies costly
Lack of understanding of algal feedstock quality and
physical property characteristics that impact
conversion
Integration of co-located inoculation, cultivation,
primary harvest, concentration, and preprocessing
systems
Develop and demonstrate technologies that make sustainable algal biofuel intermediate feedstocks that perform reliably in conversion processes to yield renewable diesel, jet, and gasoline in support of the BETO’s $3/gge biofuel goal in 2022.
Strategic Goal
Courtesy of Algenol
Courtesy of BioProcess Algae
Hawaii Bioenergy’s Algae Farm
CalPoly’s Delhi WWT plant site
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Program Approach: Integrated R&D
To achieve program goals, the Algae Program funds research and development across technology readiness levels (TRL 2-6) within a broad portfolio of disciplines across the production and logistics chain, while interfacing with the Conversion and Demonstration and Market Transformation Programs.
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Algae Focus Areas
Photos Courtesy Sapphire Energy
There are two overarching focus areas:
Reducing costs of production
• Strategies focus on improving biomass productivity and yield, and increasing the value of the biomass with co-products.
projects focused on improvements in yield
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Algae Focus Areas
Photos Courtesy Sapphire Energy
Ensuring sustainability and availability of resources
• Strategies focus on: water and nutrient recycle, improving energy & carbon efficiencies, improving CO2 utilization, and conducting resource assessment analyses
There are two overarching focus areas:
projects focused on water
& nutrient recycle
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Billion Ton 2016: Objectives (FY2015-2017)
General
• Quantify site-specific and national potential algal feedstock production and cost based on co-located resources (e.g., CO2, waste heat, alternative nutrient supply)
• Investigate corn ethanol plants and power plants as initial co-location strategies; then investigate cement plants, ammonia plants, wastewater treatment plants, and others, potentially including multiple resources
• Identify co-location strategies that are likely to reduce costs of algae production
Billion Ton 2016
• Provide base case algae supply curves without co-location of resources
• Incorporate supply curves and prices of algae for co-located ethanol and power plants
Andre M. ColemanMark S. WigmostaMatt LangoholtzRebecca EfroymsonSusan SchoenungShahab Sokhansanj
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• Consult with industry, scientific literature, and project team regarding engineering assumptions and cost
• Develop estimate of cost differential between use of co-located resources (CO2, heat, nutrients) and base case
• Consider both photobioreactors and open ponds
• Assume 1000 acres of production
• Generate biophysically-based production estimates and select priority land areas for resource co-location
• Generate supply curves
• Seek stakeholder feedback (e.g., Algal Biomass Organization)
• Challenge: Identifying and quantifying all costs
10
Approach/Scope
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Background & Motivation
• Commercial carbon supply for algal production is a significant cost
factor
• Can represent 20-25% of operating costs
• Collocation of stationary sources of waste CO2 has demonstrated
promise
• Past studies have indicated there is enough waste CO2 available nationally
• Waste CO2 utilization has been put into practice by many
• Land availability?
• Can waste CO2 be transported cost-effectively?
• This is largely a problem of location and timing….and policy
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• ~137 Mt/CO2-yr from 326
ethanol production plants
• 117 plants collocated
• ~26.5 Mt/CO2-yr used
(19.3% of total supply)
• 366,120 ha of production
area (904 unit farms)
• 24.4 km average distance
from CO2 source to farm
• $11.76 tonne/CO2
• 10.8 Mt/yr AFDW biomass
• 4.6 BL/yr HTL-RD (1.2 BGY)
Results - Ethanol
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• Under current analysis parameters, potential CO2 utilization from open
pond algae production:
• 101.35 Mt/CO2-yr
• Using 482 stationary CO2 sources of varying purity
• Algae production potential from collocated CO2:
• 41.2 Mt/yr AFDW biomass
• 17.6 BL/yr HTL-RD (4.6 BG/yr)
• Large quantities of waste CO2 available
• Current barriers include collocated land availability, minimum unit farm size,
economic CO2 delivery / acceptable EROI
Summary
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For more information, or to connect:Jonathan Male
Phone: 202-586-5188
https://www.linkedin.com/pub/jonathan-male/
Alison Goss Eng
Phone: 202-586-9109
www.linkedin.com/in/alisongosseng
www.twitter.com/alisongosseng
www.bioenergy.energy.gov
www.bioenergykdf.net
www.facebook.com/bioenergykdf
