Upload
hoai
View
31
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
ALCOHOL PHYSIOLOGY. Sources: NHTSA SFST Manual & Institute for Traffic Safety Management and Research. Physi-What?. Physiology -- the way a particular body or organism works So what does alcohol do to my physiology?. Measuring Alcohol in the Body. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
ALCOHOL ALCOHOL PHYSIOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY
Sources: NHTSA SFST Manual & Institute for Traffic Safety Management and Research
Physi-What?
Physiology -- the way a particular body or organism works
So what does alcohol do to my physiology?
Measuring Alcohol in the Body
• Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) describes the amount of alcohol in a person's blood.
• BAC is expressed as the weight of alcohol per unit of volume of blood.
• 0.08% is the legal limit for driving while intoxicated in New York State.
• BAC can be measured accurately by testing the content in one’s breath.
So What?
Increasing your BAC also increases your risk of being involved in many negative health and safety related issues.
• Falls• Assaults• Motor vehicle crashes• Brain and Liver Damage• STD and HIV
How Much is “Too Much?”
• Impairment begins with the first drink. •BACs vary from person to person due to factors such as weight and stomach contents. •Individuals can be substantially impaired after two drinks. •The same amount of alcohol will result in different BACs for men and women because alcohol is processed differently by men and women.
Too Much, Too Fast
•Binge drinking – five drinks by men; four drinks by women in a short period of time.
•High consumption increases the risk of negative consequences.
•Binge drinking may cause alcohol poisoning.
Alcohol
II-12
A family of closely-related chemicalswhose molecules are made up of
hydrogen, carbon and oxygen
Some Types of Alcohol
Methyl Alcohol(Methanol)
Ethyl Alcohol(Ethanol)
Isopropyl Alcohol(Isopropanol)
II-13
Ethanol
Ethyl Alcohol(Intended for human consumption)
Chemical Symbols
ETOHC H OH2 5
H H
H H
H C C OH
II-14
Production of Ethanol
II-15
FermentationYeast combines with sugars from fruit or grainsin a chemical reaction that results in ETOH
DistillationFermented beverage is boiled at a controlled temperature to extract and concentrate theethanol fumes
Standard-Sized Drinks
A Can of Beer12 ounces of fluid @ 4% alcohol equals0.48 ounces of pure ethanol
A Glass of Wine5 ounces of fluid @ 12% alcohol equals 0.48 ounces of pure ethanol
A Shot of Whiskey (80-Proof)1 and 1/4 ounces @ 40% alcohol equals 0.50 ounces of pure ethanol
II-16
Alcohol is the MostAbused Drug in the
United States
Alcohol is a CNS Depressant
II-17
Absorption of Alcohol:
Getting the ethanolout of the stomachand into the blood
StomachWalls Stomach
Walls
StomachWalls
Pylorus
80%
20%
II-18
Distribution of Alcohol
II-19
Getting the ethanol into the body’s tissuesand organs
Basic PrincipleEthanol goes wherever it finds water
II-20
The Brain; The Liver; Muscle Tissue
Which Parts Don’t?
Bones; Fatty Tissue
The average male is 68 percent water
The average female is only 55 percent water
Which Parts of the Body haveLots of Water?
Elimination of Alcohol
II-21
Direct ExcretionBreath, sweat, tears, urine, etc.
MetabolismPrimarily in the liver
Getting the ethanol out of the body
Metabolism in the Liver
II-22
• The liver burns the ethanol (i.e., causes a chemical reaction of ethanol with oxygen).
• The process is aided by an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase.
• The ultimate products of the chemical reaction are carbon dioxide and water.
• Due to metabolism, the average person’s BAC drops by about 0.015% per hour.
Blood Alcohol Concentration
II-23
BAC is the number of grams of alcohol found in
100 milliliters of the person’s blood
What does it mean?
ExampleIf a person has a BAC of .10%, then there is one-tenth of a gram of alcohol in every 100 milliliters of the person’s blood.
QUESTIONS