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Agincourt, 25 October 1415. Hundred Years War Henry V Longbow Joan of Arc “Infantry Revolution” Constantinople. The 100 Years War 1337 to 1453. Edward III, King of England, Duke of Aquitane His cousin was Philip VI, King of France (thus Lord over Aquitane) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Agincourt, 25 October 1415• Hundred Years War• Henry V• Longbow• Joan of Arc• “Infantry Revolution”• Constantinople
The 100 Years War1337 to 1453
• Edward III, King of England, Duke of Aquitane• His cousin was Philip VI, King of France (thus Lord over
Aquitane)– He demanded that Edward swear allegiance
• Edward refused and plotted to place Robert, Duke of Suffolk, on the French throne
• Edward’s mother, Isabella, sided with Philip• Edward banished her to France and had her lover killed• England had fewer knights, less military experience, and
would have to fight in France
English Military Reforms
• Pay by taxation -- no plunder– English there to kill not
capture• Introduction of longbow
– Could fire five arrows before a knight could close the gap
– Requires skilled archers
Success of the System
• Crécy, 1346– English bowmen killed
1,542 French knights and lost just 200
• Poitiers, 1356– English killed 2,500
knights, lost 1,000• Led to a truce from
1396 to 1413
Henry V, who assumed the English crown in 1413
The Road to Agincourt
• Henry lost 3,000 of his 12,000 men to disease– He had just 900
knights• French found him near
Amiens and converged with 30,000 men
1,000 yards
Aftermath
• French lost 6,000 knights in a single afternoon
• English losses less than 150
• Henry ordered French prisoners killed
• We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he to-day that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition: And gentlemen in England now a-bed Shall think themselves accursed they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day.
Impacts
• French revival under Joan of Arc
• French use of culverins, infantry
• End of mounted knight
Constantinople, 1453
• Most powerful forts in the world
• Had never been taken by force
• Ottoman Turks used 70 guns, including 12 “superbombards”
• With these guns, Ottomans took the city in less than 2 months