AL-DIRĀSĀT AL-ISLĀMIYYAHQUARTERLY RESEARCH JOURNAL

ISSN: 0002-399X(HEC Recognized)

Listed in Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory under title No. ID: 32489

Volume: 53 July - September 2018 A.D/Shawwal – Zul-Hijjah 1439 H Issue: 3

Editor: Muhammad Al-Ghazali (Professor, IRI, IIUI)

EDITORIAL BOARD

Abd al-Shaheed NomaniProfessor of Arabic Language, Karachi UniversityAbdul Hamid Abdul Qadir KharroobFaculty of Islamic Studies, IIU, IslamabadAbdul Hay AbroProfessor, Faculty of Shariah & Law, IIU, IslamabadFath ur Rehman QurashiProfessor, Faculty of Islamic Studies, IIU, IslamabadMalik BadriProfessor, Istanbul Sabahuddin Zaeem University, TurkyMisbahullah Abdul BaqiProfessor, Quran & Tafsir Studies, Salam University, KabulMuhammad Zia-ul-HaqDirector Genernal, IRI, IIU, IslamabadMufti Abu Lubaba Shah MansoorDept. of Fiqh & Hadith, Jamiat al-Rashid, KarachiMufti Muhammad ZahidVice President, Jamia Islamiyyah Imdadiyyah, FaisalabadMuhammad Abdul HaleemProfessor, Centre for Quranic Studies, London UniversityMuhammad Ali GhouriFormer Professor, Arabic Language, IIU, IslamabadMusab al-Khair IdressiAssociate Professor, Qatar University, QatarNabil Fouly MuhammadProfessor, Faculty of Islamic Studies, IIU, IslamabadSameer Abdul Hameed IbrahimProfessor, Cairo University, EgyptShaban Muhammad MursiProfessor, Cairo University, EgyptShaikh Ramzi al-HabibDept. of Hadith & Tafsir, Jamiat al-Hasanain, FaisalabadSuliman al-‘īdFormer Professor, King Saud University, Riyadh

ADVISORY BOARD

Abdur Razzaq SikanderPresident, Jamiat al-Ulum al-Islamiyyah, KarachiDeen MuhammadProfessor, Hamad al-Thani University, QatarHasan al-Shaf‘iBoard of Arabic Language, EgyptIbrahim Ahmad UmerProfessor, Khartoum University, Former Ministerof Education SudanImaduddin KhalilProfessor, Baghdad University, IraqKhurshid RizviProfessor of Arabic Language, G. C. University, LahoreMaulana Muhammad Rabey NadviPresident Nadwat al-Ulama University, Lucknow, IndiaMufti Muhammad Taqi UsmaniVice President, Jami‘a Dar-ul-‘uloom, KarachiMuhammad Adnan BukheetProfessor, Al-al-Bayt University, JordanMuhammad Kamal HassanProfessor Emeritus, IIU, MalaysiaMuhammad Tahir HakeemDean Faculty of Shariah & law, IIU, IslamabadMustafa Ahmad Hasan ImamFormer Professor, Al-Azhar University, EgyptSuhail Hasan Abdul GhaffarDirector Genernal, Dawah Academy, IIU, IslamabadTayyar AlticulajFormer Minister & president, Board of Trustees,29th May University, IstanbulZafar-ul Islam KhanChairman Shibli Acadmy, Director, Institute of Arabicand Islamic Studies, IndiaAbdul Haleem ChishtiHead, Dept. of Hadith, Jamiat al-ulum al-Islamiyyah,KarachiMu’ayyad FadilProfessor, Faculty of Arabic, IIU, Islamabad

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Publication SectionISLAMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

International Islamic University.Faisal Masjid Campus,P. O. Box: 1035, Islamabad

iri.publications@gmail.comPrinted at: Islamic Research Institute Press, Islamabad.

INTRODUCTION

Al−Dirāsāt Al−Islāmiyyah is a leading Pakistani refereed research Journal published byIslamic Research (IRI) since 1965 in Arabic Language. It is a quarterly Journal dedicated toprovide original research articles in Islamic studies as well as analysis and commentary onissues related to Islam and Muslim Ummah. This Journal brings together many of today’sdistinguished scholars and thinkers, making their research and commentaries available notonly to specialists but to a wider audience of readers in Arabic Language.

Al−Dirāsāt Al−Islāmiyyah is an interdisciplinary Journal of peer-reviewed research andinformed opinion on various intellectual and academic issues in areas of Islamic Studies. Itsreadership includes scholars, practitioners, religious leaders, policy makers, journalists, andgeneral readers. Intellectually rigorous yet accessible and practical, Al−DirāsātAl−Islāmiyyah provides an influential outlet for original scholarship in the Islamic studies,social sciences, law and humanities, as well as a lively forum for commentary on currentissues from Islamic perspective. Research articles published in this Journal undergo initialeditorial scrutiny, double blind peer-review by at least two experts of the field, and furthereditorial review. Some past issues of this Journal have been especially dedicatedexclusively to particular themes.

Articles submitted for publication should be attached with an English abstract of 150/200words.

Indexation of Al−Dirāsāt Al−IslāmiyyahAl−Dirāsāt Al−Islāmiyyah is recognized as one of the leading research journals of IslamicStudies and its allied disciplines in the academic world. This research Journal has setinternational academic standards for the last six decades. It is recognized by the HigherEducation Commission (HEC) of the Government of Pakistan. Moreover:

1. The Journal is enlisted in Ulrich Directory of Periodicals vide ID No.32489.

2. The Journal is abstracted in Al-Manhal. Through this database, enlisted in EDS(EBSCO Discovery Services) and SUMMON™ (Web discovery service) as theyare partners of Al-Manhal is also enlisted in.

3. The Journal is also indexed in Abstracting and Indexing of Academic Journals andconference proceedings of Islamic Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU),Islamabad vide letter dated 26.01.2015.

4. The Abstracting and Indexation of Al−Dirāsāt Al−Islāmiyyah in ALTA (AmericanLibrary of Theology Association data based is under process).

5. The EBSCO host is also considering the request of Islamic Research Institute (IRI)for placing it in its database.

6. All articles published in Al−Dirāsāt Al−Islāmiyyah are double blind peer-reviewedarticles.

GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS

The Editorial Committee requests the respected contributors to note/observe the following requirements:

1. Presenting a summary of the paper in English within one hundred andfifty/ Two hundred words;

2. The paper submitted for publication should be original, un-published andshould not be extracted from any published or un-publishedbook/dissertation;

3. Fulfilling all the well-known standards of original academic research;

4. Providing all publication data while citing any quoted material in thecontinuous foot-notes on the same page;

5. The paper should be composed in 12/14 point size in Ms Word format;papers in PDF form are not acceptable;

6. Foot-notes should be in accordance with Al−Dirāsāt Al−Islāmiyyah'sprescribed format, i.e. Author's name, book title, publisher, place and dateof publishing, vol. No, page No.

(Example: S. M. Azizuddin, Structure of Politics under Aurangzeb, NewDelhi, India, ed. 1, 2002, vol. 2, p. 101).

7. Writer's brief CV may be provided when submitting a paper for the firsttime;

8. All papers undergo an initial editorial scrutiny. Thereafter, these are sentto two experts in the field for their critical assessment. The EditorialCommittee, however, takes the final decision to publish a paper and is notbound to explain the reasons for its decision;

9. The journal reserves the right to change, modify or edit the paper beforepublishing it or request the writer to do so where it deems necessary;

10. The writers are immediately informed about the receipt of their papers byway of acknowledgement. However, decision to publish their papers iscommunicated subsequently after due process of evaluation is completed;

11. No paper should exceed fifty pages, nor should be less than twenty pageswith each page having around 330 words;

12. Opinions expressed in the papers are the responsibility of the writers aloneand do not represent the policy of the journal;

13. Each contributor is entitled to receive 25 off-prints along with a copy ofthe journal.

Reference from the Qur’ānName of Surah and number of Ayah.

Reference from Classical Ḥadīth CompilationsMuḥammad b. Ismā‘īl al-Bukhārī, al-Jāmi‘ alṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb al-Zabā’iḥ waalṣayd, Bāb Akl Kull Dhī Nāb min al-Sibā‘, Dar-us-Salam, Riyadh, 1417 H,Ḥadith: 5530.

Books – Include subtitle, series title, translator (if any). If there aremultiple authors listed on the title page, include up to four names in full;for more than four, include the first followed by et al. If there are morethan four editors, include only the first and et al.

Examples:Abu’l-Sa‘ūd Muḥammad bin Muḥammad al-Hamādī, Irsāhd al-‘Aql al-Salīm, Dār Iḥyā al-Turāth al-Arabiyyah, Beirut, vol. 4, p. 160.

Articles – Use author and article title as they appear on the first page ofthe article (if not given in full there, then use Table of Contents,version). If a full date is given on the journal, include it in this form:Author, “Title,” name of Journal, city of publication, 25 (March, 2002):74-76; if only a year is given, include the journal’s volume and numberin this form: Author, “Title” Journal, city of publication, vol. 22, no. 3(2002): 74-76.

Online JournalsGueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in anEvolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009):411, accessed February 28, 2010, doi:10.1086/599247.

Websites“McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation,accessed July 19, 2008,http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.

EncyclopediaCH. Pellat, “Ḥayawān,” in The Encyclopedia of Islam, ed. B. Lewis, V. L.Menage, CH. Pellat and J. Schacht (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1986), 3: 307.

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It is a condition of publication in this journal that authors assign copyright orlicense publication rights of their articles to the Islamic Research Institute,International Islamic University, Islamabad. This enables IRI to ensure fullcopyright protection and to disseminate the article, and of course the journal, tothe widest possible readership in print and electronic formats as appropriate.Furthermore, the authors are required to secure permission if they want toreproduce any figure, table, or extract from the text of another source. Thisapplies to direct reproduction as well as "derivative reproduction" (where youhave created a new figure or table which derives substantially from acopyrighted source).

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Contact InformationAll correspondence should be directed to:

The EditorAl−Dirāsāt Al−IslāmiyyahIslamic Research Institute, Faisal Mosque CampusInternational Islamic University, Islamabad(051-9261734, 9261761/Ext: 333,334dirasat@iiu.edu.pk

CONTENTS

Intellectual Engagement between Islam and Christianity:From Conflict to Dialogue

Dheen Muhammad …..…………...… 5

Mechanics of Stability in the light of Prophet’s Sunnah:Treatment of Leaders as Specimen

Rabie Lauor …...…………...….….. 39

The Traditions Considered as Differing in Continuity andInterruption by Imām Bazzār in his Musnad: Musnad Anas b. Mālik

Masuda Khaire .……..………....….... 83

Abu’l-Qāsim Sa‘d Allah, the Pioneer of Free Poetry inAlgeria with Special Reference to his Ode: Ṭarīqī

Ismail Ammara Uqayyib ..…...….... 113

Translation in the Ottoman Period: A Comparative Critiqueof Periods of Progress and Decline

Shair Ali Khan ….…...………...….. 135

Legitimacy of Acquiring Nationality of Non-MuslimCountries in Islamic Sharī‘ah

Abdullah Abu-Bakr Ahmad …........ 163

Documents:

Entrance of Islam in the Sub-ContinentMasud Alam Nadvi ….....….……... 193

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CONTRIBUTORS

Dr. Dheen MuhammadProfessor, Faculty of Islamic Studies,

Hamd bin Khalifa University, Doha - Qatar.****

Dr. Rabie LauorLecturer, Amir Abdul Qadir University

Qusantina, Algeria.****

Masuda KhaireVisiting Lecturer, Faculty of Islamic Studies,

International Islamic University, Islamabad - Pakistan.****

Dr. Ismail Ammara UqayyibAssistant Professor, Faculty of Arabic Language,

International Islamic University, Islamabad - Pakistan.****

Dr. Shair Ali KhanAssistant Professor, Dept. of Translation & Interpretation,

Faculty of Arabic Language,International Islamic University, Islamabad - Pakistan.

****

Abdullah Abu-Bakr AhmadPh D. Student, Faculty of Shariah and Law,

International Islamic University, Islamabad - Pakistan.****

Masud Aalam NadviOne of the outstanding scholars of Pakistan. He wrote in Arabic on various

topics. Founder of Dār al-‘Arūbah li-al-Da‘wāt al-Islāmiyyah in JamatIslami, Pakistan to promote Da‘wah work.

****

Intellectual Engagement between Islam and Christianity:From Conflict to Dialogue

Dheen Muhammad

ABSTRACT

The seeds of Christian-Muslim interaction were sownby the Qur’an itself through the several verses that inviteMuslims to ponder upon the signs of the One God of both thereligious traditions as well as verses debating variousdoctrinal and institutional issues. While a substantial part ofthis interaction was limited to the polemical and thusintellectual arena, the memory and impression that hastransferred through generations of Christians and Muslimshas been that of sheer hostility perpetuated by events such asthe Inquisition, the Crusades and more recently thecolonization of Muslim lands. This article however charts thecourse of the intellectual discourse that unfolded betweenMuslims and Christians giving way to cordial socialrelations. Moving from the medieval to the modern period, itgoes on to highlight how many orientalists, hand in glovewith colonial powers, did great disservice to this interactionby deliberately caricaturing Islam and Muslims. It contendsthat in contemporary times, the dialogical movement seemsto have salvaged, even if superficially, a sense of cordialitybetween the followers of both the religions. It finally endswith a few suggestions for followers of both the religioustraditions which could hopefully provide a new direction totheir relationship and further bolster their interaction.

*****

* Professor, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Hamd bin Khalifa University, Doha - Qatar.

Mechanics of Stability in the light of Prophet’s Sunnah:Treatment of Leaders as Specimen

Rabie Lauor

ABSTRACT

People follow their leaders in rightness and wrongness andeven if some people do not adhere to them, the majority willkeep pursuing their way. The Messenger of Allah (peace andblessings of Allah be upon him) duly considered this principlein his call to the leaders of the three categories, namely theMuslims, the hypocrites and the disbelievers. For the firstgroup, the Muslim leaders, he approved them for the leadershipof their tribes and their guidance among their people profitingfrom their expertise and their place among their followers andhas approved their views and judgments compatible with thelaw of Allah. As to the ones he has seen devoted to money havebeen maintained with group through it.

As for the hypocrites’ leaders, he expressed a great reservationin their treatment and a great warning to ignore their mistakesand to guard against their conspiracies. He accepted their wordsbeing sure of their falsehood, abstained from killing them, eagerto seek forgiveness for them.

As for the category of the disbelievers’ leaders, he dealt withthem very wisely; he continued to invite them to Islam,approving to keep their positions after their conversion. He alsoavoided killing them with the legitimacy of fighting them onlyin the case of actual interest.

We find that the common denominator in dealing with allthese groups is to maintain the stability of the nation and toconsolidate the foundations of peace at home or abroad throughavoiding the causes of trouble.

******

* Lecturer, Ameer Abdul Qadir University, Qusantina, Algeria.

The Traditions Considered as Differing in Continuity andInterruption by Imām Bazzār in his Musnad:

Musnad Anas b. Mālik

Masuda Khaire

ABSTRACT

This paper has examined the traditions that ImāmBazzār has listed in his Musnad as continous (mawṣūl) butcategorized them as interrupted (mursal) after investigation.This conclusion has also been endorsed by other prominentscholars. This trait of Imām Bazzār’s work provides evidenceof his profound scholarship in ḥadith. The writer concludesthat a deeper knowledge of the causes that determine thestatus of various reports in terms of their authenticity leads tocorrect evaluation of reports.

****

* Visiting Lecturer, Faculty of Islamic Studies, International Islamic University,Islamabad - Pakistan.

Abu’l-Qāsim Sa‘d Allah, the Pioneer of Free Poetry inAlgeria with Special Reference to his Ode: Ṭarīqī

Ismail Ammara Uqayyib

ABSTRACT

Abu’ al-Qāsim Sa‘d Allah has been a motivating andinspiring poet of the Algerian revolution. His influence onthe youth of Algeria was tremendous. He is also a leadingliterary figure, a renowned intellectual as well as aremarkable historical figure. He has been one of Algerianintellectual pioneers who dedicated their lives to the cause ofthe revolution for free independent Algeria. He is one of thefirst young supporters of the blessed Algerian revolution forwhich he dedicated his powerful poetry. The poet's creativityin expressing his revolutionary message, the strength of hispassion, and the multiplicity of his persuasive style areworthy of study and all these traits of his literary genius havebeen duly acknowledged. His literary courage in support ofthe revolutionaries, the solidarity of their freedom struggleand the mobilization of the Algerian people has been widelyrecognized. His proficiency in poetic art and his command ofthe language that forcefully expressed his revolutionarymessage with the strength of his style and the sweetness ofhis words are all features that distinguish him.

******

* Assistant Professor, Faculty of Arabic Language, International Islamic University,Islamabad - Pakistan.

Translation in the Ottoman Period: a ComparativeCritique of Periods of Progress and Decline

Shair Ali Khan

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the translation activity in theOttoman Empire. It focuses on the translations done fromArabic, Persian, and other European languages to Turkishlanguage and vice versa. Written and oral translations werethe only means of communication between the Turkish Kingsand Christian Byzantine rulers. Translation played a positiverole by supplying the religious, literary and diplomaticheritage to Turkish which enriched the Turkish language onthe one hand, and widened the intellectual, political andreligious vision of the Turkish Sultans on the other. TheKings personally took interest in the translations of books.They appointed translators for translation and diplomaticinterpretation, and in the later period they also established aschool for the training of translators.

******

* Assistant Professor, Dept. of Translation & Interpretation, Faculty of ArabicLanguage, International Islamic University, Islamabad - Pakistan.

Legitimacy of Acquiring Nationality of Non-MuslimCountries in Islamic Sharī‘ah

Abdullah Abu-Bakr Ahmad

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the ruling of Sharī‘ah onacquiring citizenship in a non-Muslim country. This has beenone of the major issues in which people have posed questionsto the scholars of our time. The purpose of this paper is toprovide the reader with a comprehensive perspective on theacquisition of citizenship in non-Muslim countries. Itexplains some issues related to the subject such as: the pillarsof nationality, the rights and duties of naturalized persons,and other aspects related to this subject. The paper tries tostudy the views of the past and contemporary scholars, andpresents their opinions, compares and discusses them.

******

* Ph D. Student, Faculty of Shari‘ah and Law, International Islamic University,Islamabad - Pakistan.