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Disease and Vaccinations
AGRI 3364
What effects disease control?
Management Well fed Well managed healthy horses Which are not subjected to undue stress
Vaccinations alone will not Prevent disease
Disease Control
Incidence of infectious disease tends to
increase with what? Numbers
What other factors influence disease? Environment and Management
Quarantine may be necessary for new horses
Disease Control
Disease control programs may vary
according to? Age Type Number Stocking Density Facilities Geographic Location Potential Exposure to Individual Diseases
Vaccinations
Tetanus
Caused by Clostridium tetani Spores can live in soil for many years Not contagious Deep puncture wounds or open lacerations Act by preventing relaxation “Sawhorse” stance Become unable to eat or drink Finally cease to breathe
Diseases
Tetanus
Yearly booster for all horses Pregnant mares 4 – 6 wks before foaling Tetanus antitoxin also available for short
time protection
Diseases
Equine Encephalomyelitis
AKA Sleeping Sickness Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Strains Transmitted by mosquitoes Not contagious horse to horse Causes degeneration of the brain
High Fever Mild Depression Loss of Appetite
Diseases
Equine Encephalomyelitis
Paralysis eventually occurs Eating and Drinking Cease Annual Vaccination Suggested 4 to 6 months before foaling Foal vaccination at 3 to 4 months
Diseases
Influenza
Most common infectious respiratory disease Highly contagious Virus – can travel 35 yards Effects lungs causing discharge and
coughing Fever up to 106 Recovery within 10 days generally Viruses continually evolving Vaccination schedules vary
Diseases
Equine Herpesvirus
AKA Rhinopneumonitis Type 1 and Type 4 Both infect respiratory tract Similar characteristics to flu Type 1 causes abortions Type 4 commonly found in
Young horses entering into training Mares to be vaccinated at 5, 7, & 9 months
Diseases
Strangles
Bacterium Streptococcus equi Primarily effects young horses AKA distemper or barn fever Transmitted by direct contact also water
troughs, etc. Fever, depression, sore throat, enlarged
lymph nodes Vaccines are not completely effective Vaccine schedules vary
Diseases
Rabies
Neurological Disease Must be bitten by infected wildlife Negra bodies in brain Fatal
Diseases
Equine Infectious Anemia
Caused by a virus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus
Once infected always infected Most common transmitters are?
Flys Coggins test
If positive is suggested to euthanize
Diseases
West Nile Disease
Mosquito Borne virus First detected in US in 1999 Causes encephalitis No treatment known at this time Vaccine available now
Diseases
Equine Protozoal Myoencephalitis (EPM)
First Recognized in mid 1970’s Can affect any horse Caused by ingestion of protozoa Lead to in coordination Vaccine and treatment now available
Diseases
Vesicular Stomatitis
Virus Causes lesions, excessive salivation, and
drooling Generally breakouts occur in warm months Looks similar to foot and mouth disease Transmission not clear No specific treatment or cure Supportive Care
Diseases