AIRPORT

REQUIRED SPACES:

Directors office (20sq.m) Airline AdministrationATO Office (air terminal officer)Station AdministrationAccounting and CashierOperations (Load control)Crew BriefingStaff restroom (diff)Staff Lounge (diff) Airline Office (30sq.m) Concessionaire and Amenities (15sq.m/shop)RestaurantShopsLost and found station Costumer serviceToiletBankTelephone Weight inspection counter Loggage Room (for forgot or lost baggage) Freight room Lounging Area Flight Control RoomCommunication towerEquipment roomLounge, officeOthers:Greeters AreaComfort RoomsWeight InspectionPhone BoothsCheck in counter with scannerArrival loungeStaffs loungeQuarantine

(By: Paul P. Bollinger, Jr., World Book Encyclopedia 2010 edition. Page 242-249)

Airport resemble small cities, have hotels, restaurants, banks, post office and shops as well as Their own police force Fire department Medical facilities

These services and facilities are important and useful for passengers and employees of an airport. In addition, some of them help produce the income necessary for the airport to operate successfully. During lengthy flight delay or emergencies, these services can become vital.

AIRPORT FACILITIES:

Depend on the size of the community it serves The area of land it covers Type of air service it provides

PASSENGER TERMINALPassengers begin and end their flights at the passenger terminal.

Airline TicketDeparting passengers purchase tickets, have their tickets checked, and receive boarding (passage) passes.

Airplanes Cargo HoldWhere passengers can leave their baggage to be loaded into the airplanes cargo hold.

Loudspeakers, flight monitor and electronic message boards announce flight arrivals and departures

Boarding LoungesProvide seats for waiting travelers and airline crews.GatesWhere passengers board and leave aircraft from openings called gates

Boarding bridge / (Jet way)At most range airports, an enclosed walkway connects the terminal gate with the aircraft during boarding.

Many activities in the passenger terminal take place behind the walls or under the floor, these activities includes: Transport of baggage And cargos from the ticket counter to the aircraft Airlines maintain offices in these areas

Briefing RoomEach airline has a briefing room where pilots receive flight information. The briefing room includes a dispatching office which handles communications with the airlines operation center and with its airplanes, both on the ground and in flight.

HangarAre buildings in which aircraft are stored and repaired. Most airlines have their own hangar.

Most airports locate hangars far enough from the terminal building to avoid interference with air traffic on the ground.

CONTROL TOWER

Air traffic nerve center. In the tower, air traffic controllers use radars, radio, signal, lights and other equipment to direct air traffic near the airport as well as movements of aircraft on the ground. Large tinted windows enable controllers to see all the aircraft in motion at the airport. Some control towers are more than 200 ft. (6m) tall.

Operation In the control tower, the air traffic controllers guide aircrafts as they: Land Takeoff and taxi The controllers see that the traffic keeps moving smoothly, rapidly and safely. Their job becomes especially difficult when fog or other weather conditions reduce visibility. Traffic patterns:Planes approach or depart on assigned routes called traffic patterns. Instruments in aircraft cockpits electronically display an airports traffic patterns for pilots to follow.

When necessary, a pilot can safely fly without instruments if the weather is clear enough to see other aircraft and airport.

The control tower has several types of electronic all-weather landing equipment to bring planes down safely. Most commercial airport has an electronic aid called ILS (Instrument Landing System).

ILS (Instrument Landing System)It sends radio signals to receivers on an airplane which show the pilot whether the plane is to the left, right, above, below or directly on the correct approach path to the airport.

Other navigation aids include: ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar) GPS (Global Positioning System) MLS (Microwave Landing System)

ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)Gives traffic controller a view of all aircraft activity within about 50 miles (80km) of the Airport. The information help controllers prevent midair collision by choosing the safest route for pilots to follow.

GPS (Global Positioning System)Uses a network of navigation satellites to enable pilots anywhere on earth to determine their location. These satellites send out radio signals that are picked up by receivers on the aircraft.The GPS equipment can compute an aircrafts position, speed and time every second. The system bases the calculation on the distances between the satellites and the receiver.

MLS (Microwave Landing System)Is a precision landing and similar to the ILS. The MLS provides the pilot with additional information to select the most appropriate approach path for each type of aircraft.

THE RUNWAY

Considerations:-measurements-safety

Must be long enough and wide enough to handle the largest planes using the airport. They must be levels as possible.However, runways slope slightly from the centers towards each side to provide good DRAINAGE.

A government body usually sets minimum runway lengths for different types of aircrafts. Many small airports use only strips of mowed glass called Landing Strips.Some of these strips are only 2,000-2,500 ft. (610-760 m.) long. The runways of large airports are paved with concrete or asphalt. These runways must have a clear zone at each end to give aircraft additional space to take off and land as nearly as possible into the wind.

At night and other periods of low visibility, white lights outline each runway and green lights mark the beginning of a runway. Red and white approach lights shine just in front of the area where a plane should touch down.

LOADING APRONS AND TAXIWAYS

The aircraft parking area at the gates of the passenger terminal is called a LOADING APRON or TARMAC Although the word tarmac originally referred to a paving material made of crushed rode and tars, the apron is actually made of concrete or asphalt because these materials BETTER RESIST DAMAGE from heat and fuel leaks. While an airplane is on the apron. Workers refuel it and load baggage, cargo and meals for the passengers. The crew and passengers board airplanes on the landing apron. A small airport may serve only 1 or 2 aircraft on the apron at one time. Large airports may accommodate more than 100 planes at ones.

Aircraft use lanes called Taxiways

On taxi from the apron to the runways and from runways to the hangar.At night, taxiways are marked with blue lights. Red lights are used to mark any barriers or other DANGER.

GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND PARKINGLarge airports provide roadways alongside the terminal buildings where airport buses, hotel vans, private automobiles, limousines, and taxis can pick up and drop off passengers. Some airports are connected to the city center by light rail systems or subways.

All airports maintain parking facilitiesMost large airports have multistory parking garages, which can take less land than parking lots do to hold the same number of cars. Parking provides a major source of revenue for many airports.

OTHER AIRPORT OPERATIONS

Airport manager and the management staff Direct the maintenance, operation and safety of the entire airport.

The management staff at a large airport is divided into several departments such as: Administration Finance S I maintenance Planning Engineering Safety Security Public affairs

Airport operate like a business Airport rent space to airlines for offices, check-in counters and baggage areas In addition, airports give leases to: Restaurant Gift shops Hotels and Car rental agencies

The leases provide revenue to pay for the operation and development of an airport. In addition, the airport receives income from parking lots, telephones and advertisements in the terminal and landing fees paid by the airlines.

Airline Passenger Services

Ticket Counter Employees from that sell tickets, check in passengers who already have tickets and provide information about the times and gates for the flight arrivals and departures.

Print boarding passes and baggage tags

ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)

A specialized agency of the United Nations, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was created in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world. It sets standards and regulations necessary for aviation safety, security, efficiency and regularity, as well as for aviation environmental protection. The Organization serves as the forum for cooperation in all fields of civil aviation among its 191 Member States.

(Source: http://www.icao.int/Pages/default.aspx)

PIATA (Philippine International Air Transport Association)

It is an organization of all IATA Travel Agent in the Philippines. PIATA agents uphold the finest standards of accountability to the Bank Settlement Plan of IATA, the International Air Transport Association which regulates a worldwide aggregation of airlines, passenger sales agents, and cargo agents. All members are linked by adherence to stringent rules governing passenger and cargo travel.

(source:http://www.piata.com.ph/home/index)

CAAP (Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines)Classify the airports owned by the National Government

The Philippines Civil Aithority formerly Air Transport Office, abbreviated as CAAP, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Transportation and Communications. It is the national aviation authority of the Philippines, responsible for implementing policies on civil aviation to assure safe, economic and efficient air travel.

Three classes of airports exist in the Philippines: International airports principal airports and community airports

Airports in the Philippines have used two different types of classification:

one previously by the Air Transportation Office (ATO) and

another being used by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), the successor body to the ATO.

ATO (Air Transport Office)CLASSIFICATION OF AIRPORTS:ATO SYSTEM

Former airport classification under the ATO's system. The old ATO system divided airports into five classifications under two broad categories: international and domestic airports.

These two broad categories were further divided into the following airport types:Primary international airports are the primary international gateways into the Philippines.

Secondary international airports are airports that are capable of handling international flights but are not designated as primary international gateways. These airports may or may not service actual international flights and may or may not have active customs and immigration facilities.

Trunkline airports or major commercial domestic airports are domestic airports in major cities around the Philippines that are capable of supporting large aircraft. These are, in most cases, the only domestic airports with an instrument landing system.

Secondary airports or minor commercial domestic airports are domestic airports in smaller cities and municipalities usually capable of handling smaller propeller aircraft. Some airports in this classification are capable of supporting jet aircraft. However, these airports are only open from sunrise until sunset, usually requiring notification of airport authorities if nighttime landing is a necessity. Feeder airports are domestic airports capable only of handling small propeller aircraft. Many of these airports are small airstrips serving far-flung islands.

CAAP system

The new CAAP system revises the previous ATO system, while maintaining the current classification of airports into international and domestic airports. The change was made pursuant to the Philippine Transport Strategic Study and the 1992 Civil Aviation Master Plan. The new system rationalizes the system of airport classification, represented by the following types:

International airports are airports capable of handling international flights. Airports in this category include airports that currently have or have previously served international destinations. There are currently ten airports in this category, including all primary international airports, most secondary international airports, and Puerto Princesa Airport and Kalibo Airport, both trunkline and secondary airports, respectively.

Principal airports or domestic airports are airports that only serve domestic destinations. There are two types:

Class 1 principal airports are airports capable of serving jet aircraft with a capacity of at least 100 seats. Most airports previously classified as trunkline airports, as well as some secondary airports, are placed in this category. One former secondary international airports the Bacolod-Silay Airport is also in this category.

Class 2 principal airports are airports capable of serving propeller aircraft with a capacity of at least 19 seats. Loakan Airport in Baguio City, previously a trunkline airport, some secondary airports, and Godofredo P. Ramos Airport in Malay, Aklan; Camiguin Airport, Cuyo Airport and Sayak Airport in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte (on Siargao Island), all feeder airports, are in this category.

Community airports are airports that are used primarily for general aviation. Most feeder airports are in this category and only three airports: Cauayan Airport, Labo Airport in Ozamiz City and San Fernando Airport in La Union, all former secondary airports, have regular air service.

(source: http://www.caap.gov.ph/)