Agriculture Dev Elopement

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An application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Analysis of

Agricultural Development-Induced Changes in Land Use:A case study in Lao PDR

1). Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.2).Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao PDR.3). Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, JapanE-Mails: [email protected]; [email protected]

By

Boundeth Southavilay1)

,2)

, Teruaki Nanseki3)

The 30th APAN Meeting

August 2010, in Hanoi, Vietnam

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Contents1. Introduction

2. Statement of problems

3. Objectives

4. Materials and Methods

5. Study area

6. Results and Discussions

7. Conclusions

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Introduction In the last decade, in Laos GIS and Remote sensing (RS) has not much used in

countrywide, including agriculture sector did not applied this technique for their

agricultural development and land use planning.

A meanwhile, in that times agriculture lands in Laos were transformed from subsistence

farming in uneconomic-sized farms to commercial and market-oriented farms. These

transformed sometimes happens in improperly ways and induced to change in land use

and land covers by despoilment of forest covers and traditional farming system.

The problems above due to lack of an appropriate tool in terms of integrated spatial data

on land use/land covers. However, recently GIS and remote sensing has been using in

several types of works in both government and private agencies. As we know, GIS and

remote sensing have an important role in linkage and analysis of such data, in particular

for detection, interpretation, area calculation, monitoring and future estimating. Therefore,

this study applied GIS and remote sensing for analysis the land use pattern changes

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Statement of Problems

After 1999, the landscape in the study area has beenchanged cause of policy implementation such as rubberplantation and irrigation system were installed in the area,

and than this place was changed in dynamics way of landuse system

The forest area was destroyed by increasingly shiftingcultivation and rubber plantation areas

Lack of an appropriate tool for decision support system interms of land use decision

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Rubber plantation Shifting cultivation


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Objectives To illustrate the change detection of land use and land

covers

To create a tool for decision support system in thewatershed land use planning by created land zoning.

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Materials and Methods

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Materials Satellite images:

Landsat ETM+ (25 January 1999), LIGformat

Resolution 30 m (band 1-5,7)

15 m panchromatic

Landsat ETM+ (12 March 2004), BILformat

Resolution

25 m (band 1-5,7)

15 m panchromatic

GIS data bases with thematic maps (Road

networks, River networks, Village points,Contour line, DEM and Ground check point-from GPS)

Topography map 1:100,000

(Schema F-47-142 and F-47-130) Software: ArcView3.2a and Idrisi 32

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Methods1. Geometric correction- to georeference maps to a map

coordination system

Image 1999 was registered to local topography maps with 15ground control points. root-mean-square (RMC) error = 0.45pixels.

Image 2004 was registered with registered of image 1999(image to image). RMC= 0.14 pixels.

2. Change pixels size- because the pixel sizes of two images

are different (30m and 25m) Change pixel 30m of image 1999 to 25m of image 2004

3.

NDVI compositing utility

NDVI is useful for identifying of the green leaf from

other objects (water, soil) It is expressed value -1 to1 with 0 representing non vegetation

NDVI solve the shadow problem

NDVI= (b4-b3)/(b4+b3)

NDVI image

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Methods (cont.) Images interpretation by Supervised classification

Training area (AOI)

Supervised classification

Maximum likelihood method

The training area from two images 345,and 2ndvi7 in the1999 and 2004

classified to 11 classes 9

Create zone by overlaid three physical data (Ground data, GIS data and imageclassification)

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Study area

300msl1250msl

The area is located in the northern Laos,Lat: 6507'16" to 6759'13"Long: 22279'96" to 22556'22".

43 villages

Area 696 km2 Watershed boundary area = 22 km2

Elevation from 300 to 1,235 msl The lowland farms are located between 300 to 450 msl.

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Results and Discussions The result of interpretation of two images ETM+1999 and ETM+2004, it provided two

land use maps of 1999 and 2004. In each map was classified into 11 categories of landuse/land cover types

Land covers 1999

Land covers 2004

Intensive of changed areas11


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Results of Maximum LikelihoodClassification of two images

1999 and 2004

land use classes1999 2004

Km2 % Km2 %

Dark evergreen forest 199.54 28.66 148.7 21.4

Bright evergreen forest 173.94 24.99 134.8 19.4

Disturbed forest/fallow 164.27 23.60 305.1 43.8Bamboo 22.98 3.30 12.4 1.8

Field crop 32.53 4.67 4.0 0.6

Wet paddy 24.08 3.46 23.6 3.4

Irrigation paddy 0 0 10.5 1.5

Bare land/Wet soil 22.56 3.24 0 0Reservoir 0.02 0.00 6.6 0.9

Mekong 6.62 0.95 3.1 0.4

Sandy area 1.70 0.24 4.1 0.6

Shrub/other crops 47.92 6.88 43.2 6.2

Total 696.2 100.00 696.2 100.0

land use classesChanges

Km2 Percentage (%)Change rate(%km2/year)

Dark evergreen forest -50.84 -25.48 -5.10

Bright evergreen forest -39.14 -22.50 -4.50

Disturbed forest/fallow 140.83 85.73 17.15

Bamboo -10.58 -46.04 -9.21

Field crop -28.53 -87.70 -17.54

Wet paddy -0.48 -1.99 -0.40

Irrigation paddy 10.5 0.00

Bare land/Wet soil -22.56 -100.00 -20.00

Reservoir 6.6 0.00

Mekong -3.52 -53.17 -10.63Sandy area 2.4 141.18 28.24

Shrub/other crops -4.72 -9.85 -1.97

Changed

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Cheng detection

The change detection is the process of identifying differences in thestate of an object or phenomenon by observing it at different times(Singh, 1989).

The change detection of land use and land cover of the study areawas analyzed by cross-classification technique- by overlaid of two land use maps

+ =

1999 2004

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=

The change detection provides the characteristic changes of each land use type


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Legend:

DT

Disturbedforest/fallow

EF

Evergreenforest

FC

Fieldcrop

BB

Bamboo

BLBareland

WPD

Wetpaddy

IPD

Irrigationpaddy

RV

Reservoir

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detection of land use/land cover by cross-classification during 1999 to 2004

No Land use change 1999-2004 Pixels Hectares Km2 %

1 Disturbed > Evergreen Forest 42676 2,667.25 26.67 3.83

2 Evergreen Forest > Disturbed 215062 13,441.38 134.41 19.31

3 Field crop > Disturbed 35353 2,209.56 22.10 3.17

4 Bare land > Disturbed 38975 2,435.94 24.36 3.50

5 Disturbed > Field crop 867 54.19 0.54 0.08

6 Wet paddy > Field crop 932 58.25 0.58 0.08

7 Disturb > Wet paddy 5504 344.00 3.44 0.49

8 Bare land > Wet paddy 7702 481.38 4.81 0.69

9 Disturbed > Irrigation paddy 5883 367.69 3.68 0.53

10 Field crop > Irrigation paddy 476 29.75 0.30 0.04

11 Wet paddy > Irrigation paddy 5398 337.38 3.37 0.48

12 Disturbed > Reservoir 2627 164.19 1.64 0.24

13 Wet paddy > Reservoir 1941 121.31 1.21 0.17

14 Evergreen Forest > Bare land 3297 206.06 2.06 0.30

15 Disturbed > Bare land 20361 1,272.56 12.73 1.83

16 No changes 726786 45,424.13 454.24 65.25

Total 1113840 69615 696.15 100.00

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During 5 years 3land use types

were changed toshifting cultivation:

18,100ha


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Land use changed in watershed boundary

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Dense forest

Open forestShifting cultivation

Bamboo

Field crop

Wet paddy

Bare landShrub land/other

Dense forest

Open forest

Shifting cultivation

Bamboo

Field crop

Wet paddy

Irrigated paddy field

Reservoir

Shrub land/other

May,1999 March, 2004

Land use types1999 2004

Hectares % Hectares %

Irrigated paddy (dry season) 0.00 0.00 202.44 0.92

Reservoir 0.00 0.00 467.82 2.14

Bare land/wet soil 551.38 2.51 0.00 0.00

Field crop 830.69 3.79 46.44 0.21Bamboo 831.81 3.79 356.69 1.63

Wet paddy (rainy season) 952.56 4.34 740.25 3.37

Shrub/other crops 1596.69 7.28 1524.56 6.95

Mixed-deciduous forest 5286.25 24.10 2827.38 12.8

Dense forest 5813.31 26.50 4112.13 18.7

Shifting cultivation 6061.94 27.64 11657.81 53.1

Total areas 21935.50 100.0 21935.5 100.0

Land use/land cover changes from 1999 to 2004

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1 2Year

Area

(ha)

Dense forest Mix-deciduous forest Bamboo

Shifting cultivation Field crop Wet paddy

Irrigation paddy Bare land/wet soil Reservoir

Shrub/other cro s


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Zonation

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Groundinformation GISdata RemoteSensing

Landuse/landcover

Composite/NDVImaps

Combinelandusetype/landholding

Rastermaps:Slope,

Populationand

WatershedZonationmap

Vector maps:river,

DecisionSupportLanduse lannin

The zone was created by overlaid of three physical information (Ground data,GIS data and satellite imagery data)

The zonation can be regarded as a tool for sustainable agriculturaldevelopment in the watershed area.


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Developmentzone

Bufferzone

Conservationzone

The main purpose of this zone is toprotect forest covers because thiszone included headwater, district

protected area and high forest coverand biodiversity.

Area covered 43%

The development zone includes

integrated farming systems and morecommonly associated with upland

areas. Located along the river banksand foothills.

Land use options: paddy, fish ponds,rice/fish, terraced paddy, grazing,field crops, fruit trees, commercial

tree.Area covered: 32%

This zone is designed to linkbetween development and

conversation zones. Land use

option: field crop, fruit tree andcommercial tree

Area covered 25%

Suggestion zones for sustainable of watershed management


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The optional land use for sustainable agricultural development in thewatershed area

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x=Restricted potential, xx=Medium potential, xxx=High potential, o=not considered appropriate.


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Conservation zoneConservation zoneDevelopment zone

Buffer zone

The existing of land cover in the study area


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Development zone

Buffer zone

Conservation zone


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ConclusionsFor 1st objective

1.The total areas of the fallow forest were doubly increased from 16,427ha in 1999 to 30,510 ha in 2004. This land use type was high potential tobe mixed by different types of land use such as disturbed forest/fallow

forest/shifting cultivation/rubber plantation.

2.Based on our results suggest that after irrigation dam was constructed,several types of land use areas were changed (decreased/increased) and

fragmented (field crop, evergreen forest, fallow forest) as a result of bothfarmers who lost their lands and turned to clear-cut forest areas for uplandrice cultivation, and private investment on commercial tree (rubberplantation).

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Conclusions (cont.)

For 2nd objective

1.The tool for decision support system in sustainable of agricultural

development in this study is the land use zoning was created by GISand remote sensing technique. By created 3 main land use zones.

1. Conservation zone

2. Buffer zone

3. Development (Agricultural) zone2.These zones can be the most important tools for agriculturaldevelopment planning because it provided integrated information onsocial and physical aspects of the study area.

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Thank you very much for your

kind attention

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Agriculture Dev Elopement