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ALABAMA ••••. . i
The following lists of companies and their trade names has been
compiled by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and includes
only companies with plants or subsidiaries in Alabama.
It is felt that these companies 1 as a result of their prominent
position in the state 1 s total economy 1 could 1 were they so motivated 1
effect significant and long-overdue progress toward:
- Securing for all citizens 21 and older 1 their civil right +in fact register and vote in all elections 1 and
- Ending finally the brutality and violence 1 bo1~, sanctioned and condemned by elected official's 1 which has consistently been used to discourage the Negro citizens of Alabama from fulfilling their responsibilities to take an active part in this democratic government.
Carefully chosen from the entire business community 1 these
144 companies represent those businessmen in Alabama who have
most abdicated their res~onsibility to the communities they serve
and support1 and from which they derive benefit.
It is conceivable that individuals and local groups across this
land who have in so many ways supported the drive of Alabama 1 s
Negroes for the right to vote 1 would want to reexamine the economic
support they have been giving to these companies and therefore to
the brutal and systematic exclusion of Negro citizens from the
governments of Alabama.
2
COMPANIES AR~GEP_ PV HOME OfFlCE _
BIRMINGHAM:
ALABAMA BY-PRODUCTS CORP,
ALABAMA POWER CO.
HAYES INTERNATIONAL COR!'.
VULCAN MATERIALS CO.
LEEDS:
ANDERSON ELECTRIC CORP.
MOBILE:
ALABAMA DRY DOCKS & SHIPBUILDING
SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES
MONTGOMERY:
WJUTFIELD PICKLE CO.
NORTH BIRMINGHAM:
ALABAMA GAS CORP.
U, S, PIPE & .'OUNDRY CO,
OPELIKA:
J. HERBERT ORR INDUSTRIES
SELMA:
BUSHHOG INC.
SOUTHLAND CORP.
SYLACAUGA:
AVONDALE MILLS
WOODWARD:
WOODWARD IRON CO.
CALIFORNIA
BE VER LY HI L LS:
LITTON INDUSTRIES
F ULLERTON:
HUNT FOODS & INDUSTRIES. INC
OAKLAND:
KAISER ALUMINUM & CHEMICAL CO
REDWOOD:
AMPEX CORP.
SAN FRANCISCO:
FOREMOST DAIRIES. INCORP.
STANDARD OIL o.· CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
DENVER:
IDEAL CEMENT
CONNfcrtCUT
BRIDGEPORT:
WARNER BROS. CO.
STAMFORD:
HUYCK, I!>C.
DELAWARE
WILMINGTON:
HERCULES POWDER
PULLMAN, INCORP.
ATLANTA:
FULTON INDUSTRIES, INC.
OXFORD CORP.
SOUTHERN CO.
WEST POINT:
WEST POINT MFG. CO.
ILLINOIS
CJUCAGO:
ALLIED MILLS, INCORP.
ALLIED PAPER CORP.
AMERICAN BAKERIES CO.
ARMOUR AND CO.
BEATRICE ··ooDS CO.
CECO STEEL PRODUCTS
J AMES B. CLOW & SON
CONSOLIDA'rED FOODS CORP.
CONTAINER CORP.
MCGRAW-EDISON CO.
QUAKER OATS
STONE CONTAINER
SWIFT" CO,
EVANSTON:
CALUMET " HECLA, INCORJ?.
KEWANEE:
BOSS MFG. CO.
OAKBROOK:
CJUCAGO BRIDGE & IRON CO.
INDIANA
COLUMBUS:
ARVIN INDUSTRIES
INDIANAPOLIS:
P. R. MALLORY & CO.
MUNCIE:
liiARHOEFER PACKING CO.
MARYLAND
BALTIMORE :
COMME RCIAL CRE DIT CO.
MT. VERN ON MILLS
MASSACHUSETTS
BOSTON:
KENDALL CO.
EASTHAMPTON:
UNITED ELASTIC CORP.
MICHIGAN
DEARBORN:
FORD MOTOR CO.
DETROIT:
CHRYSLER CORP.
FRUEHAUF CORP.
JACKSON:
ACME INDUSTRIES
SOUTHFIELD:
GUERDON INDUSTRIES
MINNESOTA
AUSTIN:
GEO. A. HORMEL & CO.
MINNEAPOLIS:
MUNSINGWEAR, INCORP .
PILLSBURY CO.
ST. PAUL:
AMERACE CORP.
AMERICAN BRAKE SHOE
AMERICAN CAN CO.
AVCO CORP.
BEAUNIT COHP.
I
CENTRAL FOUNDRY CO.
CLUETT, PEABODY & CO.
CONTINENTAL CAN cp.
DOLLY MADISON FOODS
ELECTRIC BOND & SHARE CO.
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
GLEN ALDEN CORP.
INDIAN HEAD MILLS, INC.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO.
KAYSER-ROTH. CORP.
LONE STAR CEMENT CORP. MINNESOTA MINING & MFG. CO.
MISSOURI
KANSAS CITY:
BUTLER MFG. CO.
II. D. LEE. JNC.
ST. LOUIS :
BEMIS BROS. J" AG CO.
MONSAN T O CO.
HALST ON PU RINA CO.
NEBRASKA
OMAHA:
NEBRASKA CONSOLIDATE!)f
NEW JERSEY
NEW BRUNSWICK:
JOHNSON & JOHNSON
PASSAIC:
BOTANY INDUSTRIES
NEW YORK
BUFFALO:
MILLS
NATIONAL GYPSUM CO.
NEW YORK CITY
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP.
LOWENSTEIN & SONS
M.AHLENE INDUSTRIES
MARTIN MARIETTA CORP.
NATIONAL DAI]l)' PRODUCTS
OLI N MATJ!IESON
PHJ LADELPHIA & HEADI NG COH P .
l' lllLU l'S-YAN HEuSE N CO RP.
HUBEHOTD CO.
ST. REGIS PAP E H CO.
STA!\U: Y IVA RNEH CORP.
STA UF FER CHEMICAL CO.
Ul\'lO N BAG-CAMP P APER CO.
Ul\lON CARBIDE CORP.
u . S. STEEL
WARD FOODS, JNC.
WARSHOW & SONS
WORTHJNGTON CORP.
PELHAM MANOR :
EXQUISITE FORM INDUSTRIES
WHITE PLAINS:
REICHHOLD CHEMICALS
NORTH CAROLINA GHEENSBORO:
BLUE BELL, INC.
BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES
Utf l v
AKRON:
B. F. GOODRICH
GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO.
CANTON:
UNION METAL MFG. CO.
CLEVELAND:
COLE NATIONAL CORP.
DIAMOND ALKALI CO.
LAMSON & SESSIOI>S CO.
REPUBLIC STEEL CORP.
T OLEDO:
ELTRA CORP.
PENNSYLVANIA
ALLJCNTOWN:
LEHIGH PORTLA ND CEMENT CO.
BRISTOL :
TH!OKOL CHEMICAL , CORP.
CHESTE11 :
SCOTT PAPE H CO.
EASTON:
AL PHA POH T LAND CEMENT CO.
E RI E:
HAMM.ER!<UL L P AP E I1 CO.
P HILADELPHIA :
BAYUK CIGARS, INCORP.
ROHM & HAASS CO.
PITTSBURGH :
HARBISON-WALKER REFHACTOHIES C<
NATCO C01P.
H.K. PORTER
WESTINGHOUSE EL.ECTI!IC
WYOMISSING:
VANITY FAIR
RHOVE IS LANV
EAST PROVIDENCE :
FRAM CORP.
TENNESSEE
CHATTANOOGA:
-DORIEY CORP,
IITANDAR().COOIIA-THATCHER CO:
IIEifPNffil·
FJ:DEIIAL COMPRESS lo WABEHOVBE CO.
NABHVILLE:
GENESCO INCORP.
TfXAS
DALLAS:
CAMPBELL TAGGART AISOClATED BAKERIES
IIIVEBIIA, INC,
HOUSTON:
TENNESSEE GAS TRANSiflSSION CORP.
DANVILLE:
DA!IliiVER MILLS
RICHifOMD:
REYNOLDS METALS CO.
WISCONSIN
NEENAH:
KIMBERLY-CLARK CORP.
WEST ALLIS:
ALLIS-CHALMERS MFG. CO.
ENGLAND
LONDON:
COUTAULD, LTD.
PRODUCTS AND
TRADE NAMES
BAKERY PRODUCTS:
AUNT HANNAH
BARBARA ANN
4
1 BURRY
BUTTERNUT
COLONIAL
OANDE£
FARM CREST
GRENNAN CAKES
HARVEST
HOLSUM
HONEYCRUST
FORDAN
KILPATRICK'S
LANGENDORF
LIFE AND GIRL SCOUT COOKIES
MANOR
MEAD'S
ME RITA
PARADISE FRUIT CAKE
PILLSBURY
RAINBO
TAYSTEE
TIP-TOP
MEAT & POULTRY:
ARM OUR STAR
BEST
BROOKFIELD
COLONIAL SELECT
DINTY MOORE
FLAVOR GROWN
GOLDEN STAR
HAM WHAT AM
HORMEL
JUSTRITY-HARVES'i TIME
MARHOEFER
MERIT
PREMIUM
PROTEN I
SPAM
SWEET SUE
SWIFT PREMIUM
TREET
Lo\11.0 & SHORTENING:
AAMIX
JEWEL
JUSTRITE-HAJM:ST TIME
KOPALD
MARHOEFER
SILVERLEAF
SNOWDRIFT
WESSON OIL
DAIRY PRODUCTS:
ADELPHIA
BLUE VALLEY
CASINO
CHEEZ WHIZ
CHURNGOLD
CLOVERBLOOM
DAN NON
DOLLY MADISON
FOREMOST
HOLLAND
HUMKO
KEYJ<O
KRAFT
LOUIS SHERRY
MEADOW GOLD
MIRACLE WHIP
MISS WISCONSIN
PARKA¥
P: ILADELPHIA CREAM CHEESE
SEAL TEST
VELVEETA
FLOUR, MEAL & GRITS:
AUNT JEMIMA
BEST OUT WEST
CABIN HOME
COSBY'S BEST
GOLDEN FLAKE
JIM DANDY
MOTHER'S BEST
PILLSBURY BEST HUNT'S GEBHARDT'S MEXICAN FOOD CENTURY VANAPLUS
UNCLE SAM MONARCH JANKER FRIS CLARK'S
WHITE TUUP · PRIDE OF THE FARM KOBEY' S POTATO PRODUCTS EXCELLO
SNIDER'S LA CHOY CHINESE FOOD FRUIT OF THE LOOM
MIXES: WHITE STAR TUNA MARIO'S SPANISH OLIVES HATHAWAY
APPIAN WAY PIZZA OHIO BLUE TIP MATCHES JAYSON
AUNT JEMIMA PICKLES & RELISHES:
SARAH LEE FROZEN FOODS MUNSINGWEAR
FIAI<O ALABAMA GIRL
SWEET A PARIS
PILLSBURY AMERICAN
SWEET-10 SHIRTCRAF'l'
CEREALS: BOND'S UNION SUGAR STATE-0-MAINE
CORN CHEX lADY GRACE VIGORO
VAN HEUSEN
MOTHER'S OATS LUTZ & SCHRAMM VARSITY
M~FE'l'S . RAINBO PET FOODS WREN
QUAKER OATS sol!IRE 'otNGrt ·· CAT CHOW
QUAKER P1JFFED WHEAT W1t'nTIEi.o DOG CHOW OUTERWEAR & SPORTSWE_l\R
qt!AKER PUFFED RICE DASH AIRM\N
jCOFFEE:
RIC!; CHEX KEN-L-BISKIT ARNOLD PALMER
~- . ... .; .....
wHthcih:x CArE VIVO . ARROW
KEN-t-RATION
FROMME'S FINEST KEN-L-BURGER
BOTANY 500
FOOD STUf.FS, GENERAL: GOLP STANDARD KEN-L-MEAL
DAN RIVER
BOOTH RED DIAMOND HOLlAND HOUSE KEN-L-TREATS
GORT Me LEED
BREYERS HOLLAND HOUSE IMPERIAL BLEND PARD
HAL JOSEPH
DAIRY PUSS 'N BOOTS
MARTIN OF CALIFORNIA
FULL-0-FLAVOR SYRUP: 'CLOTJ:!.lli,G, Mt:N'~ PARIS BELTS
GENTRY ALGA SOCKS: PURITAN
GIBBS FLINT RIVER ADLER ROBERT BRUCE
HAYDEN HOUSE GEORGIA RIBBON BACHELOR'S FRIEND TOPSAIL
KRAFT . PLOW BOY BAN-LON VAN HEUSEN
MARY KITCHEN RED HILL BURLINGTON'S WINDBREAKER
MINNESOTA
PRESERVES & JELLIES: ESQUIRE WORSTED-TEX
OCOMA INTERWOVEN LUTZ & SCHRAM TROUSERS:
PHILLIPS PHOENIX SQUIRE DINGEE CHAMP
QUAKER SUPP HOSE LANIER
RED TOP CANDY & CONFECTIONS: TOP BRASS LEESURES
RICHELIEU CLARK VIYELLA LEE RIDER
RUSTIC. HOLLOWAY CANDIES
SHASTA SHIRTS, T-SHIRTS, MAVERICK
MILK DUDS UNDERWEAR TOWN HOUSE
SIGNET RICHARDSON MINTS ARROW T-ROUSE: t)
THANK YOU MISCELLANEOUS BAN LON
WRANGLEr WOLF llRAND
BEECH-NUT BABY FOOD BLUESTONE
CANNED FOODS, CATSUP: EAGLE CHILI POWDER BIKE ATHLETIC WORK CLOTI!J:S:
SUPPORTERS BIG BEN
CHICKEN OF THE SEA FUNNY FACE DRINK l\1IX
BLUEBELL KAYSER GLOVES CAMPUS PANTIES DATEBOOK
CASEY JONES KAYSER LOUNGEWEAR CLARK FIOilRTUNET
FRUIT OF THE LOOM LADYBUG DELILAH HOLIDAYS
GREAT WESTERN LADY EXCELLO DOUBLE PL.I'.Y INGENUE
MAVERICK LADY HATHAWAY DOVE SKIN UNDIES JIFFIES SLIPPERS
NATIONAL MASTER LADY PURITAN DRESS SHAPERS DAY DING
SEDGEFIELD LADY VAN HEUSEN EXQUISITE FORM LAIRD SCHOBER
WRANGLER LADY WRANGLER FOREVER YOUNG MADEMOISELLE
MAGIC MOTION GLOVES FORMFIT/ RODGERS MANNEQUIN SHOES:
MORNING STAR- PAISLEY FREE-LIFT MERCURY SLIPPERS CEDAR CREST
NEN WORLD GOOD NEWS NEOLITE SOLES FLAGG
PEPPERTREE HICKORY I MILLER FORT UNE
SARONG GLOVES HOLLYWOOD VASSARETTE· MILLERKINS FRANK BROS
SP LASH KAYSER VALENTINE HARDY
TANNER OF NO RTH LS GANT VOGUE HAWKEYE CAROLINA
LILYETTE JARMAN THE V!Ll..I\GER CLOTHING. CHILDREN'S
LIT'l'tE FIBBER JOHNSTON & MURPHY WRANGLER CLOTHING & TOYS:
LITTLE GODIVA NEOLITE SOLES YOUNG IDEAS ARROW • LITTLE WISPS OF WOW STATLER HOISERY: CARNEGIE
MAGIC LADY
' W L DOUGLAS ARTCfV\FT KAYSER
.Ql&THING. WOM_EJi:.2, NIGHT SHAPERS
BALLET MOJUD PERM A-LIFT
SKIRTS, BLOUSES , DRESSES, CAM EO NAZARETH SPORTSWE!IR: PLI\YTEX CLAUSSNER S!IRONG ACTIONWEAR PLAYTEX NURSER FLI NG TOPPER TOYS AILEEN RUN-A-ROUN FKUIT OF THE LOOM WESTERN ROLLER SKATES
A' NR JR SILF SKIN HATTIE CARNEGIE
ARROW IRONWE!IR
SPANDEX SHOES:
BAN CORA STA-UP-TOP ACROBAT KAYSER
BAN-LON STRETCHBRA NEOLITE SOLES
Me CALLU M CATALINA TOMORROW NUMBER 26
MOJUD COLE OF CALIFORNL!I VANITY PARADE MAJORETTE
NORTH MONT COS COB
PHOENIX VANITY FAIR PARTY-GOERS
COTESBURY VENUS PLAYMATES SA PP HIRE
COUNTRY JUNIOR WARNER'S S'<YRIDER SCHAPPERELL!
L>AN RlVER WARNER'S BODY STOCKING STORY-BOOK SLE NDERELLA
EVERGLAZE SUPP HOSE
WARNER' S MERRY WIDOW WELLINGTON
HARBOR ROAD WARNERETTE FABRICS & DRY GOODS
LUCERN UNDERCLOTHI NG: WISP ON ACRILAN
JACK WINTER A'LURE AMERICAN BAMBE RG
JASON CLASSIC SHOES:
BEAU SURE BARBOUR'S THREAD
JEANIES COVE~ GIRL
THE BIG NOTHING BEAR BRAND
JUDY BOND CHRISTIAN DIOR
BIRTHDAY SUI~ BLUE-C
7 BOTANY BAND AID KLEENEX GENERAL ELECTRIC
BUCILLA • BAUER & BLACK KRAFT BAGS WESTINGHOUSE
CAP ROLAN BI-PHASE LILY CUPS _G .:JNSUM--'.!LMISGELI.!'>Nj:_Q]l.§
CHEMSTRAND BLUE JAY FOOT PRODS MULTI-PAK SOFT CIGARS:
CONDOTTI CONf'IDETS DRINK CONTAINER~
CIGARILLO NORTHERN
DAN RIVER COTTON SEWING ITEMS CINCO OLIN SACKS
DRI-DON CURAD FLO R- DE- MELBA SCOT-'l'ISSUE
DUNE DUCK CURITY DIAPERS FORUM SCOT TOWELS
FLEISHER FEMS GARCIA Y VEGA SCOTTIES
GALEY & FORD FERRANIA SPA PHOTO SOFT-WEVE/
PHILLIES
GOLDMEAL THREAD FIBS PRINCE HAMLET WALDORF
GRAND VINO ISODETTES ROYALIST WA>crg_
GREENWOOD FABRICS ISO DINE ELECTRIC APPLIANCES: RUSKIN
INDIAN HEAD JOHNSON'S BABY PRODS AIRTEMP TOM MOORE
INWOOD KOTAMS AMPEX WEBSTER
KANT STRAND KOTEX ARVIN SPORTS EQUIPMENT:
KLOPMAN 1.1\ MAWR COSMETICS BROXODENT CADDY CAR
LOWENSTEIN MICRIN GENERAL ELECTRIC '
• KADDIE KART MAGNOLIA ORTHO-NOVUM LAUNDROMAT
' RENAULD OF FRANCE
MONARCH SANEK BARBER & BEAUTY PHILCO SUNGLASSES PRODUCTS
MONOSTRETCH REVERE-WOLLEN SACK 'lEA SKI SUN LAMPS SCOTCH TAPE
NORTHCOOL VYCRON SPEED QUEEN ::;ARDEN EQUIPMENT:
SCOTCHGARD OCEANIC TOAST MASTER DIXIE LAWN MOWERS,
SCOTCH LITE BARBEQUE GRILLS PACIFIC TROPIC AIRE SCOTCHPAK GARDEN PRIDE MOWERS, PEERLESS
WESTINGHOUSE BARBEQUE GRILLS
SAN TOW AX PEPPERELL GERING REINFORCED
6-12 REPELLANT LINENS: GARDEN HOSE
RAEFORD SPECTROCIN
DAN RIVER SUPPLEX LAWN HOSE RASCHEL KNIT
SQUIBB FAIRFAX
RED HAND THREAD LUGGAGE: STERI-PAD
RYMPLECLOTH FURIT OF THE LOor.·
JI.MELIA EARHART TELFA
SI\NFORIZED DENDALL
LADY BALTIMORE VI GRAN
SANFORIZED-PLUS LADY PEPPERELL
HOUSEtlQ.IJ2..mlEPL!!a_ MARTEX OTHER:
SIGNATURE PAPER PRODUCTS: PEQUOT BRUCE FLOORWAX &
SKINNER BONDWARE CLEANERS
lJARPETS: TAMARA CUT-RITE ECUSTA CIGARETTE PAPERS
LEES WAMSUTTA DELSEY EVEREADY BATTERIES
RICRAC WEBRIL DIXIE CUP FAMILY PI.I\CEMATS
NEEDLETUFT WINKLER KNIT DUR-A-LUG LONG BELL CABINETS
CABIN CRAFT WRINKL-SHED EXCELL-O PAK MILK RICHELIEU COSTUME JEWELHY
.QB.~.LOR£ PRO~ CONTAINERS
P0vVER TOOLS: TARN I- SHIELD TARNISH
FACE-ELLE REMOVER ACE COMBS
DISKCROME GOLDEN PINE SACKS WINCHESTER FIREARMS
ARREST IN DISSTON
CARDINAL FOOD STORES
EAGLE FOOD CENTERS
S H KRESS & CO
LAWSON MILK CO
QUALITY GOOD STORES
ROYAL BLUE FOOD STORES
lQ..AliQ_QMJ'_Jllilj:_S_
CITIZENS LOAN CORP
CIT'{ LO~ & SAVINGS (OHIO)
COMMERCIAL CREDIT CO
MASTER LOAN SERVICE INC
NORTH CENTRAL FINANCE CORP
UNIVERSAL FINANCE CO
RKO PICTURES & THEATRES
PETROLEU M PRODUCTS:
CHEVRO N
f< P M DELO
~ : ;,;:rh : :. D OiL STi,T!O :\S in .:111 s tutes c xccnt the io llowin g : Colo-,W, in d , !~J. n, L), :\ !ich , \ : inn, \: o , :.: o nt, :\ cb, c\ 'Ju l;, Oklu, S :)uk, \ \ .isc, \Vyo .
TE NNECO
AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS:
ARVIN
ARVIN YL
EVEREADY
FRAM
ILCO
LOCKWOOD
MALLORY
MO PAR PARTS
PI\ ESTONE
THER~.10ID
I TIRES:
GOODRIC H
GOODYEAR
8
TYREX TIRE CORD
AUTOMOBILES:
CHRYSLER
CONTINENTAL
DART
DODGE
FALCON
FRUEHAI,JF TRUCKS · & TRAILERS
SNO-BRITE
UNION
WATERVLIET
WAYLITE
WHIP PIT
TYPEWRITERS:
ROYAL-Me BEE
ROYAL ELECT.RIC
ROYTYPE' " , ~: ... : · -r~ .... ;· . ~--.<··~·?-: IMPERIAL
LINCOLN ,
I\1EMCURY
OFFICE EQUIPMENT: · . ; •
MUSTANG
PLYMOUTH
SIMCA
THUNDERBIRD
VALIANT
MOBILE HOMES:
EMBASSY
GREAT LAKES
VAGABOND
VAN DYKE
VICEROY
PAPER & STATIONERY:
ACTION PAPER
BURGESS
BUCKEYE- BECKETT
COAST
COCKLE STONE
DEE PLAKE
HAMM ERMILL
INTERNATIONAL BOND
MANAGEMENT BOND
NATION'S
OLD COLONY
SOUTH SHORE
SPRINGlHLL
STRATHMORE
' . . ,i . · . . ~ . COLE . .. ; .. MONROE
MONROLOT
MONROE SWEDA
THERMO-fAX
VIDEO-f,JLE .
VOICE WRITER
llli?.Y_SJJi~~~l'.PJ..~~
AMERIPOL
BAKELITE
BUTLER BUILDINGS
DELTA STAR
DURA CRIMP
DURA WELD
FLOR•DUCT
IMP LEX
MARKSMAN
MONOPANL
MODULAR WALL
ORONITE
PARAPLEX
PLEXI-GLAS
POLYMER PLASTICS
ROLL BAND
SCOTCHCAST
SCOTCHLITE
SCOTCHLOK
SCOTCHRAP
;•t,
,'
SURFACE RAC&WAY
3 1\4 ABRASIVES '
TUFFAK '
TURFIBER
VCRSA ,CRIMP
WORTHINGTON
GU!!J?I!jQ.~.YJ'J'LI,!;§
WALLGOARD, BRICK, TILE:
Duf1;AsAN :',
;te~:.·Pt;L.' , : ';,'. · • ' : ~ : ~l, ' . ::f· •
9Arbk~;dR.I.P ~:< .. . ' .. ·~· . ·~·· , ,.::. ~ :::~: · ~~ > • .. .
OOLJ> UONQ' 5 ·
HYDRO .CRAFT
KAISCR r[BCR llOARP
DAI~ER GYPS UM I'QARD L '' ::t : :·. ~ ' f .-. ;J.' ·~.
~1~RiiALOW "' ,
NATCO '
NATCO PG!iT
NORMAj'J & STANDARD
SISAL!( RAFT
STARCOR
TEXCOR
UNIWALL FACING
VITRITILE
WOOD ROCK
FLOORING:
BRUCE DURA-WOOD
BRUCE HARDWOOD
KOROSEAL TILE
RUGEROID TILE
RANC H PI.'<.NK
PAINT:
IJ T S
NCW VELVET SUPREME
CEMENT:
ALPHA
CYCLEWELD
HIGH EARLY
KAISER CE MENT
LEHIGH
LONE STAR
PROTI.ANO CEMENT
FAJ3~1_ §.Yj'j'_L]~§
EQU IPMENT & CHEMICALS:
A·C
ALLIS-CHALMERS
BUSH HOG
FORD
EZEE FLOW
FARM EQU!P M£NT
NEW IDEA
OLIN CHEMICALS
ORTHO CHE MICALS
LrJESTOCK FEEDS:
AMAPOLll
CABIN HOME
FUL-0-PEP
JIM DANDY
NIXON
PURINA CHOW
RED HAT
UNC LE 3AM
WAYNE
lU
<tongrrssional1Rrcord PROCEEDINGS AND DEDATES Ol' TilE .89th CONGRESS, fiRST SESSION
Vol. Ill WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, APRIL 8, 1965 No. 63
House of Representatives
ALABAMA BOYCOTT
<Mr. NIX <at the request of Mr. GoNZALEz) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.>
Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, In these days when Dr. Martin Luther King is being criticized for his expressed intention to push the Alabama boycott, let- it be clearly understood that I fully agree with him, that I will lend any and all aid to him, and that I applaud his courage and ingenuity.
These kindly souls who deplore this boycott say they arP. fearful that the admitted slight gains in Negro-white relations might be destroyed, they say the good and decent white people of Alabama who are timidly beginning to favor Negro demands will be discouraged and will again retire to the sidelines. To these timid souls, I say that you are in effect saying to Dr. King, to the Negroes engaged in a great and just social revolution that they are moving too fast-that they must walk softly-thdt time and more time must be given to the whites of Alabama.
Mr. Speaker, these detractors, these objectors, do not say that the boycott fs lllegal, they do not say that the boycott violates the moral law, they C'> not say that this act wfll bring hardship to the innocent. U they mean that hardship will come to the Negroes of Alabama, the answer is let It come. No suffering can match the suffering that has been endured in the past and is being endured now by th~ Negroes of Alabama.
If they mean that the good white people of Alabama will suffer, then let these good nnd moral people become militant and articulute tn the cause of justice. Let them denounce the bombers. Let them lift the curtain of silence behind which their brutal police hide. Let them repudiate the union which has made them brother to the murderer, the oppressor, the disseminator of false racial· doctrii.les_ Let them face the fact that
there are not two Gods--one for the white~. and one for the Negroes, and that these Gods require a diiTerent church for each. Let them demand and get 1cquality in registration in voting before 'the law.
In Ehort, let them cleanse their min..is of blind and unreasoned prejudice. Let them cast out their distorted moral value~: and revert to the true and eternal
.value~ governing mankind. Wh~n that time comes even the people
of Alabama will readily see that in this month of April 1965, the 358th year of Neg-ro oppression in America, it is more than reasonable for Dr. Martin Luther King to voice the demands of the Negroes of Alabama to:
Fint. Call upon industries and businesses to abandon any plans for expanding in Alabama-and if there are no result:;.
Sec,Jnd. Ask private institutions, churches, and labor unions to reexamine placement of pension fund.:; in Alabama for investment.
Third. Ask the U.S. Government to withdraw U.S. tax dollars from Alabama banks.
Fourth. Consumer boycott against speciflc products.
Mr. Speaker, I conclude by reminding the Members of this House of Representatives, the critics of Dr. King and the good people of Alabama that meeting t.he simple conditions listed below will eliminate this boycott.
These conditions are: Fir:;t. An end to the poll tax in all
electi·Jns. Second. Allow voter registration at
times convenient to working people-<ntghts and weekends).
Third. Appointment of Negroes to poltcymnking positions on State boards and agencies.
Fourth. Stop police brutality, and assure equal protection before the law for all ci tlzens.
Fifth. Repudiation of the practice of using inflammatory racist utterance in polit1cal statements.
'
TJIR \VALL STIU~ET JOUR~AL. FRIDAY. APRIL 9, 1161
Lesson Fron1 Selma • • • • • •
HanamermiU Lear~ Firms Can.'t A l'Zooy . .; Avoid Race Conflict ----·---
. By I'ETt:ll R. KA Nfll ERIE, Pa.-'nle racial upbeaftl Ill Ieima
hal created a lei'IMI lllde drama Ulat bokla u Important Jeuor, for Nortllem a.u.lneumn eyein' expanaioo Jlroapeela In the loutb.
HammcrmiU l'aper Co.. bued ben oa the ahoreJ of LaJ<e Erie, made a aeemlftCiy mncontroverslal decision In Ma7, 11M, to buUd a $30 million pulp plant Ill Ieima. aco ceptq eome tax conc:eulona and ptllne 80JIM oUier conunitmenta frvaa ltate .......
cal IOftmment officlala In ~ -. ..., the company Ia one of tbe ae.. Martin Luther Kine'• key target& for a ~ ol 1ft. duatrlal expanalon In the atata &lld alreacl7 facea a poulble boycott of 1t11 product& naUonally by eollege atudenta 111pport1nc Herro demands.
The leMOn would seem to be that a comrany accepting some of the a.ld South· em politlclana are offering to attract new lnduatry had better be wary of the. pool· ble atrings attached. And in light of the grow· ing demands integrationists are maklnc oa bualneasmen In the South. the racial altuatlon had better be e0111ldered carefully aJonc with economic factora In choollnr a alte.
For HammermUI, the choice of Ieima wu made on the usual economic poundl and quite obviOUBiy withoUt ·any Utoucht the eompany could become Involved In any broad racial dispute. Unlike many of Ita compeU. tors, Hammermlll owna no 80ftwood pulp mill and COI1aequently depends on open market purchases for Ita supply. Seeking to change this, the eompany began an Invest!· gatlon of poaslble plant sites In nine Southem staLa In early 1963. Selma was chosen because It offered the best combination of purchasable land, softwood timber supply and water resources, according to Hammer· mill President John Devitt.
Hammermill, state and Selma officials then worked together on plans for the new plant. The state Water Control Board ex· amined and approved Hammermlll'a plana for waste disposal. Tax benefits, amounting to a 50% deduction in property taxes, were offered and accepted. Financing was arranged through a revenue bond issued by the Industrial Development Board 01 Selma·, an arrangement under which Selma will build the plant and lease it to Hammermill. The state agreed to build Selma a new bridge to accommodate expected Increased traffic .
The company didn't discuss race prob· lems or employment practices with the state and local government officials. "The discussions were confined to economic lasues; we were relieved that the race question was not Involved," says Mr. Devitt. Hammermill executives, however, aay they sought advice from "knowledgeable Southemen" on the race Issue. The companr didn't seek advice from ~gro teadc~. who might have tipped them oU on potential problema In Sel· ma. '
ter of the communltr all't Ita people." He waa further quoted aa telling Gov. Walhce, "We appreciAte the fine ;tob ynu are clninc for ~ state." Mr. Devitt "·as quoted u aayinc, "We think Selma- and Alabama·-ol· fer everything an Industry c~ould want. ••
Hammermlll officials contertd now that all their statement& at the conference 1Were made In an economic cootext.. "They -re moat decidedly not dlneted at the mores o1 the society or m,..ant u aoctoJocical lm· plication& or fact. about the comaaunl~y." declare& M:r. Devitt.
But newapaper reporta of the preu t»n· ference touched off bitter bluta from dvil rights Jeadera. Dr. Spike called the confer· ence, "either the height of naivete or the depth of racism," and uld he would nrce some 30 national church group~ to "reex· amine their purchaaing pollclea In relation to Hammermlll producta."
Wire From Wilkins Roy Wilkina, president of the NAACP,
uld In a publicly released telegram to H.tm· mermtU : "Unleas your plans have prog· reued beyond the point where you can change we urge you to cancel the project to build a mill In Selma. . . . By loeatinJ: In Selma Hammermlll Ia approving alld belplng to underwrite wholesale dtaenlranchtaement baaed on race and color." Mr. Wil· lUna said that If HammermiU could not pull out, it ahould ial1le a "firm atatement that there ·wtu be no racial discrimination In any category of joba or In the u.e of any facllltea in your plant." A amilar wire waa sent to Hammermill by James Fanner, national ell· rector of CORE.
In replies to Mr. Wilkins and Mr. Jl'ar· mer, Hammermill affirmed Ita intention to proceed with the mill. The company atre~sed a statement Mr. Leslie had made at the Montgomery press conference: "Hammer· mill has been built on individual entcrp1ise, respect for the rights of others, law and or· der. These are the fundamentals of our civil· izatlon and the foundation of our homes." The company promised the civil rights lnaders it would make no distinction among l!m· ployes or job applicants other than on the basis of abili~, and said it intended to <:ontribute to the "economic health" of Selma.
"The response wa:o not considered anffl· cient," says an official of the NAACP. A second telegram was dispatched by Mr. Wil· klns .on·-March 9, the day after Selma NE"grtl marchers were dispersed with tear gas and clubs: "Are you not proud Ulllt Hammennlll Paper Oo., by building a new plant in Selma, will be helping to support the Wallace .tonn trooper lclnd of government?"
Request From Wallace One seemingly minor string wa11 Attached
to the state·.~~, C<O<>J'f'ratlon: In June, 1964, Gov· emor Wallace wrote llammermill requesting that If the company rll'cided to locale In Alabama It make the ortieial announcement with htm In a joint public pre~3 confl'r·
'''"'" · "Thill Willi a pl'rfl'dly natural rcqul'~t "'"I T g-:1\"e our commitment on it," ~ayll :\I r Tll'\'il t.
h J :munry, l!lM, with flnanr!al :mrl oth .• r ' ""~""ni:"E'ntcnls rompletcrl anrl lanrl option ~ . running out. Hammcrmill notifirrl the n.wernor that " thl' «-nrli«-st time for nn nnnounremcnt woulrl be the Wl'l'k of ]f(' h. :1 . " Governor Wnllare replierl that Frh. J would be a fine rlay ilnrl it w;,s ' :;o ng-rl't~ rl. ThP prl's!l confcrent•e in l\lontg-onH•r·y woulrl h:rn• h<'<'n routinl' l"nmrg-h ("We havr :11mnurw('d nP:.rly $1 billion worth of new lntlustrv ~incc Governor Wallnce took · offire," ~~~~·,.· Prr"~ Recrctnry Bill .Jonell) hnd It not hrrn for• events In S<'lma.
While Hnmmcrmill wa" im·l'~lig-nlinJ:" !':rlmll for It!! pulp poll'ntial, rivil rij!"hls lr:uler!l had been <'Xnminining itll potrntinl "" a civil rightll battlcgrounrl. They fount! n hill· lllry llfld pattr.m of Negro clis<'nfranchisl'· ment and a volatile sheriff, Jim Clark, who ··•mld be expecterl to RssiRt Negr·o prote!ltors in making headline" arounrl the world.
On Feb. 1 the Rev. Martin Luther I<in .~ announced, "We're going to turn Selmll up· 11ide down and Inside out In order · to make It rightside up."
On Feb. 2 the Rev. Mr. King llnd 270 fol· lowerR were · jailed during a voter regilltra· lion protest.
And on Feb. 3, while Selma MRyor Joseph Smitherman and other SelmA. political and buRines!l lcllders were In Montgomery heRr· lng Hammermlll announce ltll new plant, an· other 500 Negroes were jailed In Selma.
For Governor WallA.ce and the Selma leAders, under heavy fire for the Selma llr• ·est11, the timing of the press conference Nll!l Ideal. "One of the finest moment" of my !ldmlnlstratlon aa Governor," declared Mr. WallA.ce at the meeting. And a reporter At the 11cene later 11aid, "I've never seen \Val· lace so pleaaed with hlmseif." .
For Hammermlll the timing was · ~ldcd· ly awkward. "We were fenced In by our commlttment.'l and obligations," 11ays Mr. Devitt. But h~ concedes the company made no attempt to cancel the press conference, not A.nxious to appeiU' to be ducking any promise.
Civil rights leader11 comdder the timing an outrnge. "Olympian Indifference to the great struggle for equality now being 'carried on In Selma by Its Negro citizens." charged Dr. Robert W. Spike, executive director of the National Council ot Churches' Co-nmls· alon on Religion and Race.
There haa been considerable controversy between company and civil rlghta leaders over the context of statements made at the news conferenc~. Hammermtll Chairman James C. Leal'" waa ·quoted aa .&ytng that one of the deciding factors In HammermlU'I declatGn to locate In Selma wu "tile cbarac-
Stung by contmumg crltlcism, Hammer mill, on March 17, issued a strong state· mcnt which might have averted some of the attacks had It been issued on Feb. 3. Ham· mermill finally gave public notice of itE "deep concern with the denial of basic rights to Negroes In Alabama' and the Selma community." The company specifically promised training programs open equally to Negroes and whites. Too, the company gave a rea· soned defense of Its position: ·
"We do not support or condone the In· justices which have occurred in Selma. How· <>vPr. a refusal by Hammermill to lor•.atc neilr
12 .Selma would not remove the problems which exist, nor would our absence from Alallfl~a advance civil liberties. To·the contrary, It Is our considered conviction that when Ham· ·mermlll becomes an employer in Alabama It wilt malte a major contribution toward improving ·economic ' and ·civic health of the communities a,ffectj!d by our activities. We will provide new job opportunities and economt.c stimulus to the central Alabama area which will benefit both Negro and 'white alike and will contribute to the long-term solution of the complex race relations problem in the South ....
~ This statement was more to the liking of at least some civil 'rights leaders. "They have responded; If they follow through on their promises I will be very satisfied," com· mented Dr. Spike, who says the church boy· cott will be dropped. The NAACP and CORE. issued no further attacks on the company.
Plea From King Hqwever, Hammermlll waa . recently Pin·
gled out by the Rev. Mr. King in his call for cancellation of Industrial expansion plans In Alabama, the first stage of his proposed boy· colt of the state. The Rev. Andrew Young executive director of Dr. King's Southe~ Christian Leadership Conference, says Ham· mermlll should put Immediate pressure on Alaban'la and Selma officials "to protect the political and physical lives of Negroes or we will not support Hammermlll's econ~mlc · life."
The Rev. Mr. Young says his organlza· tlon can put pre89ure on Hammermill ~hrough union and college boycotts of Ham· mermill products and by staging demonstra· lions In front of Hammermlll's Northetn plants. Also, the militant Student Nonvfolent Coodlnating Committee (SNCC) says It's proceeding with- plans for a nationwide college boycott of Hammermlll products. ·
Too, the drama may have a rather long second act. Civil rights leaders stress that they will keep a sharp eye for any evfdence o_f unfair hiring,. training or promotion prac· bees during construction of the plant and after operations begin In 1967. They contend. Northern companies generally are naive about the problem~ they'll face in the South.
"Again and again Northern lndu11try goes South and because they have a good civil rights record in the North they believe, or want to beheve, that these policies will auto· matically work In the South, but local patterns work against them," in Dr. Spike's view.
" lt Is v«•ry, very dlfftcult for a company to be fair ttown here," s~ys e. Negro llhopkeeper in Selma. "The loc;l) whttes just w••n't let them. Even the state · employment. office isn't fair. It a company asks them to send Rome men out for lntervfE,WB for a good job, they send an whites."
Charles White, managu of the Cleveland Tabl" Co. plant near Selma, ~<ays his plant mP':.talns R 50-50 ratio between white and Negro employes, but "all the other planta In town discriminate against the colored."
Hammermlll, of course, could hardly have been expected to for·esee what waa to happen In Selma when It made Its . purely economic decision to locate there. · But Ita experience might save others from stumbling innocently Into a slmllar situation. For much aa companlea may prefer not to play a lsadlng role ·m. the racial attuatlon. .. vcta can make thla lmpollible •.