20 14-15 2562

1 2 20 14-15 2562

Available online at www.tsae.asia

Research on a Self-Propelled High Clearance Vehicle for Cassava Weeding

1*, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Wichai Opanukul1*,Prasat Sangpunta1, Arnon Saicomfu1, Tanapong SanJum1, Dani Salatonpitic1, Bantip Tongdang1

1 , 10900 1Agricultureal Engineering Research Insttute, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

*Wichai Opanukul: Tel: +66-2-579-4497, Fax: +66-2-579-4497, E-mail: wichaio@hotmail.com

. . 2560 ( )

(1)

24 hp (2) 4 (3) 50 kg (4) 4 (5)

80, 100, 110, 120 150 cm (6) 120 cm (7) ( x x ) 230x300x230 cm (8) 450 kg

(9) 300,000

30 % 300 rai-1

3-4 rai h-1 30 rai day-1 80-90% 1.3-1.5 l rai-1 1-2

1

: , ,

Abstract Thailand is getting closer to ban the herbicides usage (paraquat, glyphosate and chloropyrifos) in 2017.

Agricultural engineering research institute invented a self-propelled high clearance vehicle to add fertilizer and

eliminate weeds in cassava farming. The vehicle was operated as follow: 1) sowing fertilizer to add nutrient, 2)

plowing soil to eliminated weeds and 3) scooping soil to bury fertilizer. The specifications of vehicle were 1)

engine power 24 hp 2), 4 wheel drive 3), fertilizer hopper (capacity: 50 kg), 4) 4 disc harrow and 5) adjusted-wheel

base (80, 100, 110, 120 and 150 cm). The dimension, ground clearance, weight and price of vehicle were

230x300x230 cm, 120 cm, 450 kg and 300,000 THB, respectively. The vehicle was tested in cassava farm in

Ratchaburi and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces. The results showed that effective field capacity, fuel consumption,

number of operators and efficiency of eliminating weeds were 3-4 rai h-1 (30 rai day-1), 1.3-1.5 l rai-1, 1-2 men and

80-90%, respectively. The cost to eliminate weeds using the invented vehicle was decreased around 30%

comparing to the traditional method (300 THB rai-1). The break-even point was 1 year.

Keywords: Weed, Herbicide, Cassava

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การประชุมวิชาการสมาคมวิศวกรรมเกษตรแหงประเทศไทย ระดับชาติ ครั้งท่ี 20 วันท่ี 14-15 มีนาคม 2562

4 สรุป จากผลการทดลองช้ีใหเห็นวา ตะกอนจากบอปลาท่ีเลี้ยงใน

ระบบน้ําหมุนเวียนสามารถนํามาใชเปนปุยสําหรับการปลูกพืชแบบไรดินได พบวา สัดสวนตะกอนตอน้ํา 1:5 (โดยปริมาตร) จะใหผลผลิตพืชสูงที่สุด ซึ่งการงดเติมอากาศในการปลูกพืชแบบไรดินสามารถเพิ่มผลผลิตไดประมาณ 2.8 เทาของการปลูกแบบเติมอากาศ ผลการประเมินทางเศรษฐศาสตร พบวา การใชสัดสวนตะกอนจากบอปลาตอน้ํา 1:5 โดยไมเติมอากาศ สําหรับการปลูกผักกาดหอม กอใหเกิดรายไดมากที่สุด จึงเปนทางเลือกในการสรางมูลคาใหกับของเสียท่ีเกิดจากการเลี้ยงปลาในระบบนํ้าหมุนเวียน เพราะนอกจากจะชวยลดคาใชจายในการดําเนินงานไดแลว ยังชวยลดผลกระทบดานสิ่งแวดลอมจากตะกอนท่ีเกิดขึ้นหลังการเพาะเลี้ยงสัตวน้ําอีกดวย

5 กิตติกรรมประกาศ ผูวิจัยขอขอบคุณสํานักงานคณะกรรมการวิจัยแหงชาติที่ให

การสนับสนุนทุนวิจัย ปงบประมาณ 2560 ทําใหงานวิจัยนี้สําเร็จลุลวงไปดวยดี

6 เอกสารอางอิง APHA. 1980. Standard Methods for the examination of

water and wast water. American Pubic Health Association. 1015 fifteen street NW Washington. 15:1-1134.

Hanger, B. 1992. The Nutrient Solution and Its Preparation. Hydroponic for School and the Home Grower. Victoria: Natural Resources Conservation Leauge. p 22.

Hoagland, D.R. and Arnon, D.I. 1938. The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants without Soil. University of California. College of Agricultural Experiment Station. Circulation 347. Berkeley.

Jones, J.B. 2005. Hydroponics: A Practical Guide for the Soilless Grower. 2nd ed. CRC Press. Florida. 423 pp.

Morgan, L. 2014. Maintaining Healthy Hydroponic Root Systems. Available at: https://www.maximumyield.com/ maintaining-healthy-hydroponic-root-systems/2/1403. Accessed on 1 December 2018.

Parsons, T.R., Maita, Y., Lalli, C.M. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. Pergamon. Oxford. UK. 187 p.

Pollution Control Department. 2011. Guide to Assessment of Wast Water and Pollution from Aquaculture Activities. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment . Bangkok. 66 p. (in Thai)

Riablershirun, N. 2007. Soilless Culture. Suveeriyasarn. Bangkok. 172 p. (in Thai)

Tongaram, D. 2007. Soilless Culture. 3rd ed. Pimdeekarnpim. Bangkok. 816 p. (in Thai)

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1

2560

2

1

100,000 2560

8.9 30.4

52.0%

1.5 21.8%

16.7% 6.0% 3.5%

(Office of Agricultural Economics, 2016)

8-12

3

3-4

“ ”

1.5-2 4

3-4

(Field and Remewable Energy Tesearch Institute, 2013)

(1)

(Figure1)

(2) ( )

(Figure2)

(Jeamjamnanja et al., 1994)

(3)

(Figure3)

120 cm (4)

24 hp 70 cm

(Figure4) 3-4

80-100 cm

2560

Figure 1 Manula

Figure 2 Herbicide application

Figure 3 Walking tractor

Figure 4 Small hight clearance tractor

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2 2.1

2.2

( ) 2559

2560 2

2.3 (1) (rai h-1) (2)

(%) (3) (l rai-1)

RNAM (1995)

2.4

100

2

3 3.1

Field and

Remewable Energy Tesearch Institute (2013)

1. 1

1-4

80,

100, 110, 120 150 cm (Figure 5)

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Figure 5 Conceptual design

3.2

3.2.1

18 in

(Figure 6)

4

8-16

Figure 6 Installation of components on the main frame

1.2 m

1.5 -2.4 m

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3.2.3

- 1,200

rpm (Table 1)

(Needle

Valve) 40-50 rpm

30-75 km rai-1

150 cm

30 o ( )

Table 1 The driving test on concrete road at 10 m

No. Travelling speed (km h-1) Stop position

Forward backword

1 1 1 correct

2 1.5 1.5 correct

3 1.5 1.5 correct

4 2 2 correct

5 2 2 correct

6 2 2 correct

3.2.4

(Figure 7)

2 km h-1

1,800 rpm

(Figure 8)

15 hp

Figure 7 Farmer’s practice of fertilization

Figure 8 The driving test on lawn

24 hp

72 2

38 cm 145 cm

2 4

2 km h-1 4

(Figure 9) 72 2.5

120 cm 33 cm

20

2 3 km h-1

4 km h-1

Figure 9 Wheel base adjustment

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Figure 10 The driving test in cassava field

4

1 11 rai-1

11 1 15 28 cm

140 cm 60%

(Figure 11) 2,200 rpm

50 kg rai-1 2, 3, 4, 5

km h-1 1.61-4.28 rai h-1

1.3-1.5 l rai-1 (Table 2)

10x10 cm 1 m-1 1

10 80-90 %

(Chansrakoo, W., Sangpunta, P.,

Chamsing, A., Chagongjug, S.,2015.)

2

11

122 cm 2 20 42 cm

75% 3 km h-1 (Figure 12)

92%

Figure 11 The width adjusting of disc harrow on furrow

Figure12 Weed removal by the invented machine

Table 2 The effective field capacity

Velocity

(km h-1)

Capacity (rai h-1) Average

(rai h-1) 1 2 3

2 1.61 1.97 1.84 1.80 0.18

3 2.71 2.47 2.54 2.67 0.18

4 3.42 3.16 3.28 3.28 0.13

5 4.06 4.22 4.28 4.18 0.11

12

. . 2561

(

) ( 1,100 rai-1)

1. 120 rai-1

2. 80 rai-1

3. 2 kg-1 50 kg rai-1

100 rai-1

4. 120+ 80+100+ 800

1,100 rai-1

:

50% (Wanapu, C. 2015.) 50 kg rai-1

1 800-1,600 800

800x0.5 400 rai-1

(800 rai-1 30%)

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+ +

1. 400 rai-1

2. 400 rai-1

3. 400+400 800 rai-1

30% 300 rai-1

300,000 5-10

( .) 7 21,000

(300,000+21,000) 321,000

400 rai-1 30 rai day-1

50 rai-1 350 rai-1

- 10 rai day-1 (10x350) 3,500

day-1 (321,000/3,500) 92

3

- 20 rai day-1 (20x350) 7,000

day-1 46

- 30 rai day-1 (30x350) 10,500

day-1 31

1

5

( x x ) 230x300x250 cm

24 hp 4 50 kg

30-75 kg rai-1

3-4 rai h-1

30 rai day-1 80-90%

1.3-1.5 l rai-1 450 kg 1-2

1

6

7 Chansrakoo, W., Sangpunta, P., Chamsing, A.,

Chagongjug, S., 2015. Research and Development of

Weeder and Fertilization Cassava for a Power Tiller.

Bangkok, Department of Agriculture . Available at:

http://www.doa.go.th/research/attachment.php?aid=20

85. Accessed on 18 March 2016. (in Thai)

Field and Remewable Energy Tesearch Institute.

2013 .Soil, water and cassava cultivation management.

Department of Agriculture. Available at: http://www.

doa.go.th. Accessed on 4 December 2017. (in Thai)

Jeamjamnanja et al. 1994. The control period of

weed in cassava. Journal of Weed 2(3), 144-147.

(in Thai)

Matichon Online. 2017. The 5 ministries offer

banning herbicide ‘paraquat-chloropyrifos’ Apr. 17.

Available at: https://www.matichon.co.th/local/news_

520571. Accessed on 15 April 2017. (in Thai)

Office of Agricultural Economics. 2017. Agricultural

Statistics of Thailand 2016. Bangkok, Misistry of

Agriculture and Cooperatives.

Wanapu, C. 2015. Controlled-release urea fertilizer

by biopolymeric encapsulstion, Suranaree University of

Technology, Available at: http://www.sutir.sut.ac.th

Accessed on 18 March 2016. (in Thai)

RNAM. 1995. RNAM Test Codes and Procedures for

Farm Machinery. RNAM, Philippines. pp.130-149.

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