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Go-Around Procedure
Presented byCapt. David Owens / Senior Director Flight Crew Training Policy
Flight Instructor Seminar / Miami, May 24th and 25th, 2011
May 2011FIS 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Content
• Introduction
• Go-Around Preparation
• Why Go Around?
• Correct Go-around – how?
• Conclusions
May 2011FIS 2011
2
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Introduction
• Go-around: an essential safety manoeuvre for all pilots• However, we have seen several examples where a safe go-around was
not achieved so we must review the go-around….• We regularly practiced in the simulator but often with engine failure
and often from minima• By contrast, most real-world go-arounds are
• Light weight/High thrust/From any other point on the approach• Pilots must be familiar and confident with all aspects of the
go-around manoeuvre
May 2011FIS 2011
3
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Content
• Introduction
• Go-Around Preparation
• Why Go Around?
• Correct Go-around – how?
• Conclusions
May 2011FIS 2011
4
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Go-Around Preparation
• Essential and normal part of approach preparation:Check and brief the missed approach
May 2011FIS 2011
5
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Content
• Introduction
• Go-Around Preparation
• Why Go Around?
• Correct Go-around – how?
• Conclusions
May 2011FIS 2011
6
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Why Go Around?
If :• The approach is not properly stabilized • You have doubts about your situational awareness• A malfunction occurs• Adequate visual cues are not obtained at minima• Any GPWS/TCAS or wind-shear alert occurs
!THEN, APPLY THE
GO-AROUND PROCEDURE
May 2011FIS 2011
7
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Content
• Introduction
• Go-Around Preparation
• Why Go Around?
• Correct Go-around - how?
• Conclusions
May 2011FIS 2011
8
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Correct Go-around - how?
PF announces “Go-around… Flaps!” and simultaneously…• Sets TOGA thrust
May 2011FIS 2011
9
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Correct Go-around - how?
PF announces “Go-around… Flaps!” and simultaneously…• Sets TOGA thrust• If in manual flight, rotate to the go-around pitch target
May 2011FIS 2011
10
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Correct Go-around - how?
PF announces “Go-around… Flaps!” and simultaneously…• Sets TOGA thrust• If in manual flight, rotates to the go-around pitch target• Or monitors AP response
May 2011FIS 2011
11
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Correct Go-around - how?
PF announces “Go-around… Flaps!” and simultaneously…• Sets TOGA thrust• If in manual flight, rotates to the go-around pitch target• Or monitors AP response• Checks FMA
May 2011FIS 2011
12
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Correct Go-around - how?
•Pitch?
May 2011FIS 2011
13
A32015 o
A38012.5 o
A320Single Engine
12.5 o
Know your pitch target and fly it!
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Possible pilot reactionbased on illusion
Why is pitch so important?
During a manual go-around, if the requiredpitch is not reached or maintained
• Linear acceleration will result,• This may cause a, “false climb illusion”
May 2011FIS 2011
14
Fly the correct pitch
Pilot illusion
Actual
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Why is pitch so important?
May 2011FIS 2011
15
• During a manual go-around, if the correct pitch attitude is not maintained,
- The aircraft will accelerate towards the flap limit- There is NO speed protection when the A/THR is blue,
i.e. not active
Maintain the correct pitch attitudeNOTE: SPEED REFERENCE SYSTEM (SRS) pitch orders, when followed accurately, should ensure that the aircraft remains at the
correct speed during the go-around
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Role of PNF/PM
May 2011FIS 2011
16
• The PNF must make callouts if flight parameters deviate from standard / safe values.
- To enhance PF’s awareness of the situation- To trigger a corrective action by the PF
“PITCH!”
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Correct Go-around - how?
• PNF retracts one step of FLAPS
May 2011FIS 2011
17
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Correct Go-around - how?
• PF orders “Gear up!”, when positive climb is confirmed
May 2011FIS 2011
18
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
THRUST REDUCTION ALTITUDE
ACCELERATION ALTITUDE
FLAPS retract 1 step
THR leversCLB
-F Flaps 1
THR levers TOGA
L/G UP
-Green Dot
-S Flaps 0
Correct Go-around - how?
• When reaching thrust reduction altitude
May 2011FIS 2011
19
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Rapid ALT* engagement – with autopilot
May 2011FIS 2011
20
• Rapid sequence of events with early capture of altitude (ALT*) - Go-around initiated close to the selected FCU altitude- High rate of climb
• As soon as ALT* engages:- The autopilot lowers the aircraft pitch and the aircraft accelerates
without any A/THR protections (A/THR blue)- “LVR CLB” flashes on FMA- THR LVRs must be set from TOGA to CL detent without delay to
activate the A/THR- This enables A/THR protections
- Providing flap overspeedprotection
Set THR LVRs from TOGA to CL detent without delay
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Correct Go-around - how?
Notes on lateral guidance:• Latest A/C are fitted with automatic re-engagement of NAV at GA• For older A/C
May 2011FIS 2011
21
Heading, ascleared by ATC
NAV guidanceFor GA trajectory
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Go-Around from Intermediate Approach
May 2011FIS 2011
22
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Go-Around Close to the Ground
May 2011FIS 2011
23
• When close to the ground, - Initiate a “Standard Go-Around”- Avoid rapid rotation and excessive pitch- Low go-around may result in a runway contact, if it does, continue
with the standard go-around
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Content
• Introduction
• Go-Around Preparation
• Why Go Around?
• Correct Go-around - how?
• Conclusions
May 2011FIS 2011
24
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Conclusion - recommendation
May 2011FIS 2011
25
• FD re-engagement at Go-Around is now basic on all aircraft since Service Bulletin 22-1058.
• This modification restores FD at go-around engagement (thrust levers set to TOGA) regardless of the previous FD modes.
AIRBUS recommends all operators to implement this Service Bulletin.
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Conclusions
• “Go-around: an essential safety manoeuvre for all pilots”
• All pilots must be familiar and confident with the go-around manoeuvre, from various initial conditions:• Light weight and heavy• Available thrust• High energy• Different configurations• From intermediate, decision and low altitude
• Familiarity and confidence will only come with practice
May 2011FIS 2011
26
We must train for differentgo-arounds to train for safety
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Conclusions
May 2011FIS 2011
27
For a Safe Go-Around
PNFPF
Know the pitch, set the pitch, keep the pitch! Pitch and thrust – basic flying skills!
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
May 2011FIS 2011
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietarydocument. This document and all information contained herein is the soleproperty of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by thedelivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shallnot be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express writtenconsent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used forany purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements madeherein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentionedassumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting groundsfor these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explainthe basis thereof.AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350,A380, A400M are registered trademarks.