Alchemy of Spirit

8/9/2019 Alchemy of Spirit

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SUI\MER STUDYPROGPG,M ROSE.CROTXUNIVERSITYTHE ALCHEMY of SPIRIT ENERGY

byOnslow H. Wilson, Ph.D., F.R.C.

What exact ly does one mean by the term "ENERGY"? According toEncyclopaedia Bri tannica, "ENERGY" s def ined as "the power by whichanything acts ef fect ively to move or change other things or accom-pl ish a result" . Physic ists of ten def ine i t as "the abi l i ty to dowork".A brief considerat ion of ei ther of the above def ini t ions quicklybr ings to mind the real izat ion that "ENERGY"per se is not d ef inablein concrete physical terms--that i t can only be appreciated throughits physical ef fects. In fact "ENERGY"may be referred to as ametaphysical real i ty which has a potent ial for act ion in the physicalworld. This potent ial is rendered act ive or k inet ic only when some-thing else acts upon it . I^ lhat then is the nature of this "something"?When one thinks of "ENERGY", iCeas of heat, 1ight , electr ic i ty,mot ion, change, at t ra.ct ion, repuls ion al l f lash across the screen ofconsciousness. We quickly real ize that that which transmutes POTEN-TIAL into act ion is FORCE. However, the appl icat ion of this FORCE snot constant but rhythmic. As a consequence "ENERGY"manifests to usin cycles or waves of varying magnitudes and intensi t ies."ENERGY" always seems to f low from regions of high intensi ty toregions of 1ow intensi ty. The example of Light moving inexorablyinto darkness is a viv id demonstrat ion of this fact . I t is as thoughthe FORCEof ENERGY mparts to i t a direct ion which impresses us asbeing intel l igent and conscious. We may say therefore that ENERGYmanifests to us in three dist inguishable aspects known as POTENTIAL,FORCEand CONSCIOUSNESS. Let us bear in mind however, that al thoughwe may choose to focus our at tent ion exclusively on any one aspect ofi ts t r iune nature, whenever we speak of "ENERGY"we are speaking ofa l l three at one and the same t ime.

DATNF\]M T A Trv*Lt iLLr,D

CONSCIOUSNESS


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PreparatorY Lecture The Alcherny' c: I :ergy

"ENERGY" s dual in the sense that certain " lower" aS;: : -- :nature are act ive on the plane of existence which we cal l p:- . t 's- :i t " "higher, ' aspects mani lest only as ref lect ions on this p-a: . : 'ispect 6t "ENERaY" which manifests on the physical plane we, asci lc ians, cal l v ibrat ions of Spir i t Energy. Scient ists cal l i - -maqnet ic Radiat ion.The ancient Alchemists held that the Prima Materia--that fronwhich al l things are made--has four basic at t r ibutes which they cal leiEARTH, AIR, FIRE and WATER. The mult ipl ic i ty of manj-festat ions withwhich the physical senses are ordinari ly occupied were accounted foron the basis of the blending of varying proport ions of these fourat t r ibutes or elements of the Prima Materia'The Electromagnet ic Radiat ion of contemporary science easi lyqual i f ies as being a manif estat ion of the prima t"t l ter ia of the Alchemists

It is at once supfort ive and sustaj-ning (EARTH), conmunicat ive and.|1-pervading (Ai i f ) , t ransmutat ive and consuming (FIRE), mot ive and"ot t ' . i " i "g tWainn) . . In fact , the famous equat ion of -Albert Einstein,showing tfrat "matter" and "ENERGY" are equivalent, is but a modernrestatement of the alchemical v iew that matter is a manifestat ion ofSpir i t EnergY.

Through the use of Rosicrucian Principles and Techniques we.shal lexploie th; format ion of posit ive and negat ive electrons from Spir i tnnLrgy; the formation of ltoms from electrons; the interaction ofatoms to form molecules; the organizat ion of molecules into "I iv ing"ce1ls; the two-way interact ion 5etween indiv idual Consciousness andSpir i t Energy via the physical body'Laboratory demonstrations wil l include: (i) the atomic composi-t ion of waterr ' ( i i ) the l ight of atoms; ( i i i ) behaviour of certainatoms toward water i ( iv) eiectr ic i ty in molecules; (v) the conscious-ness of mercuiy. ihe class wi l l coic lude with a "workshop" ent i t led:"Some Alchemical- Transmutat ions" '


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,.Soorro

A r l .Sor lo lccrrr ..f . 2. oo rte4A ,{. g.aor lottaa tel. t c-

A = o. f&o^tolo crn...f.+* ,r" '!A r.rS. 5. & ttolocrrr c{ t c.

f r O-!/5 rtorcend. S.oo c.c ' fA, d-- B.oor d'c-tce/.= c.

A. MEASUREABLE ATTRTBUTEIq OF VIBRA!]ONEThe neasureable att r ibutes of electromagnet icgY) are:- ( i ) wavelength - I ( l ,amda)

( i i ) f requencY v (nu)( i i i ) veloci tY c

NOTE:- (a) the smal ler the wavelength, l ' the

radiat ion (radiant ene

qreater the frequencY'


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(b) f requency t imes wavelength is c3:-: -- : - - - - - . 3) .v=c i(c) the actua!^value of lc" is the spes- : : - - ; - :3.00 x 10ru cm. sec-a;(d) al l electromagnet ic radiat ion' regar:-=: : : : '1": -length, t ravels at the speed of l ight .

B. QUANTUMOF ACTIONThe quantum (unit ) of act ion with regard to electromagnet:- : : : : - : --- : -is "h", known as Planck's Constant. The value is:-

[ = 6 .626 x Lo-2' " tn. sec. ,where the term "erg" represents a unit of energy and is def ineo as"the amount of eneigy required to impart an accelerat ion of 1 cm.sec,/sec:to a mass of one gram" - ,,

C. POTENTIAI FOR ACTTONThe potent ial for act ion of a wave or v ibrat ion of a given frequencyis given as Planck's Constant t imes the frequency. That is

E - hv.For example, the potent ia] for act ion, E, of a vibrat ion whose fre-quency i ; 5.00 x tol4sec-r would be expressed as:-

! = 6.626 x 10-27 "tg.sec x 5.00 x 1014 "."-1= 33.1 x 10-13 .tg = 3.31 x Lo-Lz erg.D. EXAMPLES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

Some examples of vibrat ions their f reguencies, wavelengths, poten-t ial for ict ion and their Octave Number*- are presented in thefol lowing table:-VIBRATION WAVELENGTH FREQUENCY POTENTIAL TA

(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)

Red LightBlue LightUlt ravioletX-rayGamma-ray

7.50 x 10-5 .*3.75 x 10-5 cm

.3.33 x 10-6 cm-a

5.2Ix10"cm- t nL.02 x 10 --cm

1 ,r ._14.00 x 10'=sec1A -I8.00 x lO"sec

- ' r< -19.00 x 10^-sec11 ._15-76 x 10' 'sec)n ._l2.95 x 10-"sec

-1 22.65 x t0 --erg1a5.30 x 10-"erg

- ' t 15.96 x 10 **erg-o3.82x10-".g

1.95 x 10-6 erq

45556

*cf . Chart of Cosmic Vibrat ionsNOTE:- Gamma-ray of octave No. 68 possesses the minimum potent ial (enerfor act ion for Lhe product ion of an electron-posit ron pair.


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E. RELATION BETWEEN-qLECTRON AND ATOMelectrons and atoms, via the sub-atomic-n""t t ""srplease refer to MINDQUEST rt ic lesln" ut t i "6i"u" which appeared in the Digest

For the connect ion betweenpart ic les known as Protons and-ent i t led:- "EnergY SPir i t ofof May and June , 1979 -

Energy:pirit f theUniverse,artTheUnityof MatterandEnergY

by Onslow H. Wilson, Ph.D., F.R.C.Visiting Scicntist,Rose-CroixUniversitYTJHr LosoPHER,s, ncient ndmodern,F from Dcntocrituso BertrandRussell,have al l contemplatedhe structure fnlat ler . Of whai is mattercomposed?Sorne ave atled hebasic uildingblockan atom, some En elementary article,somean electron, thersvibrations' ndstil l otherscnergy.

The Greek philosopherDemocritu-s(ca. 460 B C.) 'has bien creditedwiththe conclusionhat i f a pieceof matterwere o becont inual ly iv ided, ventual lya point would be 'reached where no

fret.r Or . Oaelow ff . Wllra lg!rrn c nrmbrt of l' fro lorltruclonOtdor (AlAgPC] oa d c noabrr ollh a t^rarl.oltoao! Rortotch Cottacll ltato,ry l.ert. Xo ttctlvtd ll r 2h.D. fallochtmittry ., lil,cOlll Ualvttttlf tnoafi.ol. ord tf.at uvsrd yoott.t . posl D.xlotel jollos ol tlroCtasdlaa Aovoranal ol ,b Ctf;' dHopo Hcdtcal C.alar, O{a,tlat Ca'l'c''rle. lotlovlal hl t tolvra lo %sadctD+. ttllpa tctvod ctDlrlclor, klorc'tcry cl tnrrnraoclrmlt lr ' , a, lhaCtlnlcel futrcrch tatrrrtt. d ltbal'rtel. Xo ctft.nlty loJdr r Ptalosor'y'alp Ia Chomltlry ol 9cvna Celt.Jr.QcrDrc.

furtherdivisionwould bc possiblc.Thispoint of indivisibilityDemocritus alledihe atom. It was some2200 years aterthat the English chemistand physicistJohn Dalton- 17661844) succcededngaining upportamonghi s scientific ol -leagues or thc conccPtof the rtomicstructure f mattcr.Although chenically speaking thatlinlc spcck we now call the atom is tro.questidnably ccepted y most scicntistsas he functional hemical ni t of matter'physicallyt docsnot fit the reguirementsfo r indivisibility. n fact, t i s well knownthat the "8tom" itself is composcdofsmallcrparticles, ollectively nown assubalotnicparticles, calledprotons, neu-trons, and electrons. Thcsc three build-ing blocksof atomsare arra.ngedn sucha -mannerthat the Protonsand neutronsare confined o 8n exrrcmely mall spaccwithin he atom's nter,allcd heatomicnucleus, Together hc nuclear Psrticlesconstitutc thi nass of thc etofo. Thceleclrong on the other band, suroundlhe nucleus in much thc samc w8Y t3planetssurroundthc Sun. Thc electrons'contributeto thc atom its volune q size.In addition, the electronsarc tbc firnc.tional unit of action in thc atour, forelectrons arc transferrcd or shared be'tweenaloms n chemical eactions.Thctrsnsfer and shuing of electrons inatomic nteractionsr:eate olenrles ndrcsult in tlrc innumerablcvaricty of ma-t l t l


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II tcrill objects n our environment. Thc, forceor actionof electronss resporsiblei for those ttelicate nterrclations'hipsoI vitd for thc cxpressionof. Ule Foice.If rtoms thcmselves re divisible,whatof their constituentparts, he subatomicparticles? Are clectrons,protons, andneutrons also divisible? U rc, of vhatarc they composed?Elerlrontt kt us beginwith theelectron.To date, the clectron is the snalles tknown particle. Sincc he clectron s theonly indivisiblcparticle,pcrhaps t is thcbcst qualified, physicafly speaking, obear the narne ato,n Most scientistswould accept hat thereare two tJpesofclectrons, ach differing rom the otheronly in regard o the polarity of its clec-tric charge. There are those, however,who hold that there s a third type com-monly callcd the neutrino. The thirdspeciess electrically eutratand has,asfa r as canbe detcrmined,he samemassas its electrical ly harged elatives.Thenegati\cl)' hargedmemberof this triadis commonly called the clectron, whilethc positively hargedone is knorvnasthe positron (seeFigure /). Thc magni-tude of the chargeon the positron andthe electron s the same.If electrons re ndccd ndivisiblc ntosmaller particles, an we say anythingabout their composition?Under ccrtain,conditions an electron and a positronmay intcract n sucha manneras o resultin their mutual annihilation s particlcs.Two quanta(packets)of gamma adia-tion arise n their place. That is, twocharged particles are converted nt ocnergy, but that's not all. Laboratoryobservations how that the samecnergycan be converted nto particulatematteras an electron-positron air.t This re-verse ransmutations representedy thcreversearrow in Figure2.This rcmarkable ircumstance herebvelectrons re nterconvcrtible ith energy(i.e., cnergygivesbirth to mattcr,andmatter n its turn returns o energy) dl sto mind another Greck philosopher,Anaximander ca. 610 B.C.) . Ahaxi-mander held that all thinss come rom asingleprimal substanccw'trictrs infinite,eternal, and ageless-what the Rosicru-cienscall spirit cnergy.The ancientRosi-crucian and modern scientific rxiomwhich states hat energy s ncithercrcrtcdnor destroycd lsoechoeshisview. I ;ke

r:rntmon/ \o-oI6IIU BISIEllgoto t: llo llnr F.d., ol ofoefrcr

lljurt 2z lra ,aenLt ruratla d oatrgT ta a-tra ' 'crlcr lo onlrgy.l

Rosicrucians,naximander eld that thcprimal energy, tbrough rsne unlnownprocesst s transmuted nto the varioussubstances ith which wc 8re familiar.The now famous quation f Albert Ein-stein,E : rylc!,s a moreprecisemodernrestatementf this ancicnt onception fth e equivalency f matter and energy.tIn otlier wordi, matter is energy. N*;where is this iaa morc demdnsFablethan in phenomenrcharactcristic f thcatomic nuclcus.N ucleou : Protonsand rrcutrons, ccauscof their residcncy n the atomic nucleus,are collectively cferred o as nucleoru.Thcy differ principally with regard toclectriccharge. A third particlq the anri-proton, has r mass omparablco tbat ofthe proton, but of opposite clcaric .charge (sec Figure 3). However, thcantiproton s relativcly unstableand itsprecisc ole in the 8tom, if any, i rctclear.

As the name implieg the ncuttu iclcctricallyneutral. In addition o hrving

TTTEVAIIIY

Efgl:r-t!51

\ / AA, / \* \oo;oilrtc tttc,ru


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Flgure 1: tho ls lotcoavotr los cl foaoae ,oregtronr.l

approximatelythe s,uTlemass, protonsand neutroDshave bcen shown to bcinterconvertible under ccrtain circum-*rnces. This interconvcrtibilitventersrround the electron and posilron. Atrbown in Figure 4, when a proton loscsa

positron it becomes neutron aD4 ca-verscly,when a neutlon oscsan clcclrmh becomcs proton.rProton-neutroninterconvcrtibility sq-gests hat an essential ifferenccbawecnthesc two particles may involve a bat-rnce in the numbcr of positrons rndclectronsthrt may bc presint within tbcoucleon. Thc clcaron; tbc ramc fuodrmcntal unil that males chemisw pos-rible, maycomprischc same undaircntatpa{icles- rom which ncutrons,protons,and antiprotonsafe composcd. Indeed,the basicparticulete uildingblock in thedom may be tbe positive,negative,andneutral clectron. Thc elcctron itscfwould be composedof non-particulatemergy. The ldtestcvidence upportinrlhis ancientphilosophical pccula-tibninbc explored n thc next Mindquestreport*t"*-llbllqnphicwglcstiou q furth.r Edingln rtrp.rr_rt th. cndof Eorrgr:Spirltof thc Univcrsg rrllL EcrnntrryFrrtjclesnd tlrr Eccbourlh formuh or hl tlrnsnutrlionof cocrgto lrttrrrrd ndtcr_to ne6r b s folbrr r al+:2lrfirmmr rrdirtion).rTlr EinCcinqurtlon :mct rtrte$ hrt tlrcbtrtxat, t, ngrrrclrtcd D; rr obicd o{ nrrq I brqurl to thr prodrxtof tttir ausr rnd tir rqrnn dttr spocd f ligtr!cThr formuh tr thc intrrconwnionf Drotontrnacut rorcn u fo l lwr: i p.1+ j I r rnd| ! A t. .:,1 p rfrcrr l Drnd I a rcprr*nt hcTotoorod o.utroc

lcllrowuDtttEt(lIhr ru'thor ntrfullt rppcciatcstn rsbtr*l d Llosicnrbn Rcsarrctr cprrt r{ h tlreprca* dtlb nrnurcrigt

oA|lguro 3: ffir lfiroo rpocfrr oJ rrr.loa

@ otn2ilc

@n/ \OA

\-/POSTrOi [nror

onY{@e?r0t0i rrtcrrc


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Energy,pirit f theUniverse,art IElementaryarticlesnd he Electron

by Onslow H. Wilson, Ph.D., F.R.CVisiting Scientist,Rose-Croix UniversitY

T)osrcRuctr.xs have ong contcndedhatA' positive and ncgative electronsaretbe Sasic uilding locks f atoms.Reccntthcoretical s(udiesof mesons,hyperons'and the "clcmentary M particle" nr.ayestablish a modern concordanccwithRosicrucian eachings.

MATTERI

ENERGYlrrl. EB. frfrffi.rc Jm 8?ljrrr tr tlo rfcrotorn d sa*ot t "t tblecc eacrgy rad doctro;r. lt lew ota'att-t* Jlll.i,,c:tleto loto ffr rrf'' brlrd.t-J. tsclu.t. r. t rt I r r l

ls ons meter or 39 inches. Elaboratcand extensivenvestigation f the'hard"componentquickly mnfirmed thc pres-cocc of e particlc (wttinud owrta!)

IItIIIII!II

tIITIIIItI

Studies ealingwith the binding orccrresponsible or holding nucleonsr oc"th.r in the atomic iucleus made itieccssary o hypothesizehe existcnce fparticles-whoseassmustbe ntermediatcbenveen hat of the electronand tbat ofthc oroton. Such bindingparricleswcreexpelted to have a mass of 100 to 200tides that of tbc elec'tron.The focus of attempts o idcntify tbenuclear "binding" particle oenteredonstudies of "hardcoimic rays.' "Cotsicradiation" consists of a 'bard' @m-Donent and r -soft" component. ThcLroft" @mDonenthas bcen found to bcrcaditv ababrbedby rnatter and to msist oi high-energy elcctrons and P96i-trons (positiveclectrons)whichproduccshoweri or cascades f secondarypar-. ticlcs as they intcractwith atoms n theiroaths. fiie- "hard" component,on tlcbther hand, producesno-such cascadec.In fact, it ii almost unimpeded in istnssaga through lead rhields rs tHcl

III;iIIaI

*r-.--,L..- / \fi

nlr-gZt


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(atd trom . tg) bavi,rga Eass ff}.2mtimcs that of the electron. Thus it resthat the mesonmadc ts cntry upon thcrrageof physics.Sincc the pioneering work wbichbrousht to licht the eilstencc of rhemeso-n, mpro-vcd echniqueshave rc -vealed le f'urther xistencCf a bewildcr-ine number of similar particles' atldiiferins n mass, harge, nd spinchar-aacr-isti-cs. o date, over 100 mesonDarticles avebeen dentified. n addi-iion, a numberof other particlcshavingrnassesn excessof nucleonshave alsobccn identified. Thesc latter, massivcparticlesarc collectively efened to. ashyperons, nd ike their smaller@usins,th i mesons,ar e extremelyshort lived.Like nucleons, esons ndhypcrons lsocome in three elcctrically dentifabletvpes-positive, negative,an d neutral.Fipure 2 summarizesoru basic classesof-subatomjcparticlesaccording o in-crcasingmass.Atthou:h the existence f a particlewhose na*turewould qualify it as thebuildins block of atomicnucleons asbn g b:en suspected,herehasbeen ittlewidence in lupport of this suspicion'Untit rery re*irtiy thereappearedo beno under[vins nitvwithin healmost 0Oknown meso-nsnd hyperons.Nor wa sthere anv obvious connectionbetwcenthese sh6rt-livedparticleson the onehand, and the relativelystableelectronsand nucleonson the otber.

The ElementarY "W' PattblcIn a recentwork, Dr . MalcolmMac-Greeor has postulated he existence fan Ele^entoiyparticlewhich establishese rational foundation or the existenceof the overwbelming umberof mesonsand hvperonsno w nown. In addition'thispi i t ic le may ead o a descr ipt ionfthe r iature f th! elusivenuclear indingpart ic le."Although hc part ic le asonlybecn dent i f ied athemat ical ly,tsnaturehas been so' precisclydefined that itsphysicat dentiiicationmay not be long

in coming.Thc elementary articlc in question,identificd as M, is a spinless ntity of70 million-clectron olts (MeV1: a masswhichcorrespondso approximately37ctectronntasses.As shorvn n Figurc 3.rhcn the particlehas acquircdenoughcnerty so that the rotation at its eguatq

I EIsnas, l to'll |EltasI *ot

(}6ttrrr. Brctst. D'lDat)c[, iEt,lr lr.a-. nc.)grrrt, rttfrtcl. 8il13,

?f3wr fr trb'rrfcalc ;rt*ltt J bcradalrcer. tocl aa ,h. l*t clanrl cqrdl pcrJlt.r,sojet'lte, ot/ soortd tst klot

utains thc spccdof light or full relativisticrclation moiion, this-particle tben rttainsr massof 105 McV corresPondingothat of themu-meson r muon. Al l otber"clementaryparticles" with mass n ex-ccss of tliai of the clectron maY bcregardcd s variouscombinations f thespTnless0 Me V particle nd hespinningtbS ttteV particle. Tbus, for example,the soinlesiparticles eferred o as thet-^eton, thenon-spinninguclear uuk,and thcK-nteson esPctivel)'orrespondto 2M, 3M, and 7M combinat ions. sshown n Figure3, thc spinningnuclearquark (S - for Spinor), and the nuclem(N; respectivelyorrespondo 3Ms rrd9M s combinations, here the subscripts indicatesha t the M-particle s rotatingon ils axis such ha t the velocityat itscquator s cqual to tbe specdof light.

In short, threc spinning M-particlesmakc up a spinningnuclcar quark .o rSpinor (S), while thrcc Spinorscompriscthenucleon N) . Thus,Protons ndneu-trons are constructed f 9Ms-particles.SinceM-particles, ike other subatomicpart ic les, 'may xist as posit ive,nega-i ive, or neuiral elcctr ical nt i t ies, heconstituentM-particle polaritiesof the9Ms-particlewill deterriinewhetber henucleon will havc the attributesof aproton, neutron,or anti-Proton.

Wc no w return o ou r perennial ucs-tion: 'O f what is the M-particlecom-posed?" Although physicalevidence fihe existenccof this parlicle is as yctforthcoming,ts matheinaticaldentificption ctearly implies that it is a basiccornerstonCn the structureof the atom.If its suggestedelationship ith the r_nu-meson iovcs to bc valid, then the factthat sudh mesons avebeenobserved odisintegratcnto electronsmay onc-&yrhow Fat hc fundamental uildingblockof thc atom is indeed thc electron r


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10

oETllrf,rIsI q{itl- ?fdfr t lor

?AtiltrE3ee

alactrflt-Frttfu talt

nss-tllF6r lr tt

tot Lt

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I t

G

a cctr.r8p3ltrtrltrtrt?tno3

t Stl l !6

+> F.rt lc l . (rp lr le i l)

;9.r t lcl . . tgti --{r l| l.F?tlcl. (1!|)

,ig]l\6/t lr.p.rtlcl6 -+ (5 ) Sptrcr (rrlsr c-rt)v

-1 ----r"-) (t) rr8lc6 (protd, Iutru)

?lgiwr lr |llatbartl2 hfrrol ellrrly1 .r..tton+ n'pn?rtct..' rad arclocnr.

Rosicrucians ave ong contendcd. Andinasmuchas energyhas bcen found tobc both womb and graveof the electron,then matter is indceda manifcstation fenergy. All is vibrationlrNucleoorere nrbatomic rrticlerPrcrcd hthe rlomic nuclcur. Tbcy iacludc Protou rDdEdtoo!.&c McV ir the encrgy rttained by ra clcc'troa rr-it passcs hrouSb r potcotid dillsCc miUioo voltr

?0r rurfitr rEruicIonumsty I 0363) Th. Atornk rrJrul lr?ublicrtionfa. llcr YorLLcthiri C. f. (1963)Occtronrn Atomr, ltir*f'Ict YofLIltfrcaor n t|. G97t) Thr l{rtun of lir Ehmcc'hry Prrticte. xtun llolg i! Ptysi $tl, tfiqrLrLS, frr lqtrclIOilU]rTEilIItr rsttrc lnbtult rt?ttdrtcr th dr rfI lo*nclrn larorct Dcprrtlcd lr b lPh.l &ls llur.tiCA


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t1

F. STRUCTUREOF THE ATOMThe commonly accepted structure of the atom is based upon the experi-

Thic s tfie popularvisr of an atoflr'r trdranp, rd it's not tooobJectionable,ut thrr rtbcttr vierrs.The structure of an rbrn b trctty wtut this chapter s about

mental ly supported not ion that the atom is largely empty space. At i tsvery center occupying the t iniest imaginable space, is the NUCLEUS nwhich the mass oi- t f re atom is concentrated. This nucleus consists ofposi t ively charged part ic les known as PROTONS nd electr ical ly neutral-part ic les known as lUUfnOnS. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons inluf f ic ient numbers to balance the posit ive electr ic charge carr ied bythe nucleus. Atoms dif fer f rom each other by vir tue of the number ofNUCLEONS neutrons and protons) contained in their nuclei .When atoms dif fer only in regard to the number of neutrons in theirnuclei they are cal ]ed ISOTOPESand, as such, are chemical ly indist in-guishable ?rom one another. However, when atoms dif fer with regard tol f r . number of protons in their nuclei , they also dif fer chemical ly-- i -e.i t is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom which inparts toi t i ts chemical ident i ty. Transmutat ion therefore requires the altera-t ion of the nucleus of one type of atom in such a manner that the num-ber of protons in the nucleus is the same as that of the desiredspecies.


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L2G. ARRANGEIVIENT F ATOMS IN ACCORDANCEWTTH THEIR ATOMIC NUMBSRThe accompanying table shows the arrangement of the various types ofknown atoms in accordance with the number of protons in their nuclei .The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom corresponds to theATOMIC NUIvIBERf the atom.

FF

usE,r -BlOE'BEF;

-3EJF^ rl3x>ESEH-LFsIIJEufg--.-.=-SBE

c Oa' l9zslEt iRi

?l4lC\l,|ld

l/ ar-r-F-I - I

t{,etc\r Iatallt IqtE jtat I

rEE,

oo. -TfeE

>. ouE3\l"tr8

*iDH8ug

EI

CET

8fi8 8gH t fH'EEG]cC)'(3FGt rSEE=F

sEHFTsgr

E,t=t6E

! rl;FtorxEDi3,rJ.t g,oS,n6,*i3;si iaf;eF -tE =I =f i':$!tSHfi3


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H. ISOTOPES AND TRANSMUTATION

13

There are twois related tothe nucleus oftypes of ISOTOPES ithe rat io between thea part icular atom.

and unstable. Stabi l i typrotons and neutrons in.. 7 stablenumber of

,-:-++^to'yQ6

Zgtrfleare6,{\{lr\z] . a're': ix rcafzrs

Fa4iu'5333 EF-dE;Si;EisE. .L E trig is ;i.$;r Ee!t ; 3: e!r

E;EEE;Eii i:;fff* : ! ;s lF E":EE 3gE;r l?3 E=i sg;:; : ei:i\, , lJ = 0=E;gB'i::r !.lsi ; !xgsE

:i *{i i l ii i ;;ii iE:ig' rS Eri i ' i i$l ; it .c l5s =le.5 c\94r4


20/20

20

The ChemicalEfemcnbof LifrCompositionol Universa CompociUon f tlrHumanEody

HHeoNcsiNeM9Fes

oSiAIFeCaNaKMgT'Hc

1787.94. 53. 5L5z52.20.46o.2,0.19

9l9.10.0570.02120.0210.m30.0030.0020.0020.001

HoclNaMgsCaKcBr

68gt0.39o.a0.03Kr0.0170.0060.m60.00l,l0.0005

H63o 2s.5c 9.5N l.'lCa 0.31P O.2cr 0.8K 0.06I 0-05frlr o.qtMg 0.01

All others0.01 All others .1 Allothers0.t AJIothec 0.01Percentof Totd llumber of Aloms

Elements ecessaryor Life

ElementPercent f TotalNumber l Aloms nthc HumanBody

Number fGrems n e TIFkgllenHydrogenOxygenCarbonNitrogn

636. 59. 5t./t

658043,550rz5g,

1815CalciumPhosphorusPotassiumSulf rChiorineSodiumMagnesium

0.3ro.220.060.050.ql0.030.01

17m680ffirqtfi57012

lronMartganese,obslt,coPper,zinc.molybdenum,anadium'chromium,in, luor int .dlicon.selenium,odine

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Alchemy of Spirit