Manual Process Model( 1950’s)

The oldest and most traditional form of accounting systems. It can be vaguely

explained as the physical task of record keeping.

Flat-file Model (1960’s)

The flat-file model describes a business environment where the other files of the organization and the individual files of

the users are not related.

Database Model (1980’s)

The database model was madeto overcome the limitations of the flat file model. This approach integrates

the organization’s data into one common database that is

shared by every other user.

REA Model(Resource Events Agents Model) (1990’s)

REA treats the accounting system as a virtual representation of the actual business.

In other words, it creates computer objects that directly represent real-world-business objects.

ERP Model ( Enterprise Resource Planning System Model) (2000’s)

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is business management software—not typically a suite of integrated applications—that a

company can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data

from many business activities.

Advantages1. Easy to understand.2. Easy to implement.

Disadvantages1. Less security easy to

extract information.2. Data Inconsistency

Advantages1. Simple2. Cost-friendly

Disadvantages1. Inconsistency in data

entry, room for errors, miskeying information.

2. Large ongoing staff training cost.

Advantages1. Reduced data

redundancy2. Reduced updating

errors and increased consistency

Disadvantages1. Database systems are

complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design

2. Substantial hardware and software start-up costs

Advantages1. more efficient

operations 2. increased

productivity through the elimination

Disadvantages1. Encounters problems in

balancing dual events.2. Does not provide

explicit direction.

Advantages1. Complete visibility 2. Automatic and coherent workflow from one department/function to another

Disadvantages1. Costly2. ERP deployments are highly time-consuming

Evolution of Informatio

n Syste

ms Model

Source image: McMullin, Paul. (2015, April 13). "Poultry Health Monitoring -Computers." Retrieved from Poultry Health Monitoring - Benefits of Computerised Systems website: http://www.poultry-health.com/library/vetcomputing/wpsa97co.htm

Source image: U.S. Department of Transportation . (2001, August). “Flat File Model.jpg” Retrieved from the Wikimedia.org website: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flat_File_Model.jpg

Source image: McCarthy, W.E., & Andersen, A., “Semantic Modeling in Accounting Education, Practice, and Research: Some Progress and Impediments.” Retrieved from the msu.edu website: https://www.msu.edu/user/mccarth4/chen-con.html

Source image: Liissa, Auer. “Database Design and SystemDesign.” Retrieved from the Virtuaali Ammattikorkeakkoulu website: http://www2.amk.fi/digma.fi/www.amk.fi/opintojaksot/0303011/1146161367915/1146161680673/1146161836562/1146161929756.html

Source image: Yeung , Shing Hin. (2013, August 25). “Enterprise Resource Planning.” Retrieved from the Wikipedia.org website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planningen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning

Accounting 17.2—Group 3 ACAApril 14, 2015Estrada, PhoebeLuyahan, MarvinMabuylay, Mary (Leader)Masayon, SharmaneOng, Noe

References:Definitions sources:Madeira, V. (2014, October 15). “The Evolution of Information System Models.” Electronic reference pdf file. Retrieved from Academia.edu website: http://www.academia.edu/8789997/The_evolution_of_information_system_models