ajay synopsis12

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COMPRATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL FITNESSAMONG PHARMACY AND ENGINEERING

STUDENTS

Presented By

Mr. Ajay Pratap Singh Kaurav

Supervisor

Mr. Vijay Moghe

Synopsis

Submitted to

Institute of Professional Studies, Gwalior in partial

Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the

Degree of Master of Physical Education

April 2011


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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

There are a great number of students which are doing engineering and

pharmacy today, which leads to the assumption that these two profession are

the most popular among the students in India. Engineering and pharmacy are

very typical profession that demands an intensive mental load of study to

satisfy the high demands placed. So tolerte this pressure they need physicalfitness because SOUND BODY HAS A SOUND MIND.

Physical fitness comprises two related concepts: fitness (a state of health and

well-being) and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the

ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations). Physical fitness

is generally achieved through exercises, correct nutrition and enough rest. It

is an important part of life. In previous years fitness was commonly defined

as the capacity to carry out the days activities without undue fatigue.However, as automation increased leisure time, changes in lifestyles

following the industrial revolution rendered this definition insufficient.

Barrow (1983) stated that many early civilizations such as Spartan,

early Athenian and Roman laid great stress upon physical fitness of their

countrymen. Physical training was important of their educational programme.

The developed and strong countries like Germany laid great stress to improve

the physical fitness of their countrymen. Even after World War I and II

American introduced an organize physical training programme for the

physical fitness of youth and that continued even today. It was admitted fact

that physical fitness is an essential quality of man. A person, who is good in


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strength, feels superior and tends to be well adjusted. While a person who is

poor in strength feels inferior and finds difficulties in social adjustment. A

person who does not enjoy healthy living is a burden not only for himself, but

for his nation and society as well. Without good health one cannot enjoy the

blessing of nature and human life. According to Robson (1978) physical

fitness is ones valuable trait, it cannot be purchased but has to be earned

through daily routine of well plannned physical activity. Ancient Greece

which is considered to be the cradle of civilization gave new dimensions to

the application of motor-fitness in sorting activities and recreation. Sports and

recreation activity in form of dance and cultural activity provided the fun andalso served as a means of preparing for adult life. Sports activities were taken

from daily lifes activities and became a recognized to improve strength,

speed and other motor qualities necessary to defend their nation for survival.

Fittest is the survival and survival is the fittest was the slogan of those

days.With the growing civilization of Greeks, great philosophers like

Aristotle also advocated the relationship of fitness with mind and soul. He

was of the opinion that body owns the temple of soul and to reach to the

harmony of body and spirit, the body must be physically fit. Liberal

Athenians as well as rigid Spartan gave great importance to physical fitness

of their people. The revival of Modern Olympics in the year 1896 has

brought a great revolution among the sports participants to establish their

supremacy in the world. Physical fitness was considered to be the basic

requirement to achieve excellence at national and international level. At the

end of twentieth century, sports assumed cultural magnitude and complexity

hither to unseen, unimagined and brought about enormously improved results

for both the individual and country at large .


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Fitness is based on the attributes an individual has, meaning what he is

born with or has acquired, in other words through training. Thus, performance is

influenced by inherited abilities (genetic) and training status. An individual who

is "naturally gifted" will still need proper training to make the most of their

talent.

Different sports require different fitness components. During a game the

exercise intensity varies continually thus fitness training should be as realistic as

possible. Training should not only develop the specific muscles involved in

match play, but also improve technical and tactical skills and help keep players

interested.

Physical fitness 1

Comprises two related concepts; general fitness (a state of health and

well-being) and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the

ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations). Physical fitness

is generally achieved through exercise, correct nutrition and enough rest. It is

an important part of life. In previous years, fitness was commonly defined asthe capacity to carry out the days activities without undue fatigue. These

days, physical fitness is considered a measure of the bodys ability to

function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities.

People will define physical fitness in different ways. This is because

people have different body types, different fitness goals, different health

goals, and have different daily demands on their body.

1 http://alfredbas.blogspot.com/2009/11/what-is-physical-fitness.html


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1. General fitness : This concept of physical fitness encompasses

just about every person. It defines your overall health, well-being, and state

of mind.

2. Specific Fitness : This is a more defined concept of physical

fitness and it relates to a persons ability to train their body to perform

specific tasks, such as a sport or military duty at an above average level.

Sports Medicine defines physical fitness as a set of attributes that

people have, or achieve, that relates to the ability to perform physical activity.

This guide was written in recognition that both the quality and quantity of physical activity recommended to the individuals using this guide is

consistent with current physical activity recommendations for the general

public. The fitness components of cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular

strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition are all inherent

within this generalized exercise prescription. This program specifies the

intensity, duration, and frequency of training and it is the interaction of these

three variables that results in improved health and physical fitness.

Body Composition: This refers to the percentage of fat, bone, water,

and muscle we have in our body. It is how we look.

1. Cardiovascular Endurance: This is the bodys Ability to supply

oxygen and blood to its muscles for long periods of time during

physical activity. Building strength in the heart and lungs are vital to a

bodies overall health.

2. Flexibility: This is the range of movement the muscles, tendons, and

ligaments have during periods of physical activity or stretching


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3. Muscular Endurance: This is refers to the length of time your muscles

can perform an activity or exercise without fatigue.

4. Muscular Strength: This is the maximum amount of weight your

muscle(s) can lift in a single movement.

THE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well being where as

fitness is the ability to meet the demands of a physical task. Basic fitness can

be classified in four main components: strength, speed, stamina and

flexibility. However, exercise scientists have identified nine components that

comprise the definition of fitness 2:

Strength: - the extent to which muscles can exert force by contracting

against resistance (e.g. holding or restraining an object or person)

i. Power - the ability to exert maximum muscular contraction instantly

in an explosive burst of movements. The two components of power

are strength and speed. (E.g. a sprint start)

Agility - the ability to perform a series of explosive power

movements in rapid succession in opposing directions (e.g. Zig Zag running

movements)

Balance - the ability to control the body's position, either stationary

(e.g. a handstand).

2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_fitness#Components_of_physical_fitness


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Flexibility - the ability to achieve an extended range of motion

without being impeded by excess tissue, i.e. fat or muscle (e.g. executing a

leg split)

Endurance

i. Local Muscle Endurance - a single muscle's ability to perform

sustained work (e.g. rowing)

ii. Cardiovascular Endurance - the heart's ability to deliver blood to

working muscles and their ability to use it (e.g. running long

distances)iii. Strength Endurance - a muscle's ability to perform a maximum

contraction time after time (e.g. continuous explosive rebounding

through an entire basketball game)

Co-ordination - the ability to integrate the above listed components so that

effective movements are achieved.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The purpose of study is to comparative analysis of physical fitnessamong pharmacy and engineering students.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to get the fitness level of pharmacy andengineering students.


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HYPOTHESIS

There will be no significant difference among engineering and pharmacy students in their physical fitness level.

DELIMITATIONS

1. Only male and undergraduate students will be selected.

2. AAHPERD fitness test will be applied.

3. Subjects of the study will be selected from the IPS group of college,Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.

LIMITATIONS

1. Some students are sportsmen in pharmacy and engineering and someare non sportsmen.

2. No motivational technique will be used to achieve the best score.

3. It will not be feasible to conduct all the fitness test due to someunavoidable reasons. Therefore only one test will be conducted.

4. Six item of AAHPERD tests will be considered for the score.


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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. This study will be helpful to develop suitable conditioning programme for the pharmacy and engineering students to develop physical fitness based on their required to perform daily task efficiently.

2.

It will be helpful to know the fitness level of pharmacy andengineering students.

3. It will be promote them to improve their general physical fitness.

4. It will add the existing knowledge for the benefit of those who areconcern with physical education and coaching in pharmacy andengineering colleges.

5. The study will help the researchers, coaches, physical educatorsand students of pharmacy and engineering to understand the values

and importance of physical fitness which do affect on the personality.

6. The study will help to coaches and trainers to categorize thestudents on the basis of their physical fitness.

7. The study will also provide guidelines to categorize the studentson the basis of their fitness level.

8. This study will help to student of pharmacy and engineering toshape up their personality for campus.

9. This study will be helpful to the technical education board todesign curriculum for pharmacy and engineering students.

10. This study will be helpful to improve the confidence level of students of pharmacy and engineering.


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DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TERMS

Physical fitness allows us to perform daily activities and face physical

and emotional stress during moments of increased intensity. If you are

physically fit you have good physical health and mental health. Being

physically fit helps people to perform exercise well in all circumstances

despite of age. . Physical fitness trainers often describe

Fitness is the capability to carry out day to day functions energetically

and vigilantly by keeping extra energy to do other leisure-time activities and

emergency needs.

Fitness is based on the attributes an individual has, meaning what he

is born with or has acquired, in other words through training. Thus,

performance is influenced by inherited abilities (genetic) and training status.

An individual who is "naturally gifted" will still need proper training to make

the most of their talent.

Physical fitness comprises two related concepts: general fitness (a

state of health and well-being) and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition

based on the ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations).

Physical fitness is generally achieved through exercise, correct nutrition and

enough rest. It is an important part of life. In previous years, fitness was

commonly defined as the capacity to carry out the days activities without

undue fatigue. These days, physical fitness is considered a measure of the

bodys ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure

activities.


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The Components of Fitness

Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well being

where as fitness is the ability to meet the demands of physical task. Basic

fitness can be classified in four main components: strength, speed, stamina

and flexibility. However, exercise scientists have identified nine components

that comprise the definition of fitness:

Strength: - the extent to which muscles can exert force by contracting

against resistance (e.g. holding or restraining an object or person)

Power - the ability to exert maximum muscular contraction instantly

in an explosive burst of movements. The two components of power are

strength and speed. (E.g. a sprint start)

Agility - the ability to perform a series of explosive power

movements in rapid succession in opposing directions (e.g. Zig Zag running

movements)

Balance - the ability to control the body's position, either stationary(e.g. a handstand).

Flexibility - the ability to achieve an extended range of motion

without being impeded by excess tissue,

I.e. fat or muscle (e.g. executing a leg split)

Local Muscle Endurance - a single muscle's ability to perform

sustained work (e.g. rowing)

Cardiovascular Endurance - the heart's ability to deliver blood to

working muscles and their ability to use it (e.g. running long distances)


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Strength Endurance - a muscle's ability to perform a maximum

contraction time after time

(E.g. continuous explosive rebounding through an entire basketball game)

Co-ordination - the ability to integrate the above listed components

so that effective movements are achieved.

CHAPTER- 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The study of related literature is of a great importance to research problems and

many researchers in various field established its great need for proper guidance and

reliable conclusions. The review of related literature helps to make progress towards

his solution and successful completion of the research project. The review of studies

checks duplication and provides guidance for successful completion of

project. Many researchers have showed great interest in the field of sports i.e.


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sports medicine, exercise physiology, biomechanics, kinesiology, anthropometry,

sociology, sports psychology etc. The sole aim of all researchers in this field is

creating excellence in sports . Numerous studied have been conducted on variousaspects of physical fitness. In the light of these facts it has been endeavored to give

comprehensive review of the literature related to the topic of the present study.

Studies pertaining on physical fitness

Ray (1979) 3 compared the physical fitness of tribal and urban

students. The study consisted of 120 students (N=60 each) studying at

M.B.B.S. College, Agartala. The subjects will be tested on AAHPER YouthFitness test. The age of the subjects ranged between 16-20 years. The mean

differences between urban and tribal students were not found statistically

significant. It was found that urban students were better in pull-ups and soft-

ball throw and their superiority was statistically significant at 0.05 level, but

in the remaining five test -items i.e., 50M dash, 600M run/walk, sit-ups,

shuttle run and standing broad jump, the difference in performance of neither

of the groups was found statistically significant.

Mehta (1981) 4 compared physical fitness of tribal and non-tribal school girls

of Indoor Division. She used six physical fitness tests items of AAHPER

Physical fitness test. The results showed that tribal girls were better in arm

strength, abdominal strength and agility but non-tribal girls were better in

their explosive strength and endurance.

3

Ray, Bijay Krishan (1979). Comparison of Physical Fitness of Tribal and Urbanstudents in Tripura. Unpublished Master's thesis, Jiwaji University, Gwalior.

4 Mehta, Manorma (1981). Comparison of Physical fitness tribal and non-tribalschool girls of Indore Division. M.P.E. Thesis, Jiwaji University, Gwalior.


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Uppal et al. (1982) 5 selected junior badminton players (N=15) from different

states of India for the purpose of the study. The subjects were trained with 6-

days a week for four weeks training program included for the development of

physical fitness. The results of the study shows that women badminton

players having significant improvement in 8- minutes run/walk, standing

broad jump, bent-leg sit-ups, but in case of 50M dash and shuttle run, the

improvement was not statistically significant.

Sidhu et al. (1984) 6 conducted a study to assess the effect of hard physical

training.

Female hockey players (N=15) were selected as the subjects for the study.

The subjects were tested initially in weight, heart-rate resting, and heart-rate

during exercise and recovery, and were tested again after 25 days of training.

It was found that with training, the resting heart rate, maximum heart-rate

after exhaustive exercise and recovery, heart rate showed considered

improvement. However, no major change occurred in body weight.

Singh et al. (1985) 7 studies the female hockey players (N=17). The subjects

5 Uppal, A.K. and others (1982). Effect of 4 -weeks intensive training in badmintonof women players. SNIPES Journal, 5, 2:51.

6 Sidhu, L.S., Grewal, R. (1984). Effect of hard training on cardio-vascular system of Indian women hockey players. Journal of sports Medicine & Physical Fitness. Italy:Minerva Media, 24, 1:34-40.7 Singh, Hardyal, Ghosh, Ashok and Ahuja, Ashok (1985). The effect of 4-weekstraining camp on physical fitness and body fat of national women hockey team.


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were administered physical fitness test of 6-items and anthropometrical

measurements. The data was collected before and after 4-weeks of training.

The results of the study showed that body weight and total body fat of the

subjects were not statistically significant due to the effect of training. Total

body fat increased but the increase was not statistically significant. Though

there was improvement in physical fitness components, it was unusual during

competitive period.

Singh et al. (1986) 8 conducted a study on female gymnasts (N=27), out of

which girls (N=12) belonged to better performance group and 15 belonged to

poor performance group, known as group A and group B. Test on

measurement of strength, speed, flexibility, endurance, coordinative ability

were conducted on the subjects. The results showed that there was

statistically significant difference between means score of pull-ups, sit-ups,

back-lift from vaulting horse, standing broad jump, 50M sprint, cardio-

respiratory fitness, trunk extension, balance ability, time differential ability,

angle differential ability and competitive performance of group A and B.Further, better performance group excelled in performance of motor ability,

strength, flexibility, endurance, speed, co-coordinative abilities indicate that

motor ability is an important factor in determining the level of performance

in gymnasts.

SNIPES, 8, 2:50-54.

8 Singh, Gurdial and Debnath, Kalpna (1986). A study of motor ability andcompetitive performance of Indian female gymnasts. SNIPES, 9, 2:1-6.


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Uppal et al. (1987) 9 conducted a study to assess the motor fitness

components as a predictor of soccer playing ability. Male soccer players

(N=20) were selected for the study. They were administered five tests of

motor fitness components, namely, speed (50-yards dash), agility (4 x 10M

shuttle run), maximum leg strength (by dynamo- meter), explosive leg

strength (standing broad jump) and cardio-respiratory endurance ( Corper's

twelve minute run/walk test). The soccer playing ability was assessed with

the help of a panel of three judges. Statistical treatment of the data shows all

the independent variables (speed, agility, maximum leg strength, explosiveleg strength and cardio- respiratory endurance), have been found to be

significantly related to dependent variables (soccer playing ability). The

regression equation developed was = 11.72 (standing broad jump) + .52

(Cooper's 12 minute's run/walk test horses in 100th unit) - 2.06 ( 4 x 10 M

shuttle run) + 4.94.

Singh et al. (1987)10

conducted a study to formulate norms of physicalfitness for hockey goalkeepers. Male State level hockey goalkeepers (N=20)

were selected for the purpose of the study. The subjects were tested in side

split, forward bend and reach, stand broad jump, shuttle run, 30 M sprint,

bent-knee sit-ups, push-ups, one KM run for endurance. Norms were

prepared on Hull scale after computing mean and

9 Uppal, A.K. and Roy, P. (1987). Assessment of motor fitness components aspredictors of soccer playing ability. SNIPES, 9, 3:46-49.10 Singh, et. al. (1987). Norms of physical fitness for hockey goalkeepers. NISScientific Journal, 10, 3:3-6.


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Nandi (1990) 11 investigated motor fitness as a factor of prediction in

the performance of high jump. Thirty boys of a middle school of Delhi will

be used as subjects in the study. Data pertaining to the selected physical

fitness components, that is speed agility, flexibility, strength & power were

collected by administering suitable tools. The findings of the study reveled

that there is significant relationship of high jump performance with power,

flexibility & strength.

Murti (1992) 12 the purpose of the study was to see difference in rural and

urban students of Punjab in the age group of thirteen to seventeen. The study

was conducted on 102 urban, 114 rural school boys selected at random

selected students were test on AAHPER Youth fitness test. Investigators

analyze that neither rural boys nor urban boys categories superior to their

counterparts.

Sahney et al. (1993) studied Nutritional status, physical fitness and

personality traits of sports vs. non sportswomen in Chandigarh. The major

finding of the study were that majority of the sports girl belong to ruralfamilies and they started, playing at the age of 12 to 14 years and 60 percent

of them were vegetarian. Majority of the respondents in both the groups had

satisfactory habits of health and personal hygiene. Sports girls were

consuming more energy than their non-sport counterparts. Protein

carbohydrate, fat iron and ascorbic acid were all in very low amounts in their

11 Nandi D (1990). The Motor Fitness Factors as prediction of High Jump abilities

among middle school children. Jiwaji University. 190.

12 Murti Ram (1992). Comparative study of General Physical Fitness & RuralStudents of Punjab in the age group 13-17" M. Phil thesis Punjabi University P-7-14.


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diet than their requirements, non-sport girls were also consuming low amount

of energy protein, carbohydrate and iron. Sports girls performed significantly

better on Harvard step test, recovered faster to basal heart rate and took less

time in 100 meters running. Non sports women were tense, restless and

impatient while sportswomen were reserved, tender minded careful and

practical.

Mokha et al. (1998) 13 studied the comparison of physical fitness of

urban and rural school girls of Ludhiana District. The data were collected on

404 girls, out of whom 202 were from the urban areas and 202 girls from the

rural areas of the Ludhiana District. To evaluation the physical fitness the

following test were conducted or each subject. (i) Anthropometric

measurements: Height, weight. (ii) Physical fitness tests: 100m Race, 200m

Race, High jump, long jump, shot put. It is thus conducted from the study

that the urban girls are slightly taller significantly heavier than the rural girls,

whereas rural girls are faster running than the urban girls because they have

less body weight. Urban - Rural differences decreases as the age increase

Mujika et al. (2000) 14 studied creative supplementation and sprint

performance in soccer players. Results demonstrate that repeated sprint

performance is influenced by acute creative supplementation but not

intermittent endurance performance. Data also suggest that creative limit the

13

Mokha. R, Anuradha and Kaur (1998). A Comparative Study of Physical Fitness of Urban and Rural school girls. Indian Journal of sport Science and PhysicalEducation. Vol. 10, No. 1 & 2, pp. 25.14 Mujika, Inigo, Padilla, Sabino, Gorostiaga, Esteban, Ibanez, Javier, Izquierdo,Mikel(2000).Creatine supplementation and sprint performance in soccer players.Journal of Sports and fitness.ISSN: 0195-9131.


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decay in jumping ability following intermittent endurance test in trained

soccer players.

PROCEDURE

Researcher needs proper planning and preparation of appropriate research

design. Research design is the blue print of what is to be done and how it is

done. It is the path which is followed by the researcher to reach the target.

The ultimate success of a research work greatly depends upon the design of

the study. It avoids aimless wandering, saves time and economizes the effort

of researcher. In the present research, the researcher adopted the following

research design:

Statistical Techniques used

SAMPLNG TECHNIQUE

Purposive random sampling method will be used to select the samples

of students from I P S group of colleges, Gwalior.

Administration of the Test

The tests will be administered to the subjects at their respective ground.

Tester got help from physical Education Teacher and Coaches. The subjects

will be explained about the tests and demonstration of all the test items will


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be given to them.

They will be allowed to warm up on their own, for 5 to 10 minutes before the

actual test will be administered. A gap of rest will be given before the

administrations of each test in remaining test item will not influenced by the

previous item. Measuring tape, stopwatch, whistle, pen, paper, wooden

blocks will used as instruments for the tests to collect the data.

AAHPER Fitness Test has following items:

1. Flexed Arm hang

Purpose

Muscular Strength and Muscular endurance of Arms and Shoulders.

Facilities and Equipment:

A wooden or metal bar approximately 1.5 inches in diameter & a stopwatch.

Procedure

The hanging bar will be adjusted at a height equal almost to the height of the

subject. With the help of assistant, the girl raises the body off the floor to

position the chin above the bar, the elbow will be flexed, chest is kept close

to the bar and the subject holds this position as long as possible.

The stopwatch is started as soon as the subject assumes the starting position

and will be stopped when the chin touches the bar, falls below the bar, or

when the subject's head is little back to keep the chin above the bar.Scoring the duration of time which the girl holds the hanging position in the

correct manner, recorded in seconds is the score of this test item.

2. Bent Knee Sit Ups


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Purpose

To measure the abdominal strength and endurance.

Facilities and Equipment

Mats and stop watch.

Procedure

The subject layed on his back with knee bent held feet on the floor and heels

not more than 12 inches from the buttocks. The subject then put her hands on

the back of the neck with finger clasped and placed elbow square by on the

mat. Feet will be held by a partner to keep them in contact with the floor. The

subject tightened her abdominal muscles and brought her head and elbowsforward by curling up and finally touched the elbows to the knees. This

exercise is repeated as many times as possible in the time requirement. After

giving the above mentioned demonstration to the subject, a signal start is

given to a specific subject. At the signal start the performer starts sit-ups and

the timer starts the watch. The performer continues performing the sit-ups at

her best possible speed till the timer gives a stop signal after 60 seconds.

Scoring

one point is scored for each correct sit-up. The score is the maximum number

of sit-ups completed in 60 seconds

Shuttle run

Purpose

To measure speed and agility Facilities and Equipment

To lines parallel to each other and 30 feet apart are marked on the field. Stop

watch, wooden blocks and whistle will be the equipments.

Procedure:

The subject stood in front of one of the lines with two wooden blocks beyond


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the other line. On the signal start the subject will run to the blocks, take one,

and returns to the second block, which is carried across the starting line on

the way back

Scoring:

The score will be the total time taken to complete the course recorded to

1/10th of a second.

Standing Broad Jump

Purpose

To measure strength & power of the legs muscles.


Measuring tape and space on the floor or an outdoor jumping pit.

Procedure

The subject stands behind a takeoff line with his feet several inches apart.

Before, jumping the student dips at the knees and swings the arms backward.She then jumps forward by simultaneously extending the knees and swinging

the arms forward. Two trials are permitted. Measurement is from the closest

heel mark to the takeoff line.

Scoring

The score will be the best of three distances recorded in centimeters and

meters only the Best trail will be recorded.

5. 50 Yard dash

Purpose

To measure speed


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Athletics track with starting line a 50 yard course and a finish line,

two stopwatches, etc.

Procedure

After a short warm up period the subject takes a position behind the starting

line. Best results are obtained one line is used as a starting line and the other

as the finish line on the signal Ready? Go! The subjects start running at their

best to reach the finish line at their earliest.

ScoringThe score will be the time taken to complete the course to the nearest 1 /10th

of a second between the starting signal and the instant the subjects crossed

the finishing line.

6. 600 yards run walk or 1 mile run walk.

Purpose

To measure the enduranceFacilities and Equipment

Stopwatch, Athletics track, pen & paper

Procedure

The subjects will be asked to take a standing start. At the signal ready Go!

The subjects will start running the 600 yard distance, subjects may run

individually or they may run in group of a dozen or more. When students run

in groups, they should be paired into partners. While one subjects runs, the

partner likens. For the timer to call out his partner's time when she crosses the

finished line and ready this time to the score.

Scoring


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The score will be the time taken to complete the course in minutes and

seconds.

2. Sit and reach Test:- One more item of physical fitness will be selected

investigated known as flexibility and to measure this flexibility components

sit and reach test have been used to measure the flexibility of the subjects.

Purpose:

To measure the Flexibility

Facilities and Equipment:

Flex measure care with yardstick and tape

Procedure:Line up the 15 inch mark of the yardstick with a line on the floor so and tape

the ends of the stick to the floor so that the Flexomeasure case is face down.

Sit down and line up your heels with the near edge of the 15 inch mark and

slide your seat back beyond the zero end of the yardstick. Have a partner

stand and brace her toes against your heels. Also, have an assistant on each

side to hold your knees in a locked position as you prepare to stretch. With

heels not more than 5 inches apart, slowly stretch forward, while pushing the

Flexomesure case as far down possible with the finger tips of both hands.

Taken reading at the near edge of the Flex measure case.

Scoring:

The best of three trials measured to the nearest quarter of an inch is test score

stick as

Selection of Variables

The investigator will review the available scientific literature

pertaining to the study from books, journals, periodicals, magazines,


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research paper, and available sources of physical education and

sports university library and also with helps of experts.

Selection of variables

1. Strength

2. Speed

3. Endurance

4.Flexibility

5. Coordinative abilities

Experimental Design

The subjects chosen for this study will be divided into two groups at random.

The pre and post test random group design is use for analysis of the data.

Statistical technique

In this study there are two dependent variable namely health related

physical fitness.

Dependent T-test/ 0.05 level of significance.


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