Molecular CompoundsAKA: Covalent Compounds

Notes #13

Many compounds DO NOT form by their charges or transferring electrons.

Covalent/ Molecular Compounds:◦ Joined by a covalent bond◦ The SHARING of electrons ◦ Between two or more non-metals

Covalent Compounds

Molecule: any compound joined together by only covalent bonds. Example: H2O molecule.

Diatomic Molecule: a molecule consisting of TWO atoms. (Ex: N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)

Definitions

A compound composed of molecules is called a molecular compound.

Molecular compounds have covalent bonds.

Molecular Compound

Molecular compounds tend to have relatively lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.

Properties of Molecular/ Covalent Compounds

Properties of Molecular/Covalent Compounds

Ethane, a component of natural gas, is also a molecular compound.

A molecular formula shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains.

A molecular formula is the chemical formula of a molecular compound.

In covalent bonds, electron sharing usually occurs so that atoms attain the electron configurations of noble gases.

Covalent Bonds: Electron sharing between neutral atoms to form covalent bonds.

Examples: Let’s use electron dot diagrams to show the electron sharing between H2, F2, H2O, NH3

Notice the existence of double and triple bonds…

A prefix in the name of a binary molecular compound tells how many atoms of an element are present in each molecule of the compound.

Naming and Forming Molecular/Covalent Compounds

1. Name the elements in the order listed in the formula.

2. Use prefixes to indicate the number of each kind of atom.

3. Omit the prefix mono- when the formula contains only one atom of the first element in the name.

4. The suffix of the name of the second element is -ide.

Naming Covalent Compounds

Practice: Write the names of the following molecular compounds.

1. Cl2O7

2. N2H4

3. BCl34. N2O3

Naming Covalent Compounds

Practice: Write the formulas for the following molecular compounds.

1. Carbon tetrabromide2. Diphosporous trioxide3. Iodine heptafluoride4. Phosphorous pentachloride

Writing Molecular Formulas

Compare and Contrast Ionic and Covalent Compounds.

Organize your information into a table, chart or diagram.

As a class, we will discuss your diagrams and create a public record for you to study with.

With a partner:

Complete on your own piece of paper.

Write question AND answer

Turn in for a grade

Practice Worksheet