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Comprehensive Report: Walmart

2015

FRM 220: Elements of Retail Ops and TechAshley Short

Art Institute of Pittsburg Online Division | Week 6 Assignment 2: Final Project

I. Overview of Retailer Operation Retailer: Walmart

Walmart is a general merchandise retailer, which means that this company sells a wide variety of merchandise, such as toys, clothing, health and beauty products, and food. These retailers market towards everybody including men, women, children and pets. (Suttle.)

Executive Management

Position NamePresident, CEO at Walmart Stores

Doug McMillon

President, CEO Walmart US Greg ForanPresident, CEO Walmart International

David Cheesewright

President, CEO Sam’s Club Rosalind BrewerPresident, CEO Global eCommerce

Neil Ashe

Executive Vice President, Treasurer

Claire Babineaux-Fontenot

Executive Vice President, Softlines and General Merchandise, Walmart US

Andy Barron

Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs

Dan Bartlett

Chief Operating Officer, Global eCommerce

Michael Bender

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Walmart International

Brett Briggs

Executive Vice President, Food, Walmart US

Steve Bratspies

President and Chief Executive Officer, Walmart EMEA

Shelley Broader

Executive Vice President, Global People Division

M. Susan Chambers

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Walmart US

Michael Dastugue

Executive Vice President, Global Customer Insight and Analytics

Cindy Davis

Executive Vice President, Chief Rollin Ford

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Administration OfficerExecutive Vice President, Operations, Sam’s Club

Don Frieson

Executive Vice President, Global Governance and Corporate Security

Jeffrey Gearhart

Executive Vice President, Consumables and Health and Wellness and US Manufacturing Lead, Walmart US

Michelle Gloeckler

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Charles Holley

Executive Vice President, Merchandising Operations, Walmart US

Scott Huff

President and CEO, samsclub.com

Jamie Iannone

Executive Vice President, Global Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer

Jay Jorgensen

President and CEO, Walmart.com

Fernando Madeira

Chief Operating Officer, Walmart U.S.

Judith McKenna

Executive Vice President, Supercenters – Walmart U.S.

Michael S. Moore

Executive Vice President, Neighborhood Markets – Walmart U.S.

Julie Murphy

Executive Vice President - Walmart U.S. People

Kristin Oliver

President and CEO, Walmart Mexico, Central America and Latin America, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Walmex

Enrique Ostalé

Chief Administrative Officer – Walmart International; President and CEO, Walmart Asia

Scott Price

Executive Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer, Walmart U.S.

Stephen F. Quinn

Executive Vice President, Merchandising, Sam's Club

Charles Redfield

Executive Vice President and Karen Roberts

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General Counsel, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.Executive Vice President, International People Division

Gisel Ruiz

Executive Vice President, Logistics, Walmart U.S.

Chris Sultemeier

Executive Vice President, Chief Information Officer

Karenann Terrell

Senior Vice President and Controller

Steven P. Whaley

Executive Vice President, Global Sourcing, Walmart Leverage

Tim Yatsko

(“Executive Management.”)

Walmart has implemented for many years compliance programs, and have such programs in each country in which their business operates. The company did address some issues that were brought about, and have taken action to assist with resolving these issues. These actions include hiring Chief Compliance Officers and Anti-Corruption Directors in each market/region, implementing common compliance systems, conducting regular risk assessments using standardized tools, and increased training. Walmart has also implemented changes in how they report and investigate any allegations worldwide. Another policy that has evolved throughout the Walmart business is in the compensation program for senior executive officers. It has been made that these executives may not receive their annual cash incentives or they may be reduced if it is determined that the company’s progress is unsatisfactory. (“Walmart Global Compliance Action Steps.”)

For a few decades now, Walmart has been evolving into the supply chain management, with elements including distribution practices, operating their own fleet of trucks for delivery, and technology evolution. From this supply chain, the business has seen time savings, more cost-effective inventory management, and better forecasting. Walmart began using a computer system to control inventory in 1975, and this has continued to evolve to assist with the database of products. Also, the business has around 160 distribution centers, in which 81% of their merchandise passes through. (University Alliance.)

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Walmart Supply Chain Management

Walmart is one of the largest retailers in the world, and makes billions of dollars every year in revenue. They are a successful business, and I believe the reason they are so successful is because they offer merchandise for everyone in the family, as well as offers products that can fit any budget. Majority of the merchandise has a generic version that is cheaper and a name brand that is average-to-expensive priced. Consumers may choose to

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PURCHASING MANAGERS:

Determine which products

will sell, Find vendors,

Arrange deals

OPERATIONS: Demand planning,

Forecasting, Inventory

management

DISTRIBUTION: Moving product

from warehouses to

consumers

INTEGRATION: Connects the flow of work

and information to maximize efficiencies

shop at Walmart rather than their competitors because of this wide range of products, as well as the range of prices of merchandise that is affordable to all. The retailer does offer merchandise that is suitable for occasions, such as holidays, birthdays and back to school, along with merchandise for everyday life, including clothing, food and hygiene products.

Walmart Competitors:

Target Big Lots Dollar General Costco Amazon

(“Walmart Stores, Inc. Competitors.”)

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II. Retailer Target Market and Communication System Target Market

Age: 25-65 years oldo (Peterson.)

Gender: About 55% of Walmart shoppers are Womeno (“Are You a Target or Wal-Mart Shopper?”)

Ethnicity: All Races, Primarily Caucasian o (Peterson.)

Income: Lower to Middle Class; $30,000-$60,000 o (“Walmart and Target: A Tale of Two Discount Chains.”)

Life-Cycle: Walmart consumers shop at the retailer for many reasons, whether it be to purchase clothing, food, baby merchandise, home products, electronics and entertainment, health and beauty products, and pet supplies. The retailer provides merchandise for all members of the family, and can truly be the one-stop shopping destination for many of their consumers.

Communication System

Walmart has created a Global Ethics corporate department that is responsible for promoting their culture of integrity. This responsibility includes upholding policies and communication throughout the business and their stakeholders. They also lead a continuing education and communications system. (“Ethics and Integrity.”) There is a continuous flow of information among employees, stakeholders and consumers through communication among coworkers and management, as well as the use of social media.

According to Walmart’s Global Statement of Ethics, members of management are responsible for:

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Meeting with their direct reports periodically about the Statement of Ethics and Walmart’s beliefs

Ensure ethics always come first if there is a conflict Lead by example and encourage associates to act with integrity Ensure open communication by encouraging employees to speak up

and/or ask questions Appreciate employees

All employees are responsible for:

Reading and understanding the company’s beliefs and the Statement of Ethics.

Learning the policies that are applicable to their job Asking for help immediately if an issue arises

(“Global Statement of Ethics.”)

Evaluating the Communication System

Does it lead to continuous customer contact?

By the members or management and employees being in continuous contact with each other, then they can ensure that issues are being handle appropriately and taken care of. This communication will assist with improving and maintaining excellent teamwork skills, as well as building trust among coworkers and ensure the happiness of all employees. Also, by keeping all employees on the same page, consumers can feel assured they are receiving the correct information.

Does it involve as many employees as possible?

Yes, all employees are made aware of the Statement of Ethics, as well as informed of any policy changes or any other changes within the organization. All employees know what is expected of them in their job, and given the tools to be successful through training and handbooks.

Is there a formal process to listen, analyze, and respond to customer complaints?

Through the Walmart Global Ethics website, there is a section to report a concern. In this section, concerns can be submitted electronically, sent via email to an established address, or call a helpline to report an issue. In

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addition to being able to report a concern, there is also a link on the Global Ethics page to check the status of these complaints. (“Home.”)

What communication tools are used?

In regards to consumers, Walmart uses social media and advertisements to reach out to them. A major source is through Twitter, and the company has used certain Twitter handles such as @WalmartNewsroom, @WalmartVeterans, and @WalmartGiving, for the material they post. (Pollitt.) In addition to using Twitter, Walmart also uses Pinterest, Facebook and Google+ to communicate with consumers. (Moth.) For employees, there is a PDF attachment through the Global Ethics webpage for the Statement of Ethics. (“Home.”)

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III. Training and Loss Prevention Training for Management:

Walmart looks for individuals that are strong in skills such as organization, communication, financial and good with people/consumers. The management team must go through extensive training before they are ready to start their role. The company has established an Assistant Manager Training Program for the Walmart stores and a Manager in Training Program for the Sam’s Club stores. Both of these programs expose the management member to operations of the company, as well as opportunities to rotate in various areas around the stores. (“Working Here.”)

The management training programs span over a four month period of time, in which trainees are immersed in on-the-job training, “master classes, virtual classroom environments, instructor-led events, self-paced study, student-led activities, experimental exercises, service projects, distance learning, and small group discussions.” The courses focus on areas such as communication, global thinking, international scoping and leadership. (McKinney.)

Thus far, the training programs that are established for management has proven to be positive. The programs have produced confident, consistent and thoroughly trained members of management. Walmart has recognized that investing in the futures of employees and management members is essential for their future. (McKinney.)

Along with the extensive management training programs, Walmart also has the Walton Institute, which is located at the University of Arkansas (near Walmart headquarters). This educational environment acts as a training location for Walmart leaders from all over the world, and trainees are offered an education that will assist them with cultural issues and focus on the continuous improvement of the brand. (“Working Here.”)

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Training for Other Staff:

Walmart is focused on continuously providing education and training to all employees. In addition to offering paths for advancement, the company has mentoring programs, leadership courses and associate research groups in which employees may be involved in. (“Working Here.”) Much of the training for all associates takes place through online learning classrooms, with courses being taken during the associate’s normal work hours. This training typically takes a couple days to complete, depending on how many hours are worked in a shift. These courses offer valuable information about proper store practices, safety guidelines, loss prevention and about Walmart policies. After training is completed, associates are encouraged to revisit any courses they feel necessary, and there are also periodically new courses when revisions are made to any policies or procedures. It is very likely that associates can move up in the company, and it is not unordinary for associates to train for management positions. (Okulski.)

Loss Prevention Policies and Procedures:

According to Walmart’s Asset Prevention Policy, all members of management and associates working in the asset prevention department are responsible for investigating and surveilling any persons that are suspected of shoplifting. These members are responsible for providing an accurate statement of events and contacting local law enforcement. Walmart has established “Four Acts” that must occur before the suspect may be approached, which include:

1. Selection2. Concealment/Dispossession3. Continued Possession of the Merchandise4. Passing the Last Point of Sale

Once the associate for Walmart, along with one other associate for assistance, observes these “Four Acts,” the suspect may be approached. Both of the store associates must be over the age of 18. From there, the associate must explain the reason they are being approached, try to verify any merchandise that has been taken, and decide whether or not to detain the suspect. In the policy, it is stressed that “protecting the physical well-being of Suspects, customers and Walmart associates is the first priority.”

The guidelines/policy for prosecution of shoplifters at Walmart are:

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The retail value of all merchandise exceeds $25 and the suspect is between the ages of 16 and 65.

OR

The suspect between the ages of 16 and 65 is unable to produce a State identification.

OR

The suspect is a repeat shoplifter, regardless of value in merchandise or age.

OR

The suspect committed or threatened violence, regardless of value in merchandise or age.

(“Investigation and Detention of Shoplifters Policy (AP-09).”)

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IV. Supply Chain Management Synopsis and How Supply Chain Management is Used in Walmart

Walmart implements an inventory management system called cross docking, in which “inbound shipments are unloaded directly into outbound trailers at distribution centers.” This system can reduce time that is required for the transportation of goods, as well as decreases the amount of inefficiencies and saves money on storage costs. Another positive aspect of cross docking is that the system allows for Walmart to implement its pricing strategy, “Everyday Low Pricing.” This pricing strategy helps to gain the trust of their consumers and promotes frequent purchases. (Soni.)

For distribution, Walmart uses facilities and distribution locations to disperse merchandise. According to Yahoo! Finance, approximately 80% of merchandise for Walmart were shipped from these facilities. The remaining merchandise is shipped directly from the suppliers to the stores. Walmart also uses these distributions centers and superstores as fulfillment centers for their online sales, which helps the company to stay relevant and efficient with their online sales. (Soni.) This year, Walmart will be opening four new larger facilities in order to meet demands for their online business. The facilities will be focused more on individual items, where merchandise will be picked and packed for the consumers. The goal with these new facilities will be for shipments to reach consumers at a quicker rate, as well as help the retailer become even more profitable with their online business. (Nash.)

Technology is a large foundation for supply chain management within Walmart. Their advanced technology systems allows the company “to accurately forecast demand, track and predict inventory levels, create highly efficient transportation routes, and manage customer relationships and service response logistics.” (Kumar.)

Finally, Walmart has established strategic vendor relationships by finding products from suppliers at the best price and offering long-term relationships and high volume purchases. (Lu.)

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Managing Suppliers

Another way that Walmart manages supplies and merchandise is through data sharing and collaborating with their suppliers. This strategy began in the 1980’s, when Walmart was one of the first retailers to implement it. Data sharing and the collaboration provides the ability to see information such as inventory levels, store-levels sales data, when shipments are made, and when the merchandise is sold. It allows to better control inventory levels, as well as produce better forecasting data. This system is implemented with every supplier that Walmart works with, and has proven to be effective for over twenty years. (Waller.)

Effectiveness

“According to Supply Chain Digest, this retail giant stocks products made in more than 70 countries and at any given time, operates more than 11,000 stores in 27 countries around the world, and manages an average of $32 billion in inventory.” Their supply chain management model is able to cut out many supplier costs by mostly using their own distribution centers, as well as using their innovative technology to forecast consumer trends. Their model also helps them to offer low prices to their consumers, and ensure they become repeat buyers. (Lu.)

Strengths/Weaknesses

One significant factor that is a strength for Walmart and their supply chain is their advanced technology. This system produces all of their important data for operating the business and analyzing sales data. Also, Walmart is able to offer their merchandise at low prices to their consumers, which are at times significantly lower than competitors. These low prices are offered because of the money saving tactics of the supply chain, and in return produce repeat buyers. Finally, another strength is with the distribution centers and creation of the online distribution facilities. These centers help to get the merchandise to consumers faster and more efficiently.

Improvement

Continue to evolve with technology. Consolidating direct suppliers. Certifying environmentally sustainable products.

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Committing to larger quantities of environmentally sustainable products.

(Plambeck.)

V. Technology Walmart is a leader in pioneering technologies, which they use to save

consumers money and merchandise smartly. “One such technology is radio-frequency identification, or RFID, which transfers data stored on tags on a product or other object, facilitating identification and tracking.” The company has been using this system for about ten years, and has many benefits to using it. Such benefits include more effective inventory management, tracking merchandise in the supply chain, codes can be scanned from a distance, ability to store more data, and provide real-time information. (University Alliance.) RFID technology can assist with inventory, and instantly know what type of merchandise, brands, sizes and models that consumers are purchasing. It is able to immediately alert employees when a product needs restocked, as well as informing the purchasing department for orders to be placed quicker. (“Immediate Inventory Management: Everyone Wins with RFID Technology at Walmart.”)

Effectiveness of Systems

Previously, a study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the RFID technology system. Results concluded that the RFID technology could perform at 60-99% accuracy levels, and result in profits with their use. (“Measuring the Effectiveness of RFID on Mechanical Contracting Jobsites: A Practical Evaluation.”) Using the RFID technology has been a proven way to effectively track inventory and customer purchases, while still being cost effective to the retailer.

Issues/Problems with Systems

There are some issues that have been experienced while using the RFID system. The first one that has been observed is the fact that both retailers and suppliers manage the inventory. Because of this, retailers may command specific RFID methods, which may increase costs for the suppliers. Also, there are some privacy concerns with using RFID. These concerns are that retailers may be able to access customer profiles and linking purchases

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with other identifiers, such as credit card or driver’s license. (University Alliance.)

How to Improve the Systems

Walmart has implemented a solution to some concerns stated above by enforcing suppliers to place the RFID tags on removable labels or packaging. (University Alliance.)

How Data is Collected

RFID tags contain a unique identification number, which is called an Electronic Product Code (EPC). These tags may also contain other important information specific to the retailer the merchandise is going to. All of the information travels with the merchandise throughout the supply chain and other business processes. The tags can be scanned wirelessly by a reader.

The tag is made of a silicon microchip that is attached to a small patch. These patches are then attached to the merchandise. The reader/scanner sends the data to and from the tag through antennas. The data is then sent to the host computer to be processed. (Holloway.)

Image: Holloway.

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Is the Data Collection Method Appropriate for the Type of Data Being Collected? Why?

Using the RFID technology system is appropriate for Walmart, as they work with many suppliers for their inventory needs. It has been proven that the RFID tags have the ability to track multiple types of data needed, such as productivity, cycle time, control of assets, and what merchandise is successful with revenues. (Holloway.)

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VI. Social Responsibilities Social Responsibilities

Sustainability

In 2005, Walmart began making strides to become more eco-friendly. Stores were designed to be more energy efficient, and fuel-saving technology was installed to their fleet of vehicles. Improvements were also made to driving routes to decrease fuel consumption. (University Alliance.)

Sourcing Standards

Walmart suppliers are mandated to sign the Standards for Suppliers, which clearly outlines the fundamental expectations regarding the treatment of workers and impact on environment. In addition to signing the Standards for Suppliers, it is required to display these standards for all workers to read. (“Standards for Suppliers.”)

Opportunity

Walmart focuses on creating diversity in the workplace. The company collaborates with various organizations to address specific needs in order to develop an even stronger and diverse talent base in the future. Also, Walmart realizes the importance of taking care of their associates. “A job at Walmart opens the door to opportunity, with the chance to move up through the ranks and build a career.” (“2015 Global Responsibility Report.”)

Community

Walmart encourages employees to support their local communities through volunteering and matching any contributions to non-profit organizations. Also, the company and its foundation has become involved in disaster relief by providing meals and jobs to the community. (“2015 Global Responsibility Report.”)

Programs, Causes and Organizations Supported by Walmart

One cause that is supported by Walmart is Women’s Economic Empowerment. Through their initiative, the goal is to provide more training

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and career opportunities. (“Women’s Economic Empowerment.”) Another cause being supported by Walmart is fighting hunger and promoting nutrition. The company is committed to providing the best nutritional food to their consumers at an affordable price. Walmart has been collaborating with non-profit organizations and farmers to ensure that people have access to the food they need. In addition to this collaboration, the “Fighting Hunger Together” initiative that was started in 2010 has committed $2 billion to fight hunger in America. (“Hunger and Nutrition.”) Finally, Walmart has supported veterans and their families through providing job opportunities and other support programs. The Walmart Foundation has donated millions of dollars for training and assistance for veterans returning from employment. Operation Homefront is another program from Walmart that provides toys and meals to military families during the holiday season, as well as bringing home 500 active duty military members to spend time with their families during the holiday season. (“Charitable Giving.”)

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VII. Works Cited “2015 Global Responsibility Report.” Walmart Corporate. 14 Aug 2015. http://www.corporatereport.com/walmart/2015/grr/

“Are You a Target or Wal-Mart Shopper?” CNN Money. Web. 20 July 2015. http://money.cnn.com/interactive/investing/target-or-walmart-shopper/

“Charitable Giving.” Walmart Corporate. Web. 14 Aug 2015. http://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/veterans-military-families/charitable-giving

“Ethics and Integrity.” Walmart Corporate. Web. 20 July 2015. http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/ethics-integrity

“Executive Management.” Walmart. Web. 14 July 2015. http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/leadership/executive-management/

“Global Statement of Ethics.” Walmart Global Ethics. Web. 20 July 2015. https://walmartethics.com/uploadedFiles/Content/U.S.%20-%20English.pdf

Holloway, Simon. “RFID: An Introduction.” Microsoft Developer Network. June 2006. Web. 11 Aug 2015. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa479355.aspx

“Home.” Walmart Global Ethics. Web. 20 July 2015. https://walmartethics.com/home.aspx?LangType=1033

“Hunger and Nutrition.” Walmart Corporate. Web. 14 Aug 2015. http://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/hunger-nutrition/

“Immediate Inventory Management: Everyone Wins with RFID Technology at Walmart.” System ID Barcode Solutions. 6 Aug 2012. Web. 11 Aug 2015. http://www.systemid.com/learn/immediate-inventory-management-everyone-wins-with-rfid-technology-at-walmart/

“Investigation and Detention of Shoplifters Policy (AP-09).” Huffington Post. 11 June 2012. Web. 29 July 2015. http://media.bonnint.net/slc/2489/248982/24898223.pdf

Kumar, Pankaj. “What Makes Walmart and Apple Supply Chain Leaders?” LinkedIn. 10 Sept 2014. Web. 4 Aug 2015. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140910071638-67677916-what-makes-walmart-and-apple-supply-chain-leaders

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Lu, Clara. “Incredibly Successful Supply Chain Management: How Does Walmart Do It?” Trade Gecko. 8 May 2014. Web. 4 Aug 2015. https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/incredibly-successful-supply-chain-management-walmart

McKinney, Damian. “How the Walmart Leadership Academy Became a Center of Excellence for the Global Retailer.” Training Magazine. Web. 29 July 2015. http://www.trainingmag.com/content/soapbox-developing-leaders-walmart

“Measuring the Effectiveness of RFID on Mechanical Contracting Jobsites: A Practical Evaluation.” MCERF. Web. 11 Aug 2015. http://www.mcerf.org/initiatives/research/projects/measuring-effectiveness-rfid-mechanical-contracting-jobsites-practical

Moth, David. “How Walmart Uses Pinterest, Facebook, Twitter, and Google+.” Econsultancy. 10 Jan 2013. Web. 20 July 2015. https://econsultancy.com/blog/61827-how-walmart-uses-pinterest-facebook-twitter-and-google/

Nash, Kim. “Wal-Mart Builds Supply Chain to Meet E-Commerce Demands.” Wall Street Journal. 7 May 2015. Web. 4 Aug 2015. http://www.wsj.com/articles/wal-mart-builds-supply-chain-to-meet-e-commerce-demands-1431016708

Okulski, Travis. “I Worked at Walmart for Two Years and I Actually Really Liked It.” Business Insider. 23 Apr 2012. Web. 29 July 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/what-its-like-to-work-at-walmart-2012-4

Peterson, Hayley. “Meet the Average Wal-Mart Shopper.” Business Insider. 18 Sept 2014. Web. 20 July 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/meet-the-average-wal-mart-shopper-2014-9

Plambeck, Erica and Denend, Lyn. “The Greening of Walmart’s Supply Chain.” Supply Chain Management Review. September/October 2011. Web. 4 Aug 2015. http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/greening-walmart-supply-chain-revisited.pdf

Pollitt, Chad. “An Inside View of Walmart’s Digital Communications Strategy.” Social Media Today. 27 Jan 2014. Web. 20 July 2015.

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http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/inside-view-walmarts-digital-communications-strategy

Soni, Phalguni. “Managing Walmart’s Supply Chain- Cross-Docking and Other Tools.” Yahoo! Finance. 20 Feb 2015. Web. 4 Aug 2015. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/managing-walmart-supply-chain-cross-230540171.html

“Standards for Suppliers.” Walmart Corporate. Web. 14 Aug 2015. http://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/ethical-sourcing/standards-for-suppliers

Suttle, Rick. “What Types of Businesses are Considered Retail?” Chron. Web. 14 July 2015. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-businesses-considered-retail-340.html

University Alliance. “RFID Technology Boosts Walmart’s Supply Chain Management.” University of San Francisco. Web. 11 Aug 2015. http://www.usanfranonline.com/resources/supply-chain-management/rfid-technology-boosts-walmarts-supply-chain-management/#.VcwNfK2PzVY

University Alliance. “Walmart: Keys to Successful Supply Chain Management.” University of San Francisco. Web. 14 July 2015. http://www.usanfranonline.com/resources/supply-chain-management/walmart-keys-to-successful-supply-chain-management/#.VacmLvmPxOI

University Alliance. “Walmart Reports on Global Responsibility Efforts.” University of San Francisco. Web. 14 Aug 2015. http://www.usanfranonline.com/news/supply-chain-management/walmart-reports-on-global-responsibility-efforts/#.VdASEPSPzVY

Waller, Matt. “How Sharing Data Drives Supply Chain Innovation.” Industry Week. 12 Aug 2013. Web. 4 Aug 2015. http://www.industryweek.com/supplier-relationships/how-sharing-data-drives-supply-chain-innovation

“Walmart Global Compliance Action Steps.” Walmart. Web. 14 July 2015. http://news.walmart.com/walmart-global-compliance-action-steps

“Walmart Stores, Inc. Competitors.” Nasdaq. Web. 14 July 2015. http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/wmt/competitors

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“Walmart and Target: A Tale of Two Discount Chains.” CBS News. 18 Nov 2012. Web. 20 July 2015. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/walmart-and-target-a-tale-of-two-discount-chains/

“Women’s Economic Empowerment.” Walmart Corporate. Web. 14 Aug 2015. http://corporate.walmart.com/global-responsibility/womens-economic-empowerment/

“Working Here.” Walmart Careers. Web. 29 July 2015. http://careers.walmart.com/about-us/working-here/

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