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8/22/2019 Air Conditioning with explanation
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Submitted By
C. Blessy
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Introduction The first modern air conditioning system was developed in 1902 by a young
electrical engineer named Willis Haviland Carrier.
It was designed to solve a humidity problem at the Sackett-WilhelmsLithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, N.Y. Paper stock at the
plant would sometimes absorb moisture from the warm summer air, making it
difficult to apply the layered inking techniques of the time.
Carrier realized he'd developed something with far-reaching potential, and itwasn't long before air-conditioning systems started popping up in theaters and
stores, making the long, hot summer months much more comfortable
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Introduction
Contd.. The actual process air conditioners use to reduce the ambient air
temperature in a room is based on a very simple scientific
principle.
The rest is achieved with the application of a few clever
mechanical techniques. Actually, an air conditioner is very
similar to another appliance in your home -- the refrigerator.
Air conditioners don't have the exterior housing a refrigeratorrelies on to insulate its cold box. Instead, the walls in your home
keep cold air in and hot air out.
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Air-conditioning Basics
Air conditioners use refrigeration to chill indoor air, taking advantage of a remarkable
physical law: When a liquid converts to a gas (in a process called phase conversion), it
absorbs heat.
Air conditioners exploit this feature of phase conversion by forcing special chemicalcompounds to evaporate and condense over and over again in a closed system of coils.
The compounds involved are refrigerants that have properties enabling them to change
at relatively low temperatures.
Air conditioners also contain fans that move warm interior air over these cold,
refrigerant-filled coils. In fact, central air conditioners have a whole system of ducts
designed to funnel air to and from these serpentine, air-chilling coils.
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The Parts of an Air Conditioner
Air conditioners monitor and regulate the airtemperature via a thermostat.
They also have an onboard filter that removes airborne
particulates from the circulating air.
Air conditioners function as dehumidifiers. Because
temperature is a key component of relative humidity,
reducing the temperature of a volume of humid air
causes it to release a portion of its moisture.
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Evaporator - Receives the liquid refrigerant
Condenser - Facilitates heat transfer
Expansion valve - regulates refrigerant flow into theevaporator
Compressor - A pump that pressurizes refrigerant
The Parts of an Air Conditioner Contd..
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Window and Split-system AC Units
A window air conditioner unit implements a completeair conditioner in a small space.
The units are made small enough to fit into a standard
window frame. It Consists of
A compressor
An expansion valve
A hot coil (on the outside)
A chilled coil (on the inside)
Two fans
A control unit
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The fans blow air over the coils to improve their ability to dissipate heat
(to the outside air) and cold (to the room being cooled).
When you get into larger air-conditioning applications, its time to start
looking at split-system units.
A split-system air conditioner splits the hot side from the cold side of
the system, as in the diagram below.
The cold side, consisting of the expansion valve and the cold coil, is
generally placed into a furnace or some other air handler.
The air handler blows air through the coil and routes the air
throughout the building using a series of ducts. The hot side, known as
the condensing unit, lives outside the building.
Window and Split-system AC Units Contd..
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BTU - British thermal units Most air conditioners have their capacity rated in British thermal units (Btu).
A Btu is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 pound (0.45
kilograms) of water one degree Fahrenheit (0.56 degrees Celsius).
One Btu equals 1,055 joules. In heating and cooling terms, one ton equals 12,000 Btu.
A typical window air conditioner might be rated at 10,000 Btu.
For comparison, a typical 2,000-square-foot (185.8 square meters) house might have a 5-
ton (60,000-Btu) air conditioning system, implying that you might need perhaps 30 Btu
per square foot. These are rough estimates.
To size an air conditioner accurately for your specific application, you should contact an
HVAC contractor.
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EER - Energy Efficiency Rating The energy efficiency rating (EER) of an air conditioner is its Btu rating over
its wattage. As an example, if a 10,000-Btu air conditioner consumes 1,200
watts, its EER is 8.3 (10,000 Btu/1,200 watts). Obviously, you would like the
EER to be as high as possible, but normally a higher EER is accompanied by ahigher price.
Example for calculating EER:
With roughly 30 days in a month, you're operating the air conditioner:
4 months x 30 days per month x 6 hours per day = 720 hours
[(720 hours x 200 watts) / (1000 watts/kilowatt)] x $0.10/kilowatt hours = $14.40
http://home.howstuffworks.com/watt.htmhttp://home.howstuffworks.com/watt.htm8/22/2019 Air Conditioning with explanation
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Room air conditioners
Central air conditioning systems
Heat pumps Evaporative coolers
TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONERS
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Air Conditioning
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Room air conditioners cool rooms rather than the entire
home.
Less expensive to operate than central units
Their efficiency is generally lower than that of central air
conditioners.
Can be plugged into any 15- or 20-amp, 115-volt household
circuit that is not shared with any other major appliances
Room air conditioner
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Central Air conditioning Circulate cool air through a system of supply and return
ducts. Supply ducts and registers (i.e., openings in the
walls, floors, or ceilings covered by grills) carry cooled air
from the air conditioner to the home.
This cooled air becomes warmer as it circulates through the
home; then it flows back to the central air conditioner
through return ducts and registers
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Types of Central AC split-system
an outdoor metal cabinet contains the condenser
and compressor, and an indoor cabinet contains
the evaporator
Packaged the evaporator, condenser, and compressor are all
located in one cabinet
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Large air conditioning systems Outside air is drawn in, filtered and heated before it
passes through the main air conditioning devices.
The colored lines in the lower part of the diagram
show the changes of temperature and of water
vapor concentration (not RH) as the air flows
through the system.
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Sizing Air Conditioners how large your home is and how many windows it has;
how much shade is on your home's windows, walls, and
roof;
how much insulation is in your home's ceiling and walls;
how much air leaks into your home from the outside; and how much heat the occupants and appliances in your home
generate
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Energy Efficiency Today's best air conditioners use 30% to 50% less
energy than 1970s
Even if your air conditioner is only 10 years old, you
may save 20% to 40% of your cooling energy costs by
replacing it with a newer, more efficient model
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THANK YOU