Air Trafic Control

7/31/2019 Air Trafic Control

1/46

Single European Sky

Technical Seminar

Presented by Amalendu panda

1ST Year MCACENTER FOR IT EDUCATION


2/46

Single European Sky

CONTENTS

-> What is ATC ?

-> How ATC works ?

-> About Airspace.

-> Flight profile and preflight.

-> Ground control.

-> Departure control.

-> En Route and Descent.

-> Radar hand off control.

-> Approach.

-> Landing control

-> Air traffic control problems


3/46

Single European Sky

What is ATC ?

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided byground-based controllers who direct aircraft on theground and in the air.

A controller's primary task is to separate certain

aircraft to prevent them from coming too close toeach other by use of lateral, vertical and longitudinalseparation.

Secondary tasks include ensuring safe, orderly and

expeditious flow of traffic and providing informationto pilots, such as weather, navigation information andNOTAMs.e for the region is normally used.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_controllerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_(Air_Traffic_Control)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOTAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOTAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_(Air_Traffic_Control)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_controller


4/46

Single European Sky

Workshop

Ljubljana

February 2005


5/46

Single European Sky

Contents of Presentation

Situation of ATM in Europe

Background

Institutional set-up

SES-Implementation


6/46

Single European Sky


European airspace isfragmented according tonational borders ratherthan traffic flows.

More than 60 Area

Control Centres inEurope in 2003.


7/46

Single European Sky


Sectors and routes aredesigned according tonational borders ratherthan traffic flows.


8/46

Single European Sky


Traffic is still expected togrow, and even to doublebetween 1997 and 2020.


9/46

Single European Sky


Congestion leadsto sub optimal

trajectories.


10/46

Single European Sky


The busiest routes haveto avoid military areas.


11/46

Single European Sky


Military areas are located inthe core area of Europe.


12/46

Single European Sky

The European Commission, Vice PresidentMs de Palacio, launched the initiative in 1999.

Main principles:

Reduce fragmentation between: the airspace of Member States.

Civil and Military providers and users.

Systems.

Introduce new technology

create synergy EU Eurocontrol

Background


13/46

Single European Sky

Dec 1999: Communication from the Commission.

Jan - Dec 2000: High Level Group.

End 2001: Commission presents 4 legislative proposals.

Dec 2003: European Parliament and Council agree onregulations by co-decision.

Background


14/46

Single European Sky

20 April 2004: Entry into forceof 4 Regulations of theEuropean Parliament and the Council:

No 549/2004:Framework

No 550/2004:Service Provision

No 551/2004:Airspace

No 552/2004:Interoperability

Publication in the Official Journal of the European Union inedition L 96 of 31 March 2004, see:

http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/archive/2004/l_09620040331en.html

Background


15/46

Single European Sky

Institutional Set-up

Single Sky committee

Industry consultation body

Co-operation with Eurocontrol


16/46

Single European Sky

Single Sky Committee

The Single Sky Committee assists the Commission 2 representatives per Member State

(civil & military representation) Observers: Eurocontrol, European countries with

aviation agreements (CH, NO, IS) chaired by the Commission

Decision making process: consultative (simple majority of MS) regulatory (qualified majority of MS, 2/3 of weighted votes)


17/46

Single European Sky

SingleSky Committee (2)

Functions of the Committee: Provide opinion on draft Commission implementing

rules (regulations/directives/decisions)

Provide opinion on draft mandates to Eurocontrol Policy guidance (SESAME) (if needed) coordination of Communityposition within Eurocontrol (in the future) address problems in connectionwith FABs

5 meetings so far, the next one in March 2005


18/46

Single European Sky

Industry Consultation Body

Established by SES-regulation in order to provideCommission with advice by all stakeholders; members:4 ATSP (CANSO)4 Manufacturing Industry (ASD formerly AECMA)

2 Airports (ACI)5 Professional staff associations (Joint ATM

Working Group (4), ECA/IFALPA (1))8 Airspace Users (IATA, AEA (2), IACA, ERA,

ELFAA, EBAA, IAOPA)2 CNS Service Providers (COM (1), NAV (1))1 Meteorological Service Providers

(Aviation Meteorology Group)


19/46

Single European Sky

Industry Consultation Body (2)

Observers:1 Eurocontrol2 Non-European Interests (FAA and AIA)1 Military (CMIC)

1 Research Establishments (EATRADA)Chair: Fritz Feitl (Ex-CEO of Tyrolean Airlines)Vice-Chair: Colin Chisholm (NATS/UK)3 meetings so far, next meeting in March 2005

current subjects of interest: SESAME, interoperability

ICB to express expectations on new technology,timetable, priorities, orientation for research


20/46

Single European Sky

Eurocontrol

The European Community has become a member ofEurocontrol besides the (presently 22) MS,relations with Eurocontrol are area of shared national andCommunity competence.

Memorandum of Cooperation of December 2003between the European Commission and Eurocontrolorganises cooperation in the domain of Single Sky,

Research, Statistics and GNSS

Through mandates Eurocontrol contributes to the implemen-tation of the Single Sky.


21/46

Single European Sky

Mandates to Eurocontrol

charging regime: draft IR transmitted in OCT 2004 airspace design: draft IR transmitted in JAN 2005 Flexible use of airspace: draft IR transmitted in JAN 2005 Functional airspace block: report under preparation Interoperability: Coordination and Transfer between

ATS-units: draft IR under preparation (expected in Spring) Interoperability: Flight Message Transfer Protocol:

draft IR under preparation (expected in Spring)

Interoperability: Initial Flight Plan: draft IRunder preparation (expected in Spring)

new mandates to be issued during 2005


22/46

Single European Sky

European upper information region (EUIR)

Functional airspace blocks (FAB)

Flexible use of airspace (FUA)

National Supervisory Authorities (NSA)/Designation

(certification ANSP)

ATCO-licence

Interoperability

SESAME

Extension to 3rd countries

Implementation


23/46

Single European Sky

Establishment of an European Upper InformationRegion (EUIR) by merging all UIRs controlled byEuropean Member States above FL 285 and within

the EUR and AFI ICAO regions. Shall be negotiated and agreed within ICAO.

Possibility to extend to airspace outside the EURand AFI ICAO regions (choice of MS).

Reorganisation of the Airspace - EUIR


24/46

Single European Sky

Reorganisation of the Airspace - EUIR


25/46

Single European Sky

Establishment of Functional Airspace Blocks (FAB)in the upper (and possibly lower) airspace.

Objectives:

Reduce fragmentation, Take into account traffic flows and not national borders,

Increase co-operation,

Increase harmonisation,

Provide efficiency gains.

Reorganisation of the Airspace - FAB


26/46

Single European Sky

MS to develop FABs according to:

safety case;

optimum use of airspace, taking into account air traffic flows;

overall added value, including optimal use of technical and human

resources, on the basis of cost-benefit analyses; ensure a fluent and flexible transfer of responsibility for ATC;

ensure compatibility between upper and lower airspace;

comply with regional agreements concluded within ICAO;

respect regional agreements, in particular those involving Europeanthird countries.



27/46

Single European Sky

Bottom-up approach:

MS are fully responsible to initiate and set-up FABs,

FABs can include all or parts of a States Airspace,

For multinational FABs, all States involved must agreeon the respective FAB,

No single blueprint for FABs, we expect different

models to be implemented.

But, these FABs shall meet the 7 general criteria ofthe regulation.



28/46


29/46

Single European Sky

On-going initiatives:

MUAC

CEATS

NUAC

Skane (DK/SW) lower airspace

UK/IRL

FR/CH (includes lower airspace) EMAC (Eastern Mediterranean)



30/46

Single European Sky

Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA):

Support civil/military co-operation within FABs andbetween different FABs,

Establishment of mandatory rules and criteria forapplication of FUA,

Harmonization of conditions of access and freedom ofmovement within the airspace.

Civil military coordination in airspace management andair traffic management.

Regional/cross-border application of FUA.

Reorganisation of the Airspace - FUA


31/46

Single European Sky

Establishment or nomination of NationalSupervisory Authorities since 20 April 2004.

Requirements:

(At least) functional separation from ANSP. Impartiality and transparency

Capabilities:

Technical expertise,

Sufficient manpower, Sufficient financial resources.

NSA


32/46

Single European Sky

NSA need to co-operate. They can beestablished at regional level.

Tasks:

Certification of ANSPs, Compliance monitoring,

(poss.) role in designation process

safeguarding role re declarations of

conformity/suitability/verification under interoperabilityregulation .

Future: which role for EASA?

NSA


33/46

Single European Sky

Designation

For Functional Airspace Blocks => joint designation

Designation allows imposition of specific rights andobligations to reflect local specification

Air Traffic Services (& MET services) remain ina monopoly situation, to be designated by MS,but not necessarily local provider!

Counterpart to monopoly is emphasis on performancereview, benchmarking and best practices


34/46

Single European Sky

ATCO-licence

Commission proposal of July 2004 for a Community licencedirective currently under discussion in the EuropeanParliament and in the Council of Ministers. Adoptionforeseen in 2005.

Main features:1 Increase safety through high-level harmonisation of

competence standards

2. Strengthen the institutional set-up, includingcertification + supervision of training providers bynational authorities

3. Contribute to a more flexible organisation of theworkforce, enabler for FABs


35/46

Single European Sky

Objective and scope: Interoperability between the different systems, their

constituents and associated procedures of theEuropean ATM network,

Coordinated introduction of new agreed and validatedconcepts of operations or technology.

Three different tools: Essential requirements.

Implementing rules. Community specifications.

Interoperability


36/46

Single European Sky

Essential requirements: Seamless operation,

Safety,

Civil-military coordination,

Support of new concepts of operation,

Environmental constraints,

Principles governing the logical architecture,

Principles governing the construction of systems.

Essential requirements are compulsory

(Annex II of interoperability regulation).

Interoperability


37/46

Single European Sky

Implementing rules: Shall determine any specific requirement that

complements or refine the Essential Requirements,

Shall also describe the coordinated introduction of new,

agreed and validated concepts of operation ortechnology.

Implementing rules are compulsory

(prepared by Eurocontrol and adopted byEU-Commission).

Interoperability


38/46

Single European Sky

Community specifications are means ofcompliance

European Standards(drawn up by CEN/CENELEC/ETSI in cooperation with EUROCAE)

or

Eurocontrol specification(for operational coordination)

(Systems, procedures and constituents which meet

Community specifications are presumed compliant with

mandatory rules)

Interoperability


39/46

Single European Sky

The Single European Sky ImplementationProgramme to modernise ATC infrastructure.

Combine technological, economic and

regulatory aspects.Synchronise the implementation of newequipment (at least) in the EU by ensuring thatairborne equipment is consistent with ground

technology.Initialised by ATM equipment manufacturers, itis now supported by the whole air transportcommunity.

SESAME


40/46

Single European Sky

Traffic will more thandouble by 2025!

At least the same forATM capacity!

Possible with currentoperating principles??

0

5

10

15

20

25

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

IFR

FlightsPerYearinESRA(Million)

Actual

Scenario A

Scenario B

Scenario C

Scenario D

Why SESAME?


41/46

Single European Sky

Definition phase launched, will run up to 2007Co-funded by the European Commission underTrans European networks and by Eurocontrol

Run under Eurocontrols operationalresponsibility.

Deliverable: ATM Master Plan for 2020, whichwill define a common goal and vision for the

development of the European air traffic controlinfrastructure.

SESAME Definition phase


42/46

Single European Sky

EuropeanCommission

EUROCONTROL

Agency

Consortium

Prime ContractorCo-Contractor

Sub-

Contractor

Sub-

Contractor

Sub-

Contractor

Sub-

Contractor

Co-

Contractor

Cost:60 Mio

200 personsfull time for2 years

SESAME Definition phase


43/46

Single European Sky

Accompanying technical/operational solutions with regulatory instruments

2005 2010 2015 2020

2005 2010 2015 2020

Definition

Phase

Foundation

DeploymentIndustrialisation

Deployment

Collaborative High Performance ATM

Innovative R&D Applied R&D Industrialisation

SES Deployment

DeploymentApplied R&D IndustrialisationApplied R&D Industrialisation DeploymentApplied R&D Industrialisation DeploymentApplied R&D Industrialisation DeploymentApplied R&D Industrialisation DeploymentApplied R&D Industrialisation

SESAME Implementation phase


44/46

Single European Sky

The full potential of the SES (seamless operation) will onlybe reached by enlarging its scope

The Community shall aim at and support the extension of

the SES to countries which are not members of the EU. To

that end, it shall endeavour, either within the framework ofagreements concluded with neighbouring third countries, orwithin the context of Eurocontrol, to extend the scope of this

Regulation to those countries.

(Article 7 of the Framework regulation)

Relations with third countries


45/46

Single European Sky

CH, NO and IS have agreements with EU and are going totake over SES

During 2005, the Commission intends to completenegotiations on a multilateral European Common Aviation

Agreement (ECAA) with Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina,Bulgaria, Croatia, FYROM, Serbia and Montenegro(UNMIK/Kosovo), Romania. Through this agreement theSES-regulations should be extended to this region

Relations with third countries


46/46

Single European Sky

better co-operation between ANSPs, regulators,civil and military providers;

improved relations between airspace users andservice providers;

improve safety, performance and efficiencylevels;

create required future capacity at reasonable

costs; share airspace as a common resource

disregarding national boundaries.

Which opportunities ?

Documents

Air Trafic Control