AL-DIR└S└T AL-ISL└MIYYAHQUARTERLY RESEARCH JOURNAL

ISSN: 0002-399X(HEC Recognized)

Listed in Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory under title No. ID: 32489

Volume: 52 October - December 2017 A.D/Muharram – Rabiul-Awwal 1439 H Issue: 4

Editor: Muhammad Al-Ghazali (Professor, IRI, IIUI)

EDITORIAL BOARD

Abd al-Shaheed NomaniProfessor of Arabic Language, Karachi UniversityAbdul Hamid Abdul Qadir KharroobFaculty of Islamic Studies, IIU, IslamabadAbdul Hay AbroProfessor, Faculty of Shariah & Law, IIU, IslamabadFath ur Rehman QurashiProfessor, Faculty of Islamic Studies, IIU, IslamabadMalik BadriProfessor, Istanbul Sabahuddin Zaeem University, TurkyMisbahullah Abdul BaqiProfessor, Quran & Tafsir Studies, Salam University, KabulMuhammad Zia-ul-HaqDirector Genernal, IRI, IIU, IslamabadMufti Abu Lubaba Shah MansoorDept. of Fiqh & Hadith, Jamiat al-Rashid, KarachiMufti Muhammad ZahidVice President, Jamia Islamiyyah Imdadiyyah, FaisalabadMuhammad Abdul HaleemProfessor, Centre for Quranic Studies, London UniversityMuhammad Ali GhouriFormer Professor, Arabic Language, IIU, IslamabadMusab al-Khair IdressiAssociate Professor, Qatar University, QatarNabil Fouly MuhammadProfessor, Faculty of Islamic Studies, IIU, IslamabadSameer Abdul Hameed IbrahimProfessor, Cairo University, EgyptShaban Muhammad MursiProfessor, Cairo University, EgyptShaikh Ramzi al-HabibDept. of Hadith & Tafsir, Jamiat al-Hasanain, FaisalabadSuliman al-‘┘dFormer Professor, King Saud University, Riyadh

ADVISORY BOARD

Abdur Razzaq SikanderPresident, Jamiat al-Ulum al-Islamiyyah, KarachiDeen MuhammadProfessor, Hamad al-Thani University, QatarHasan al-Shaf‘iBoard of Arabic Language, EgyptIbrahim Ahmad UmerProfessor, Khartoum University, Former Ministerof Education SudanImaduddin KhalilProfessor, Baghdad University, IraqKhurshid RizviProfessor of Arabic Language, G. C. University, LahoreMaulana Muhammad Rabey NadviPresident Nadwat al-Ulama University, Lucknow, IndiaMufti Muhammad Taqi UsmaniVice President, Jami‘a Dar-ul-‘uloom, KarachiMuhammad Adnan BukheetProfessor, Al-al-Bayt University, JordanMuhammad Kamal HassanProfessor Emeritus, IIU, MalaysiaMuhammad Tahir HakeemDean Faculty of Shariah & law, IIU, IslamabadMustafa Ahmad Hasan ImamFormer Professor, Al-Azhar University, EgyptSuhail Hasan Abdul GhaffarDirector Genernal, Dawah Academy, IIU, IslamabadTayyar AlticulajFormer Minister & president, Board of Trustees,29th May University, IstanbulZafar-ul Islam KhanChairman Shibli Acadmy, Director, Institute of Arabicand Islamic Studies, IndiaAbdul Haleem ChishtiHead, Dept. of Hadith, Jamiat al-ulum al-Islamiyyah,KarachiMu’ayyad FadilProfessor, Faculty of Arabic, IIU, Islamabad

For EnquiriesTel: +92-51-9261734, 9261761/Ext. 333,334

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Publication SectionISLAMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

International Islamic University.Faisal Masjid Campus,P. O. Box: 1035, Islamabad

iri.publications@gmail.comPrinted at: Islamic Research Institute Press, Islamabad.

INTRODUCTION

Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah is a leading Pakistani refereed research Journal published byIslamic Research (IRI) since 1965 in Arabic Language. It is a quarterly Journal dedicatedto provide original research articles in Islamic studies as well as analysis and commentaryon issues related to Islam and Muslim Ummah. This Journal brings together many oftoday’s distinguished scholars and thinkers, making their research and commentariesavailable not only to specialists but to a wider audience of readers in Arabic Language.

Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah is an interdisciplinary Journal of peer-reviewed research andinformed opinion on various intellectual and academic issues in areas of Islamic Studies.Its readership includes scholars, practitioners, religious leaders, policy makers,journalists, and general readers. Intellectually rigorous yet accessible and practical,Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah provides an influential outlet for original scholarship in theIslamic studies, social sciences, law and humanities, as well as a lively forum forcommentary on current issues from Islamic perspective. Research articles published inthis Journal undergo initial editorial scrutiny, double blind peer-review by at least twoexperts of the field, and further editorial review. Some past issues of this Journal havebeen especially dedicated exclusively to particular themes.

Articles submitted for publication should be attached with an English abstract of150/200 words.

Indexation of Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyahAl−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah is recognized as one of the leading research journals ofIslamic Studies and its allied disciplines in the academic world. This research Journal hasset international academic standards for the last six decades. It is recognized by theHigher Education Commission (HEC) of the Government of Pakistan. Moreover:

1. The Journal is enlisted in Ulrich Directory of Periodicals vide ID No.32489.

2. The Journal is abstracted in Al-Manhal. Through this database, enlisted in EDS(EBSCO Discovery Services) and SUMMON™ (Web discovery service) as theyare partners of Al-Manhal is also enlisted in.

3. The Journal is also indexed in Abstracting and Indexing of Academic Journalsand conference proceedings of Islamic Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University(AIOU), Islamabad vide letter dated 26.01.2015.

4. The Abstracting and Indexation of Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah in ALTA(American Library of Theology Association data based is under process).

5. The EBSCO host is also considering the request of Islamic Research Institute(IRI) for placing it in its database.

6. All articles published in Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah are double blind peer-reviewed articles.

GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS

The Editorial Committee requests the respected contributors to note/observe the following requirements:

1. Presenting a summary of the paper in English within one hundred andfifty/ Two hundred words;

2. The paper submitted for publication should be original, un-publishedand should not be extracted from any published or un-publishedbook/dissertation;

3. Fulfilling all the well-known standards of original academic research;4. Providing all publication data while citing any quoted material in the

continuous foot-notes on the same page;5. The paper should be composed in 12/14 point size in Ms Word format;

papers in PDF form are not acceptable;6. Foot-notes should be in accordance with Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah's

prescribed format, i.e. Author's name, book title, publisher, place anddate of publishing, vol. No, page No.(Example: S. M. Azizuddin, Structure of Politics under Aurangzeb,New Delhi, India, ed. 1, 2002, vol. 2, p. 101).

7. Writer's brief CV may be provided when submitting a paper for thefirst time;

8. All papers undergo an initial editorial scrutiny. Thereafter, these aresent to two experts in the field for their critical assessment. TheEditorial Committee, however, takes the final decision to publish apaper and is not bound to explain the reasons for its decision;

9. The journal reserves the right to change, modify or edit the paperbefore publishing it or request the writer to do so where it deemsnecessary;

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11. No paper should exceed fifty pages, nor should be less than twentypages with each page having around 330 words;

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13. Each contributor is entitled to receive 25 off-prints along with a copy ofthe journal.

Reference from the Qur’ānName of Surah and number of Ayah.

Reference from Classical ╓ad┘th CompilationsMu╒ammad b. Ism┐‘┘l al-Bukh┐r┘, al-J┐mi‘ al-╗a╒┘╒, Kit┐b al-Zab┐’i╒ waal-╗ayd, B┐b Akl Kull Dh┘ N┐b min al-Sib┐‘, Dar-us-Salam, Riyadh, 1417H, ╓adith: 5530.

Books – Include subtitle, series title, translator (if any). If there aremultiple authors listed on the title page, include up to four names infull; for more than four, include the first followed by et al. If there aremore than four editors, include only the first and et al.

Examples:Abu’l-Sa‘┴d Mu╒ammad bin Mu╒ammad al-Ham┐d┘, Irs┐hd al-‘Aql al-Sal┘m, D┐r I╒y┐ al-Tur┐th al-Arabiyyah, Beirut, vol. 4, p. 160.

Articles – Use author and article title as they appear on the first page ofthe article (if not given in full there, then use Table of Contents,version). If a full date is given on the journal, include it in this form:Author, “Title,” name of Journal, city of publication, 25 (March, 2002):74-76; if only a year is given, include the journal’s volume and numberin this form: Author, “Title” Journal, city of publication, vol. 22, no. 3(2002): 74-76.

Online JournalsGueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in anEvolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009):411, accessed February 28, 2010, doi:10.1086/599247.

Websites“McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation,accessed July 19, 2008,http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.

EncyclopediaCH. Pellat, “╓ayaw┐n,” in The Encyclopedia of Islam, ed. B. Lewis, V.L. Menage, CH. Pellat and J. Schacht (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1986), 3: 307.

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It is a condition of publication in this journal that authors assign copyright orlicense publication rights of their articles to the Islamic Research Institute,International Islamic University, Islamabad. This enables IRI to ensure fullcopyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the journal, tothe widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate.Furthermore, the authors are required to secure permission if they want toreproduce any figure, table, or extract from the text of another source. Thisapplies to direct reproduction as well as "derivative reproduction" (where youhave created a new figure or table which derives substantially from acopyrighted source).

To view the previous issues of Al−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyah, follow the givenlink please: http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/ojs/index.php/aldirasatalislamiyyah

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Contact InformationAll correspondence should be directed to:

The EditorAl−Dir┐s┐t Al−Isl┐miyyahIslamic Research Institute, Faisal Mosque CampusInternational Islamic University, Islamabad(051-9261734, 9261761/Ext: 333,334dirasat@iiu.edu.pk

CONTENTS

Foundations of Moderation in the Prophet’s SunnahHayfa Abdul Aziz Sultani al-Ashrafi …….…… 5

Provisions of Zak┐t on Debts and theirCurrent Applications

Muhammad Mustafa Niazi …..……………….. 35

Preferences of Mawlana Mawd┴d┘ in his Tafh┘m al-Qur’┐n:Critical Study of his view in al-Baqarah

Rabia Noor ..……..……………………….....….... 67

Short Stories on Village in the Writing ofMahmud-aL-Badavi and Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi:A Comparison

Shazia Siddique ………………………….….... 125

Poetry of Naj┘b al-Kayl┐n┘ and its Aims

Zakira Jahantab …………………….....……….. 147

Documents:

Scientific Development among Arabs in the Past

Syed Rizwan Ali Nadvi …………...…..…... 213

****

CONTRIBUTORS

Dr. Hayfa Abdul Aziz Sultani al-AshrafiPh.D. in Qur’┐n and Sunnah Studies,

International Islamic University, Malaysia.****

Dr. Mustafa NiaziAssociate Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences,

Nangerhar University, Afghanistan.****

Rabia NoorVisiting lecturer & Ph. D Student, Faculty of Islamic Studies,

International Islamic University, Islamabad.****

Shazia SiddiqueAssistant Professor, Government College,

Jhanda Chichi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.****

Dr. Zakira JahantabTeaching Member, Faculty of Arabic Language,

International Islamic University, Islamabad.****

Late Dr. Syed Rizwan Ali NadviFormer Professor, Islamic History and culture,

Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Muhammad bin Saud University,Riyadh, KSA, Author of many Arabic Books on

History and Islamic Culture****

Foundations of Moderation in the Prophet’s Sunnah

Hayfa Abdul Aziz Sultani al-Asharafi

ABSTRACT

Moderation is a feature of Islam that requires itsadherents to follow a moderate and balanced way of lifeavoiding any tilt to excess or omission. This article pointsout that moderation in the Sunnah of ProphetMu╒ammad, peace be upon him, is built upon five bases:first, inclusiveness characterizing teachings of the Sunnahthat embraces all aspects of life, by governing therelationship of the Muslim with his Lord, with himself,with human beings and with the whole universe aroundhim. Second: legislative balance of the Sunnah, whereinone side cannot prevail upon the other. Third: maintainingjustice by giving everything and everyone his due right.Fourth: ease that was shown in all the commands ofProphet Mu╒ammad, peace be upon him, that required theMuslims to choose the easiest way and to avoid difficultyand hardship. Fifth: the avoidance of exaggeration andintolerance in performing Islamic teachings. This approachinvests the Islamic civilization with permanence andstability on one hand and flexibility to adapt to changingsituations on the other.

****

* Ph.D. in Qur’┐n and Sunnah Studies, International Islamic University, Malaysia.

Provisions of Zak┐t on Debts and their Current Applications

Muhammad Mustafa Niazi

ABSTARCT

Zak┐t is a social activity which brings aboutequality in the society in addition to its benefits in termsof Divine reward of the hereafter. It gradually minimizeseconomic disparities in the society.

In the current economic life, there is excess of debtat various levels of economic activity. Hence the need toset forth the provisions of zak┐t regarding debts.

The writer of this paper has elaborated theseprovisions. He has explained subtle differences whereby adebt is to be distinguished from a loan. He has alsoexplained the circumstances of prompt payment of zak┐hon debts and the cases where such prompt payment is notrequired by the shar┘‘ah. In the main, the writer hasfocused his discussion on debts of investment that are mostcommon in current economic life. He has also explainedthe provisions of shar┘‘ah that regulate the payment ofzak┐t on individual debts as well as on shared liability ofdebts. In the end, the writer has proposed some steps forsolving the current issues in paying zak┐t on debts.

******

* Associate Professor, Faculty of Law & Political Sciences, Nangerhar University,Afghanistan.

Preferences of Mawlana Mawd┴d┘ in his Tafh┘m al-Qur’┐n:Critical Study of his view in al-Baqarah

Rabia Noor

ABSTRACT

The writer has selected the preferences made by the auther ofTafh┘m al-Qur’┐n out of a veriety of opinion advanced by early exegetesin interpreting certain verses of the Qur’┐n that admit more than oneinterpretation. The writer notes that Mawlana Mawd┴d┘ does not alwayscite this variety of opinion from early exegets. However, he advances hisown view and supplements it with his reasons for adopting it. The writerof the paper traces the early opinions from their sources and evaluatesthe opinion of Mawlana Mawd┴d┘ in her comments. At the same time,she identifies the criteria for preference (tarj┘╒) discernible from thestanderd sources of tafs┘r. The paper is concluded by some suggestionsfor improving the teaching of tafs┘r in the light of her findings in thepaper.

******

* Visiting Lecturer & Ph. D Student, Faculty of Islamic Studies, International IslamicUniversity, Islamabad.

Short Stories on Village in the Writing of Mahmud-AL-Badaviand Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi: A Comparison

Shazia Siddique

ABSTRACT

Short story is a genre of fiction which deals thematically with thesociety and reflects its worries and concerns. Stories are the mostwidely read genre of literature. Because they reveal real picture ofsociety and help to understand prevalent issues. Qasmi fromPakistan and Al-Badavi from Egypt are the kind of writers who aresilent leaders or guiding stars in their societies. Keeping in view thesignificance of short stories and the fact that not much work hasbeen done on comparison between literatures of Arabic and Urdulanguage, the writer has attempted this paper on the subject.

Both of these writers depict village life and mostly portray thesocio-cultural concerns of the peasants. Badavi belongs to UpperEgypt, whereas Qasmi belongs to Soon Valley of District Khushabin Pakistan. Their stories and characters are deeply embedded intheir respective cultural backgrounds. One object of this study is toexplore common threads in the rural life of Egypt and Pakistan inan era marked with great Socio-political upheavals.

The effort of the writer has centered upon highlighting theimportant facets of the rural life of Egypt and Pakistan in orderto discern the traits of human psychology and its effects uponthe literature produced.

The writer gives an overview of the beginnings of short storywriting. Then she has given an introduction to the relevantstories and their writers, and made an objective study of theseshort stories by exploring important topics, social issues andproblems raised by each writer. Finally, she has highlighted thepoints of similarity and dissimilarity between these short storiesand has concluded the paper with a brief summary and findingsof the study.

* Assistant Professor, Government College, Jhanda Chichi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Poetry of Naj┘b al-Kayl┐n┘ and its Aims

Zakira Jahantab

ABSTRACT

The writer speaks at length about Naj┘b al-Kayl┐n┘who is considered one of the foremost modern Islamicwriters. He has written more than seventy books thatinclude novel, short story, poetry and criticism. He was atalented writer who mastered the necessary artistic tools;the main purpose of his writing was promoting goodness,virtue, tolerance and other human and Islamic values. Hispoetical works are free from any element of permissivenesstypical of poets. It is rather a poetry filled with concernsabout the problems of the Muslim World.

Al-Kayl┐n┘ was a well-known poet who left aboutnine books for us, six of them are published and four ofthem are unpublished. The published ones include:“Na╒wa’l-‘Ul┐”, “Agh┐n┘ al-Ghurab┐' ”, “└th┐r al-Shuhad┐' ”,“Muh┐jir”, “Kaifa Alq┐ka”, and “Madeenat al-Kab┐ir”. Theunpublished works include: “Al amal al-tareed”, “Lu’lu’atal-Khal┘j” and “Ughn┘yat al-Layl ”.

The aims of Arabic poetry usually consist of:Fakhr, Ghazal, Hij┐', and Rath┐'… Most poets in the pre-Islamic era combined more than one purpose in a singlepoem; when Islam came, it tarnished those purposes andintroduced an Islamic character with new topics accordingto the new pattern of life in the early periods of Islam. Thepoetry of Naj┘b al-Kayl┐n┘, the writers notes, are filledwith an Islamic fervor and sense of purpose.

******

* Teaching member, Faculty of Arabic Language, International Islamic University,Islamabad.