Agilent 86060C-Series Lightwave Switches User's Guide

Agilent 86060C-SeriesLightwave SwitchesUser’s Guide

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© Copyright Agilent Technologies 2000All Rights Reserved. Repro-duction, adaptation, or trans-lation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under copy-right laws.

Agilent Part No. 86060-90041Printed in USAMarch 2000

Agilent Technologies Lightwave Division1400 Fountaingrove ParkwaySanta Rosa, CA 95403-1799, USA(707) 577-1400

Notice.The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Com-panies, names, and data used in examples herein are ficti-tious unless otherwise noted. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, includ-ing but not limited to, the implied warranties of mer-chantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be lia-ble for errors contained herein or for incidental or conse-quential damages in connec-tion with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Restricted Rights Legend.Use, duplication, or disclo-sure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and sub-paragraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies.

Warranty.This Agilent Technologies instrument product is war-ranted against defects in

material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the war-ranty period, Agilent Technol-ogies will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility desig-nated by Agilent Technolo-gies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay ship-ping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Agilent Technologies war-rants that its software and firmware designated by Agi-lent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Tech-nologies does not warrant that the operation of the instru-ment, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.

Limitation of Warranty.The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfac-ing, unauthorized modifica-tion or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies specifically dis-claims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Exclusive Remedies.The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive remedies. Agilent Technolo-

gies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, inci-dental, or consequential dam-ages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Safety Symbols.CAUTION

The caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not cor-rectly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a cau-tion sign until the indicated conditions are fully under-stood and met.

WARNING

The warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not cor-rectly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

The instruction man-ual symbol. The prod-uct is marked with this warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.

The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on products which have a laser output.

The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power.

| The ON symbols are used to mark the posi-tions of the instrument power line switch.

The OFF symbols are used to mark the positions of the instru-ment power line switch.

The CE mark is a reg-istered trademark of the European Commu-nity.

The CSA mark is a reg-istered trademark of the Canadian Stan-dards Association.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spec-trum Management Agency.

This text denotes the instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

Typographical Conven-

tions.

The following conventions are used in this book:

Key type for keys or text located on the keyboard or instrument.

Softkey type for key names that are displayed on the instru-ment’s screen.

Display type for words or characters displayed on the computer’s screen or instru-ment’s display.

User type for words or charac-ters that you type or enter.

Emphasis type for words or characters that emphasize some point or that are used as place holders for text that you type.

ISM1-A

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General Safety Considerations


This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publica-tion 61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

W A R N I N G If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by

the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a

normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

W A R N I N G To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent 86060C from

mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with

water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean

internally.

W A R N I N G This is a Safety Class 1 product (provided with a protective earthing

ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be

inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.

Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the

product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional

interruption is prohibited.

W A R N I N G No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified

personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

W A R N I N G On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “A”

channel will likely be output on one of the unselected “B” channels.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “B”

channel will likely be output on an unselected “A” channel.

To avoid exposure to light energy, always cover all unused channels.

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W A R N I N G For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only

with same type and ratings, (type T 0.315A/250V for 100/120V

operation and 0.16A/250V for 220/240V operation). The use of other

fuses or materials is prohibited. Verify that the value of the line-

voltage fuse is correct.

• For 100/120V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.315 A, 250 V, Agilent part number 2110-0449.

• For 220/240V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.16 A, 250 V, Agilent Technologies part number 2110-0448.

C A U T I O N Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage selector switch is set to the line voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse is installed. Assure the supply voltage is in the specified range.

C A U T I O N This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

C A U T I O N VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

C A U T I O N Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause instrument damage.

C A U T I O N Do not connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct. Damage to the equipment could result.

C A U T I O N This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

Contents

Contents-1

1 General Information

Channels, Options, and Accessories 1-3Specifications and Regulatory Information 1-7Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 1-12Returning the Instrument for Service 1-22Agilent Technologies Service Offices 1-25

2 Installing

Step 1. Inspect the shipment 2-3Step 2. Check the fuse 2-4Step 3. Connect the line-power cable 2-5Power Cords 2-6Step 4. Turn on the lightwave switch 2-7Step 5. Performing an operational check 2-8If The Operational Check Fails 2-10

3 Using the Switch

Front-Panel Features 3-3Rear-Panel Features 3-5Changing Switch Position 3-6Adjusting Display Contrast 3-7Saving Switch States 3-7

4 Programming

General Information 4-3Programming over GPIB 4-6Programming over RS-232 4-8Common Commands 4-11Standard SCPI Commands 4-22Instrument Specific Commands 4-26Error Messages 4-30Programming Examples 4-31

5 Servicing

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure 5-4Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-7

1

Channels, Options, and Accessories 1-3Specifications and Regulatory Information 1-7Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 1-12Returning the Instrument for Service 1-22Agilent Technologies Service Offices 1-25

General Information

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General InformationGeneral Information

General Information

The Agilent 86060C-series lightwave switches cover a broad range of switch-ing capacity and provide for accurate and repeatable measurements. Configur-ing the switch is easy because the signal routing is shown graphically on the display. You can easily integrate the switch into an automated test system using SCPI-compatible commands via GPIB or RS-232 interfaces. The Agilent 86060C-series lightwave switches are temperature stabilized.

• The Agilent 86060C is a compact switch with 4 to 8 output channels and 1 or 2 inputs.

• The HP 86061C is a mid-size switch in a half-width chassis, with 1 or 2 input channels. It can accommodate from 4 to 12 output channels on the front panel, and up to 18 outputs on the rear panel.

• The HP 86062C is a full-width switch with 20 to 100 output channels.

W A R N I N G On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an

unselected “A” channel will likely be output on one of the

unselected “B” channels.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an

unselected “B” channel will likely be output on an unselected

“A” channel.


C A U T I O N Improper connector care, cleaning, or use of mismatched cable connectors can invalidate the published specifications and damage connectors. Clean all cables before applying to any connector. Repair of damaged connectors due to improper use is not covered under warranty. Refer to “Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements” on page 1-12 for proper cleaning procedures.

C A U T I O N OPTION 3XX INSTRUMENTS: To avoid damage, handle the pigtail fiber with care. Use only an appropriate fiber cleaver tool for cutting the fiber. Do not pull the bare fiber out of its jacket, crush it, kink it, or bend it past its minimum bend radius.

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General InformationChannels, Options, and Accessories

Channels, Options, and Accessories

Fiber-optic cables

The lightwave switch use one of three types of fiber-optic cables. To deter-mine which fiber-optic cable type your lightwave switch uses, refer to the rear-panel serial number label. This label indicates the installed options which are defined in the following list:

Option 109:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1280–1650 nm, 9/125 µm single-mode fiber Option 163:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750–1350 nm, 62.5/125 µm multimode fiberOption H51: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .750–1350 nm, 50/125 µm multimode fiber

Switching is bi-directional

The lightwave switches are based on a moving fiber technology where an input fiber is aligned with any one of “N” fixed output fibers. The input fiber is posi-tioned by means of a precision stepper motor. Lightwave switches with two input fibers allow the user to position either input A1 or A2 to a specific out-put channel. The non-selected input may or may not align with another out-put channel.

Lightwave switches with three or more “B” channels have an additional posi-tion called channel O or OFF.

Special ordered instruments

Normal lightwave switches have only one layer installed. (A switch layer is a switch matrix of “A” ports and “B” ports.) However, special ordered instru-ments may have multiple switch layers installed. If the rear panel shows more than one set of “A” ports and “B” ports, the instrument has multiple switch layers. Other switch configurations, such as non-blocking matrices are avail-able as special orders.

Serial numbers

Agilent Technologies makes frequent improvements to its products to enhance their performance, usability, or reliability, and to control costs. Agi-lent Technologies service personnel have access to complete records of design changes to each type of equipment, based on the equipment’s serial number.

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Whenever you contact Agilent Technologies about your lightwave switch, have the complete serial number available to ensure obtaining the most complete and accurate information possible.

A serial-number label is attached to the rear of the lightwave switch. It con-tains the serial number and the options installed in the lightwave switch.

Whenever you specify the serial number or refer to it in obtaining information about your lightwave switch, be sure to use the complete number, including the full prefix and suffix.

Table 1-1. Output Channels

Agilent 86060C Compact Lightwave Switch

HP 86061C Mid-Size Lightwave Switch

HP 86062C Full-Size Lightwave Switch

Number of Output Channels

04

06

08

04

08

12

16

20

24

28

32

40

48

56

64

72

80

00 (100 output channels)

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Table 1-2. Options (1 of 2)

Option Description

Number of Input Channels (select one):

Option 001 Single input channel

Option 002 Two input channels

Wavelength and Fiber Type (select one):

Option 109 1280–1650 nm, 9/125 µm single-mode fiber

Option 163 750–1350 nm, 62.5/125 µm multimode fiber

Option H51 750–1350 nm, 50/125 µm multimode fiber (special order)

Port Type (select one):

Option 050 Connectors on front panel. (Only available on an Agilent 86060C or HP 86061C, with Option 204.)

Option 051 Connectors on rear panel. (For connectorized outputs only.)

Option 052 3 meter fiber out of the rear panel. (For connectorized outputs, the connector is at the end of the 3 meter fiber.)

Output Channels (select one):

Option 2XX Where XX is the number of connectorized output channels. (Note: Option 200 is 100 connectorized output channels.)

Option 3XX Where XX is the number of non-connectorized output channels. (Note: Option 300 is 100 non-connectorized output channels.)

Connector Type (for connectorized ports or fibers only):

Option 012 FC/PC connectors

Option 014 ST connectors

Option 017 SC connectors

FC/APC or SC/APC connectors (special order)

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Optional Accessories

Option ABJ User’s manual in Japanese

Option UK6 Commercial calibration certificate with test data

Option 1CM Rack-mount flange kit

Option 1CN Front handle kit

Option 1CP Rack mount flange kit with handles

Table 1-3. Accessories

Agilent Part Number

Description

5062-3957 Rack mount adapter kit for a single half-width instrument.

5062-3977 Rack mount adapter kit for two adjacent half-width instruments.

5062-4079 Lock link kit for the Agilent 5062-3977.

5952-4079 Fiber Optics Handbook, an introduction to, and a reference for, fiber-optic measurements.

Table 1-2. Options (2 of 2)

Option Description

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General InformationSpecifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

This section lists specifications and regulatory information of the Agilent 86060C-series lightwave switches. Specifications apply over the tem-perature range +0°C to +55°C (unless otherwise noted). All specifications apply after the instrument’s temperature has been stabilized after 120 minutes of continuous operation.

Table 1-4 on page 1-8 lists specification, characteristics, and nominal values. The distinction between these terms is described as follows:

Specifications Specifications describe warranted performance.

Characteristics Characteristics provide useful information by giving functional, but nonwar-ranted, performance parameters. Characteristics are printed in italics.

Nominal values Nominal value indicates the expected, but not warranted, value of the param-eter.

Calibration cycle Agilent Technologies warrants instrument specifications over the recom-mended calibration interval. To maintain specifications, periodic recalibrations are necessary. We recommend that the Agilent 86060C-series switches be cali-brated at an Agilent Technologies service facility every 24 months.


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Table 1-4. Optical Interface Specifications and Characteristics

Insertion Lossa

Single-mode switches

Multi-mode switches

a. Insertion loss does not include connectors. Include an additional 0.5 dB (0.25 dB characteristic) for eachconnector.

1.0 dB (0.7 dB)

0.8 dB (0.6 dB)

Insertion Loss Stabilityb

b. Drift of any channel relative to one assigned reference channel at ±3°C deviation of ambient temperatureover 7 day period.

±0.03 dB (±0.025)

Repeatability c

Sequential switching

Random switching

c. Repeatability measured after four (4) hours warm-up and with a one (1) second pause betweenmovements.

±0.008 dB (±0.005)

±0.025 dB (±0.01)

Optical Return Lossd

Single-mode

Multimode

d. Excludes external pigtail backscatter and connector reflections.

58 dB (62 dB)

20 dB (25 dB)

Polarization Dependent Losse

e. Polarization dependent loss only applies to single-mode switches and is measured at 1550 nm.

0.05 dB (0.02 dB)

Isolation –80 dB (–100 dB)

Typical Switching Life 10 million cycles, minimum

Switching TimeBetween adjacent channels

Each additional channel330 msec

50 msec

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Table 1-5. Switching Time Sample (msec)

Switch Sizea Switch Starting Channel to Adjacent Channels

Plus Additional Time/Channel

Maximumb Switching Time

1×4 Agilent 86060C, HP 86061C

290 40 370

1×8 Agilent 86060C, HP 86061C

290 40 530

1×56 HP 86062C 258 7.5 663 1×100 HP 86062C 258 7.5 993

a. Note that the switch mechanism used for channel count greater than 48 is different, hence switching time.b. Switching time = (switching between starting and adjacent channel) + (additional time/channel) × remaining channel increments to reach

last channel.

Table 1-6. General Specifications (1 of 2)

OPTICAL CONNECTORSa,b,c

Option 012 FC/PC connectors Option 014 ST connectors Option 017 SC connectors

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Temperature Range OperatingStorage

+0°C to +55°C–40°C to +70°C

HumidityOperatingStorage

Maximum relative humidity 95% for temperatures up to 40°C (non-condensing)Maximum relative humidity less than 90% at 65°C

Altitude Altitude up to 15,000 feet (4,572 meters). EMI Compatibility Conducted and radiated emissions meet the requirements of CISPR Publication 11 and

EN 55011 Group 1, Class A. Power Requirements 100/115/230/240 V (range 90 to 254 Vac),

50/60 Hz (range 47 to 63 Hz) Power Consumption Up to 80 VA Installation Category Category II per I.E.C. 1010 Pollution Degree Degree 2 per I.E.C. 664 Usage For indoor use. Enclosure Protection IP 2 0, according to IEC 529

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Regulatory Information

This instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Dec-laration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung –3.GSGV Deutschland).

Weight (dependent on # of channels)

Agilent 86060CHP 86061CHP 86062C

3.76 kg to 4.1 kg (8.4 lb to 9.2 lb)4.0 kg to 6.18 kg (8.8 lb to 13.6 lb)7.72 kg to 13.74 kg (17.25 lb to 30.7 lb)

Dimensions (H × W × D) d

Agilent 86060CHP 86061CHP 86062C

132.6 × 213 × 345.4 mm (5.25 × 8.39 × 14 in) 177 × 213 × 345.4 mm (7 × 8.39 × 14 in)177 × 425 × 345.4 mm (7 × 16.75 × 14 in)

a. All Agilent 86060C-series lightwave switches must specify one of the following options, except when specifying Option 3xx.b. Unlike most Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments, connector types are not interchangeable.c. Other connector types are available upon request.d. Feet add 12.5 mm to the height of the instrument.

Table 1-6. General Specifications (2 of 2)

Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration

Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission

LpA < 70 dB LpA < 70 dB

Operator position am Arbeitsplatz

Normal position normaler Betrieb

per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t.19

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1-12

General InformationCleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Today, advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connec-tion techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on cali-bration and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can degrade measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a dam-aged connector can cost thousands of dollars, not to mention lost time! This expense can be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this book. This book also contains a brief list of tips for caring for electrical connec-tors.

Choosing the Right Connector

A critical but often overlooked factor in making a good lightwave measure-ment is the selection of the fiber-optic connector. The differences in connec-tor types are mainly in the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in position against another identical ferrule. Connectors also vary in the polish, curve, and concentricity of the core within the cladding. Mating one style of cable to another requires an adapter. Agilent Technologies offers adapters for most instruments to allow testing with many different cables. Figure 1-1 on page 1-13 shows the basic components of a typical connectors.

The system tolerance for reflection and insertion loss must be known when selecting a connector from the wide variety of currently available connectors. Some items to consider when selecting a connector are:

• How much insertion loss can be allowed?

• Will the connector need to make multiple connections? Some connectors are better than others, and some are very poor for making repeated connections.

• What is the reflection tolerance? Can the system take reflection degradation?

• Is an instrument-grade connector with a precision core alignment required?

• Is repeatability tolerance for reflection and loss important? Do your specifica-

1-13


tions take repeatability uncertainty into account?

• Will a connector degrade the return loss too much, or will a fusion splice be re-quired? For example, many DFB lasers cannot operate with reflections from connectors. Often as much as 90 dB isolation is needed.

Figure 1-1. Basic components of a connector.

Over the last few years, the FC/PC style connector has emerged as the most popular connector for fiber-optic applications. While not the highest perform-ing connector, it represents a good compromise between performance, reli-ability, and cost. If properly maintained and cleaned, this connector can withstand many repeated connections.

However, many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most connectors, including the FC/PC style, can deliver. These instruments cannot tolerate connectors with the large non-concentricities of the fiber common with ceramic style ferrules. When tighter alignment is required, Agilent Technologies instruments typically use a connector such as the Diamond HMS-10, which has concentric tolerances within a few tenths of a micron. Agi-lent Technologies then uses a special universal adapter, which allows other cable types to mate with this precision connector. See Figure 1-2.

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Figure 1-2. Universal adapters to Diamond HMS-10.

The HMS-10 encases the fiber within a soft nickel silver (Cu/Ni/Zn) center which is surrounded by a tough tungsten carbide casing, as shown in Figure 1-3.

Figure 1-3. Cross-section of the Diamond HMS-10 connector.

The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber to be moved to the desired position. This process first stakes the soft nickel silver to fix the fiber in a near-center location, then uses a post-active staking to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0.2 µm. This process, plus the keyed axis, allows very precise core-to-core alignments. This connector is found on most Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments.

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The soft core, while allowing precise centering, is also the chief liability of the connector. The soft material is easily damaged. Care must be taken to mini-mize excessive scratching and wear. While minor wear is not a problem if the glass face is not affected, scratches or grit can cause the glass fiber to move out of alignment. Also, if unkeyed connectors are used, the nickel silver can be pushed onto the glass surface. Scratches, fiber movement, or glass contamina-tion will cause loss of signal and increased reflections, resulting in poor return loss.

Inspecting Connectors

Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immedi-ately obvious to the naked eye, poor measurements result without the user being aware. Microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the best way to ensure good measurements. Good cleaning practices can help ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-to-glass interfaces, any degradation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber, any stray particles, or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance. Where many repeat connections are required, use of a connector saver or patch cable is recommended.

Figure 1-4 shows the end of a clean fiber-optic cable. The dark circle in the center of the micrograph is the fiber’s 125 µm core and cladding which carries the light. The surrounding area is the soft nickel-silver ferrule. Figure 1-5 shows a dirty fiber end from neglect or perhaps improper cleaning. Material is smeared and ground into the end of the fiber causing light scattering and poor reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this action can grind off the glass face and destroy the connector.

Figure 1-6 shows physical damage to the glass fiber end caused by either repeated connections made without removing loose particles or using improper cleaning tools. When severe, the damage of one connector end can be transferred to another good connector endface that comes in contact with the damaged one. Periodic checks of fiber ends, and replacing connecting cables after many connections is a wise practice.

The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care as described in the following list and in “Cleaning Connectors” on page 1-19.

1-16


Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when making measurements on a fiber-optic system:

• Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the connector.

• Avoid matching gel and oils.

Figure 1-4. Clean, problem-free fiber end and ferrule.

Figure 1-5. Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning.

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Figure 1-6. Damage from improper cleaning.

While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the end of the fiber. Also, some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting con-nectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors, these glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil must be used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement, and then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections and never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent of damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the instrument.

• When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector, gently insert it in as straight a line as possible. Tipping and inserting at an angle can scrape material off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connectors made with ceramic material.

• When inserting a fiber-optic connector into a connector, make sure that the fi-ber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.

• Avoid over tightening connections.

Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is not better. The purpose of the connector is to bring two fiber ends together. Once they touch, tightening only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate fibers. With connec-tors that have a convex fiber end, the end can be pushed off-axis resulting in misalignment and excessive return loss. Many measurements are actually improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the tighter connection is more likely to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch.

1-18


• Keep connectors covered when not in use.

• Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best con-nector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean every connec-tor, every time.

All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera. The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use, there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass and ruin the connector.

Measuring insertion loss and return loss

Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indica-tion that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are key factors in determining optical connector performance they can be used to determine connector degradation. A smooth, polished fiber end should pro-duce a good return-loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes the difference between the “PC” (physical contact) and the “Super PC” con-nectors. Most connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass connections, therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean and free of scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the glass, may show scratches and wear, if the glass has maintained its polished smoothness, the connector can still provide a good low level return loss con-nection.

If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, you will be able to tell in the future if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance con-nectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflection the better (the larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection). The best physically contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to 40 dB is more common.

1-19


Visual inspection of fiber ends

Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections on the cable end face can be detected as well as cracks or chips in the fiber itself. Use a microscope (100X to 200X magnification) to inspect the entire end face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any other imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfec-tions not touching the fiber core may not affect performance (unless the imperfections keep the fibers from contacting).

W A R N I N G Always remove both ends of fiber-optic cables from any instrument,

system, or device before visually inspecting the fiber ends. Disable all

optical sources before disconnecting fiber-optic cables. Failure to do

so may result in permanent injury to your eyes.

Cleaning Connectors

The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiber-optic cables and Agilent Technologies universal adapters. The initial cleaning, using the alcohol as a solvent, gently removes any grit and oil. If a caked-on layer of material is still present, (this can happen if the beryllium-copper sides of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during insertion of the cable), a second cleaning should be performed. It is not uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning.

C A U T I O N Agilent Technologies strongly recommends that index matching compounds not be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as gels, may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.

Table 1-7. Cleaning Accessories

Item Agilent Part Number

Any commercially available denatured alcohol —

Cotton swabs 8520-0023

Small foam swabs 9300-1223

Compressed dust remover (non-residue) 8500-5262

1-20


To clean a non-lensed connector

C A U T I O N Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.

1 Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain on the fiber end after cleaning.

2 Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of the fiber.

3 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

4 Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.

Do not scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the swab and become a gouging element.

5 Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

6 Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the fiber end face.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.

Table 1-8. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments

Item Agilent Part Number

Laser shutter cap 08145-64521

FC/PC dust cap 08154-44102

Biconic dust cap 08154-44105

DIN dust cap 5040-9364

HMS10/dust cap 5040-9361

ST dust cap 5040-9366

1-21


C A U T I O N Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.

7 As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.

If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the con-nector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.

To clean an adapter

The fiber-optic input and output connectors on many Agilent Technologies instruments employ a universal adapter such as those shown in the following picture. These adapters allow you to connect the instrument to different types of fiber-optic cables.

Figure 1-7. Universal adapters.

1 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a clean foam swab.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain after cleaning. The foam swabs listed in this section’s introduction are small enough to fit into adapters.

Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits, these deposits are very thin, and the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly out-weighs the risk of contamination by foam swabs.

2 Clean the adapter with the foam swab.

3 Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean, dry, foam swab.

4 Blow through the adapter using filtered, dry, compressed air.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used. Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.

1-22

General InformationReturning the Instrument for Service

Returning the Instrument for Service

The instructions in this section show you how to properly return the instru-ment for repair or calibration. Always call the Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center first to initiate service before returning your instrument to a service office. This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be properly tracked and that your instrument will be returned to you as quickly as possi-ble. Call this number regardless of where you are located. Refer to “Agilent Technologies Service Offices” on page 1-25 for a list of service offices.

Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 403-0801

If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent Technolo-gies maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies mainte-nance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit.

When an instrument is returned to a Agilent Technologies service office for servicing, it must be adequately packaged and have a complete description of the failure symptoms attached. When describing the failure, please be as spe-cific as possible about the nature of the problem. Include copies of additional failure information (such as the instrument failure settings, data related to instrument failure, and error messages) along with the instrument being returned.

Preparing the instrument for shipping

1 Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument. Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following

1-23


information should be returned with the instrument.

• Type of service required. • Date instrument was returned for repair. • Description of the problem:

• Whether problem is constant or intermittent. • Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive. • Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive. • Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem. • Performance data.

• Company name and return address. • Name and phone number of technical contact person. • Model number of returned instrument. • Full serial number of returned instrument. • List of any accessories returned with instrument.

2 Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you first received the instrument.

C A U T I O N Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical contact or dust.

C A U T I O N Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They do not adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in the carton. They may also cause instrument damage by generating static electricity.

3 Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are available through any Agilent Technologies office. Or, use the following guidelines:

• Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage caused by electrostatic discharge.

• For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, cor-rugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.

• The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accom-modate the weight of the instrument.

• Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches) of packing ma-terial, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Cap™ from

1-24


Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Cap™ to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this ma-terial will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.

4 Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.

5 Mark the carton “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”.

6 Retain copies of all shipping papers.

1-25

General InformationAgilent Technologies Service Offices

Agilent Technologies Service Offices

Before returning an instrument for service, call the Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center at (800) 403-0801, visit the Test and Measurement Web Sites by Country page at http://www.tm.agilent.com/tmo/country/English/index.html, or call one of the numbers listed below.

Agilent Technologies Service Numbers

Austria 01/25125-7171

Belgium 32-2-778.37.71

Brazil (11) 7297-8600

China 86 10 6261 3819

Denmark 45 99 12 88

Finland 358-10-855-2360

France 01.69.82.66.66

Germany 0180/524-6330

India 080-34 35788

Italy +39 02 9212 2701

Ireland 01 615 8222

Japan (81)-426-56-7832

Korea 82/2-3770-0419

Mexico (5) 258-4826

Netherlands 020-547 6463

Norway 22 73 57 59

Russia +7-095-797-3930

Spain (34/91) 631 1213

Sweden 08-5064 8700

Switzerland (01) 735 7200

United Kingdom 01 344 366666

United States and Canada (800) 403-0801

2

Step 1. Inspect the shipment 2-3Step 2. Check the fuse 2-4Step 3. Connect the line-power cable 2-5Step 4. Turn on the lightwave switch 2-7Step 5. Performing an operational check 2-8If The Operational Check Fails 2-10

Installing

2-2

InstallingInstalling

Installing

W A R N I N G Before installing the lightwave switch, See “General Safety

Considerations” on page iii of this manual.

C A U T I O N OPTION 3XX INSTRUMENTS: To avoid damage, handle the pigtail fiber with care. Use only an appropriate fiber cleaver tool for cutting the fiber. Do not pull the bare fiber out of its jacket, crush it, kink it, or bend it past its minimum bend radius.

Install the instrument so that the front panel ON/OFF switch is readily identi-fiable and is easily reached by the operator. The ON/OFF switch, or the detachable power cord, is the instrument disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuit from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument. Alternatively, an external installed switch or circuit breaker (which is easily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.

Install the instrument according to the enclosure protection provided. This instrument does not protect against the ingress of water. This instrument does protect against finger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure.

2-3

InstallingStep 1. Inspect the shipment

Step 1. Inspect the shipment

1 Verify that all components ordered have arrived by comparing the shipping forms to the original purchase order. Inspect all shipping containers.

If your shipment is damaged or incomplete, save the packing materials and notify both the shipping carrier and the nearest Agilent Technologies service office. Agilent Technologies will arrange for repair or replacement of damaged or incomplete shipments without waiting for a settlement from the transportation company. Notify the Agilent Technologies customer engineer of any problems.

2 Make sure that the serial number and options listed on the instrument’s rear-panel label match the serial number and options listed on the shipping document.

2-4

InstallingStep 2. Check the fuse

Step 2. Check the fuse

1 Locate the line-input connector on the instrument’s rear panel.

2 Disconnect the line-power cable if it is connected.

3 Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to open the pull-out line fuse drawer.

W A R N I N G For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only

with same type and ratings (2A/250V). The use of other fuses or

materials is prohibited.

Figure 2-1. Changing the fuse

4 Verify that the value of the line fuse in the pull-out drawer is correct.

115V operation, 5×20 mm, 2A, 250 V, fast acting UL/CSA fuse: . . 2110-0702230V operation, 5×20 mm, 2A, 250 V, fast acting IEC fuse:. . . . . . 2110-0702

2-5

InstallingStep 3. Connect the line-power cable

Step 3. Connect the line-power cable

1 Verify that the line power meets the requirements shown in the following table.

2 Connect the line-power cord to the instrument’s rear-panel connector.

3 Connect the other end of the line-power cord to the power receptacle.

The lightwave switch is equipped with a three-wire power cable, in accor-dance with international safety standards. When connected to an appropriate power line outlet, this cable grounds the instrument cabinet.

Various power cables are available to connect the lightwave switch to the types of ac power outlets unique to specific geographic areas. The cable appropriate for the area to which the lightwave switch is originally shipped is included with the unit. You can order additional ac power cables for use in dif-ferent areas. “Power Cords” on page 2-6 lists the available ac power cables, illustrates the plug configurations, and identifies the geographic area in which each cable is appropriate.

Table 2-1. Agilent 86060C-Series Power Requirements

Characteristic Requirement

Input Voltage within range 90 to 254 Vac

Frequency within range 47 to 63 Hz

Power 80 VA (maximum)

2-6

InstallingPower Cords

Power Cords

Plug Type Cable Part No. Plug Description Length (in/cm) Color Country

250V 8120-13518120-1703

Straight *BS1363A90°

90/22890/228

GrayMint Gray

United Kingdom, Cyprus, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Singapore

250V 8120-1369

8120-0696

Straight *NZSS198/ASC90°

79/200

87/221

Gray

Mint Gray

Australia, New Zealand

250V 8120-16898120-16928120-2857p

Straight *CEE7-Y1190°Straight (Shielded)

79/20079/20079/200

Mint GrayMint GrayCoco Brown

East and West Europe, Saudi Arabia, So. Africa, India (unpolarized in many nations)

125V 8120-13788120-15218120-1992

Straight *NEMA5-15P90°Straight (Medical) UL544

90/22890/22896/244

Jade GrayJade GrayBlack

United States, Canada, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan

250V 8120-21048120-2296

Straight *SEV10111959-24507Type 12 90°

79/20079/200

Mint GrayMint Gray

Switzerland

220V 8120-29568120-2957

Straight *DHCK10790°

79/20079/200

Mint GrayMint Gray

Denmark

250V 8120-42118120-4600

Straight SABS16490°

79/20079/200

Jade Gray Republic of South AfricaIndia

100V 8120-47538120-4754

Straight MITI90°

90/23090/230

Dark Gray Japan

* Part number shown for plug is the industry identifier for the plug only. Number shown for cable is the Agilent Technologies part number for the complete cable including the plug.

2-7

InstallingStep 4. Turn on the lightwave switch

Step 4. Turn on the lightwave switch

1 Turn the lightwave switch on by pressing the line switch. The liquid-crystal display (LCD) displays the message:

Initializing

When the switch is turned on, it automatically resets to channel 0 (reset, opti-cal off position).

Screen Saver

A screen-saver has been built in to the switch to prolong the lifetime of the backlit LCD. The screen-saver turns off the LCD backlighting after 10 minutes elapses without a front-panel key being pressed. The time interval is not adjustable. To resume operation, press any key.

2-8

InstallingStep 5. Performing an operational check

Step 5. Performing an operational check


Return loss Return loss can be tested using a number of different test equipment configu-rations. Some of these are:

• an Agilent 8703A lightwave component analyzer

• an Agilent 8702B lightwave component analyzer with the appropriate source, receiver and lightwave coupler

• an Agilent 8504B precision reflectometer

• an Agilent 8153A lightwave multimeter and Agilent 81534A return loss module

Many other possibilities exist. The basic requirements are an appropriate lightwave source, a compatible lightwave receiver, and a compatible lightwave coupler.

Refer to the manuals provided with your lightwave test equipment for infor-mation on how to perform a return loss test.

Typical return loss is better than 40 dB. For actual specifications on your par-ticular cable or accessory, refer to the manufacturer.

Insertion loss Insertion loss can be tested using a number of different test equipment config-urations. Some of these are:

• an Agilent 8702B or Agilent 8703A lightwave component analyzer system with a lightwave source and receivers

• an Agilent 83420 lightwave test set with an Agilent 8510 network analyzer

• an Agilent 8153A lightwave multimeter with a source and a power sensor mod-ule

2-9

InstallingStep 5. Performing an operational check

Many other possibilities exist. The basic requirements are an appropriate lightwave source and a compatible lightwave receiver. Refer to the manuals provided with your lightwave test equipment for information on how to per-form an insertion loss test.

Typical insertion loss for cables is less than 1 dB, and can be as little as 0.1 dB. For actual specifications on your particular cable or accessory, refer to the manufacturer.

2-10

InstallingIf The Operational Check Fails

If The Operational Check Fails

If the Agilent 86060C does not pass the operational check, you should review the procedure being performed when the problem occurred. A few minutes spent performing some simple checks may save waiting for your instrument to be repaired. Before calling Agilent Technologies or returning the unit for ser-vice, please make the following checks:

1 Is the line fuse good?

2 Does the line socket have power?

3 Is the unit plugged in to the proper ac power source?

4 Is the unit turned on?

5 If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the lightwave switch, are they connected properly and operating correctly?

6 Review the procedure for the test being performed when the problem appeared. Are all the settings correct?

7 Are the connectors clean? Refer to “Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements” on page 1-12 for more information about cleaning the connectors.

Refer to “Spare Channel Replacement Procedure” on page 5-4 for more infor-mation.

If the Agilent 86060C lightwave switch still fails, return it to Agilent Technolo-gies for repair; if the lightwave switch is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the lightwave switch is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit. Refer to “Returning the Instru-ment for Service” on page 1-22 for more information.

3

Front-Panel Features 3-3Rear-Panel Features 3-5Changing Switch Position 3-6Adjusting Display Contrast 3-7Saving Switch States 3-7

Using the Switch

3-2

Using the SwitchUsing the Switch

Using the Switch

This chapter describes the front and rear-panel features. It also provides step-by-step procedures for configuring the lightwave switch. Position the light-wave switch according to the enclosure protection provide. This instrument does not protect against the ingress of water. This instrument protects against finger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure.

W A R N I N G To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent 86060C-series

switch from the mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly

dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt

to clean internally.






“A” channel.


3-3

Using the SwitchFront-Panel Features

Front-Panel Features

Figure 3-1. The Agilent 86060C-series front-panel functional area

LINE Switch Turns the lightwave switch on and off. The front-panel LINE switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument.

Display Graphically shows current signal path of the switch and the current GPIB status of the RMT, LSN, TLK, and SRQ lines.

key Use this key to adjust the 0contrast of the display.

HELP key Press to use built-in Help. Then press any of the front-panel keys. A short explanation of that key’s function will be displayed.

Screen Saver

A screen-saver has been built in to the switch to prolong the lifetime of the backlit LCD. The screen-saver turns off the LCD backlighting after 10 minutes elapses without a front-panel key being pressed. The time interval is not adjustable. To resume operation, press any key.

3-4

Using the SwitchFront-Panel Features

LOCAL key Press this key to display the GPIB address of the lightwave switch. You can also change the address using the numeric keypad. If a computer has placed the instrument in remote control, is this key to reenable front-panel control.

SAVE & RECALL keys Use these keys to save and recall switch configurations. Ten internal memory registers, selected using the numeric keypad, are available.

SWITCH PORT key Repeatedly pressing this key activates either “A” or “B” channels. Once acti-vated, use the arrow keys to select the active switch port.

3-5

Using the SwitchRear-Panel Features

Rear-Panel Features

Figure 3-2. The Agilent 86060C-series rear-panel functional area

Optical

connector(s)

The number of optical connectors depends on the Agilent 86060C-series switch. The connectors are grouped as Port A and Port B.

GPIB connector Provides for remote control of the lightwave switch via the GPIB interface bus. Refer to “Programming over GPIB” on page 4-6.

RS-232 connector Provides for remote control of the lightwave switch via RS-232. Refer to “Pro-gramming over RS-232” on page 4-8.

3-6

Using the SwitchChanging Switch Position

Changing Switch Position

To set single port A switches

The 1 × N switch has a single Port A channel and multiple Port B channels.

1 To select a Port B channel, press: SWITCH PORT

The Port B channels are shown in inverse video and the prompt, Port B active, appears at the bottom of the display.

2 Use the arrow keys to change the Port B channel.

You can also use the numeric keys to enter the desired Port B channel. For example: 4 followed by ENTER.

The new connection is displayed on the front-panel display.

To set dual port A switches

The 2 × N switch has two Port A channels and multiple Port B channels.

1 To select the Port A channel, press: SWITCH PORT

The Port A channels are shown in inverse video and the prompt, Port A active, appears at the bottom of the display.

2 To select a Port B channel, again press: SWITCH PORT

The Port B channels are shown in inverse video and the prompt, Port B active, appears at the bottom of the display.

3 Use the arrow keys to change the channel.

You can also use the numeric keys to enter the desired channel. For example: 4 followed by ENTER.

The new connection is displayed on the front-panel display.

3-7

Using the SwitchAdjusting Display Contrast

Adjusting Display Contrast

To adjust the contrast of the display, press the key. Use the arrow keys to select the desired contrast, then press ENTER.

Saving Switch States

To save a state

To save the currently displayed switch state in one of the ten internal storage registers, press SAVE, and then press one of the numeric keys (0–9).

To recall a state

To recall a previously saved switch state from one of the ten internal storage registers, press RECALL, and then press one of the numeric keys (0–9).

4

General Information 4-3Programming over GPIB 4-6Programming over RS-232 4-8Common Commands 4-11Standard SCPI Commands 4-22Instrument Specific Commands 4-26Error Messages 4-30Programming Examples 4-31

Programming

4-2

ProgrammingProgramming

Programming

The programming instructions in this manual conform to the IEEE 488.2 Stan-dard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation and to the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI). The programming instruc-tions provide the means of remote control.

Where to begin . . .

• To program the Agilent 86060C-series lightwave switch, it is necessary to add either an GPIB or RS-232 interface to the rear panel of the switch.

• The programming examples for individual commands in this manual are writ-ten in HP1 BASIC 6.0 for an HP 9000 Series 200/300 Controller.

• For more information regarding the GPIB, the IEEE 488.2 standard, or the SCPI standard, refer to the following books:

Hewlett-Packard Company. Tutorial Description of Hewlett-Packard

Interface Bus, 1987.

Hewlett-Packard Company. SCPI—Standard Commands for

Programmable Instruments, 1991.

International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE

Standard 488.1-1987, IEEE Standard Digital Interface for

Programmable Instrumentation. New York, NY, 1987.

International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE

Standard 488.2-1987, IEEE Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols and

Common commands For Use with ANSI/IEEE Std 488.1-1987. New York, NY, 1987.

1. Hewlett-Packard and HP are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.

4-3

ProgrammingGeneral Information

General Information

This instrument has three types of commands:

• Common commands • Standard SCPI commands • Instrument specific commands

Common

commands

The common commands are the commands defined by IEEE 488.2. These commands control some functions that are common to all IEEE 488.2 instru-ments. Common command headers consist of only a single mnemonic pre-ceded by an asterisk.

Example: *RST

Standard SCPI

commands

The standard SCPI commands are the STATUS subsystem commands required for compatibility with SCPI. In most instruments, the STATUS subsystem com-mands are used to report device-dependent errors. In the lightwave switch, these commands have no function but are included for SCPI compatibility. Standard SCPI command headers are compound headers consisting of two or more mnemonics.

Example: :STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE

Instrument

specific commands

Instrument specific commands are those commands which are specific to the control of the switch. These commands control switch movements and report the configuration of the switch. Instrument specific commands are compound headers consisting of two or more mnemonics.

Example: :ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL

Setting the switches

Use the [:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel command to set the channel connections for a particular switch layer. A layer is a particular switch matrix that creates a path from an “A” port to a “B” port. When the lightwave switch has multiple

4-4


switch layers, the switch layers are referred to by the word LAYER in the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command. The numeric value at the end of the mnemonic LAYER selects the switch block to which the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command should be applied. For example, in the following program statement, the command is applied to switch layer 2 of the instrument.

OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER2:CHANNEL A2,B4"

The following HP BASIC statement command moves the switch on switch layer 1 to channel 1 of port A and channel 1 of port B:

OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A1,B1"

This next example sets port A to channel 2 and port B to channel 5:

OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A2,B5”

To learn more about this command, refer to “[:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel” on page 4-27.

The current switch setting can be queried. The query :ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL? places the current channel setting on layer 1 in the output queue. In HP BASIC, the controller input statement:

ENTER <device address>;Setting$

passes the value across the bus to the controller and places it in the variable Setting$.

Returning the switch to manual control

To return the switch to manual control after remote operation, press LOCAL.

Response generation

As defined by IEEE 488.2, query responses may be buffered for the following conditions:

• When the query is parsed by the instrument. • When the controller addresses the instrument to talk so that it may read the

response.

The responses to a query are buffered when the query is parsed.

4-5


Command headers immediately followed by a question mark (?) are queries. Query commands are used to find out information regarding the instrument’s current state. After receiving a query, the instrument interrogates the requested function and places the answer in its output queue. The answer remains in the output queue until it is read or another command is issued. When read, the answer is transmitted across the bus to the designated listener (typically a controller).

The output queue must be read before the next program message is sent. For example, when you send the query :SYSTEM:CONFIG? you must follow that query with an input statement. In HP BASIC, this is usually done with an ENTER statement immediately followed by a variable name. This statement reads the result of the query and places the result in a specified variable.

4-6

ProgrammingProgramming over GPIB

Programming over GPIB

This section describes the GPIB interface functions and some general con-cepts. In general, these functions are defined by IEEE 488.2. They deal with general interface management issues, as well as messages which can be sent as interface commands.

Default address The GPIB address is factory preset to 711. To change the GPIB address, press LOCAL. The last two digits of the current GPIB address are displayed. To enter a different address, press the two numeric keys for that address. For example: 14 for address 714, then press ENTER.

Command and

data concepts

The interface has two modes of operation:

• command mode • data mode

The bus is in the data mode when the ATN line is false. The data mode is used to convey device-dependent messages across the bus.

Addressing The address is used to determine which instrument on the interface bus with which the controller is communicating.

• Each device on the GPIB resides at a particular address, 0–30. • The active controller specifies which devices talk and which listen. • An instrument may be talk addressed, listen addressed, or unaddressed by the

controller.

If the controller addresses the instrument to talk, the instrument remains con-figured to talk until it receives an interface clear message (IFC), another instru-ment’s talk address (OTA), its own listen address (MLA), or a universal untalk command (UNT).

If the controller addresses the instrument to listen, the instrument remains configured to listen until it receives an interface clear message (IFC), its own talk address (MTA), or a universal unlisten command (UNL).

4-7

ProgrammingProgramming over GPIB

Interface select

code (selects

interface)

Each interface card has a unique interface select code. This code is used by the controller to direct commands and communications to the proper inter-face. The default is typically "7" for GPIB controllers.

Instrument

address (selects

instrument)

Each instrument on an GPIB must have a unique instrument address between decimal 0 and 30. The device address passed with the program message must include not only the correct instrument address, but also the correct interface select code.

DEVICE ADDRESS = (Interface Select Code * 100) + (Instrument Address)

For example, if the instrument address for the instrument is 4 and the interface select code is 7, when the program message is passed, the routine performs its function on the instrument at device address 704.

For this instrument, the address is typically set to "11" at the factory. This address can be changed by pressing the LOCAL key on the front panel.

Lockout With GPIB, the instrument is placed in the lockout mode by sending the local lockout command (LLO). The instrument can be returned to local by sending the go-to-local command (GTL) to the instrument.

Bus commands The following commands are IEEE 488.1 bus commands (ATN true). IEEE 488.2 defines many of the actions which are taken when these commands are received by the instrument.

The device clear (DCL) or selected device clear (SDC) commands clear the input and output buffers, reset the parser, and clear any pending commands.

The interface clear (IFC) command halts all bus activity. This includes unad-dressing all listeners and the talker, disabling serial poll on all devices, and returning control to the system controller.

NOTE

The examples in this manual assume the instrument is at device address 711.

NOTE

Cycling the power also restores front panel control.

4-8

ProgrammingProgramming over RS-232

Programming over RS-232

This section describes the interface functions and some general concepts of the RS-232 interface. The RS-232 interface on this instrument is Hewlett-Packard’s implementation of EIA Recommended Standard RS-232, "Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communications Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange." With this interface, data is sent one bit at a time and characters are not synchronized with preceding or subse-quent data characters. Each character is sent as a complete entity without relationship to other events.

Interface

operation

The switch can be programmed with a controller over RS-232 using an inter-face cable that is appropriate for your application. The operation and exact connections for this interface are described in more detail in the following sec-tions. When you are using a controller to program a switch over RS-232, you are normally operating directly between two DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) devices as compared to operating between a DTE device and a DCE (Data Communications Device) device.

Cables The type of RS-232 cable you use to connect the controller to the switch will depend on your application. The following paragraphs describe which lines of the switch are used to control the operation of the RS-232 bus relative to the switch. To locate the proper cable for your application, refer to the reference manual for your controller.

NOTE

IEEE 488.2 is designed to work with IEEE 488.1 as the physical interface. When RS-232 is used as the physical interface, as much of IEEE 488.2 is retained as the hardware dif-ferences will allow. No IEEE 488.1 messages such as DCL, GET, and END are available.

4-9


3-wire interface The switch uses a 3-wire RS-232 interface. It provides a simple connection between devices because you can ignore hardware handshake requirements. The switch uses the following connections on its RS-232 interface for 3-wire communication:

The TD (Transmit Data) line from the switch must connect to the RD (Receive Data) line on the controller. Likewise, the RD line from the switch must connect to the TD line on the controller. The RS-232 interface on the switch ignores all signals on the DCD, DSR, RTS, and CTS lines.

Interface settings The baud rate, stop bits, parity, protocol, and data bits must be configured exactly the same for both the controller and the switch to properly communi-cate over the RS-232 interface. The RS-232 interface capabilities of the light-wave switch are listed below:

Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200 or 9600Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NoneData Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Stop Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The baud rate is factory set to 9600 baud. To change the baud rate, press the

LOCAL key twice. The current baud rate is displayed. Use the arrow keys to change the baud rate to 1200 or 9600. When the desired rate is displayed, press ENTER.

Data bits Data bits are the number of bits sent and received per character that repre-sent the binary code of that character.

Switch Computer

SGND (Signal Ground) Pin 5 Pin 5

TD (Transmit Data from switch) Pin 2 Pin 2

RD (Receive Data into switch) Pin 3 Pin 3

NOTE

If the instrument is used with QBASIC programming language, pin 6, 7, and 8 of the DTE connector should be shorted together.

4-10


Information is stored in bytes (8 bits at a time) in the switch. Data can be sent and received just as it is stored, without the need to convert the data.

Communicating

over the RS-232

interface

Each RS-232 interface card has its own interface select code. This code is used by the controller to direct commands and communications to the proper interface. Unlike GPIB, which allows multiple devices to be connected through a single interface card, RS-232 is only connected between two devices at a time through the same interface card. Because of this, only the interface code is required for the device address.

Generally, the interface select code can be any decimal value between 0 and 31, except for those interface codes which are reserved by the controller for internal peripherals and other internal interfaces. This value can be selected through switches on the interface card. For more information, refer to the ref-erence manual for your interface card or controller.

RS-232 commands RS-232 control of the switch is initiated by sending the OPEN RS232 COM command over the interface. This places the switch in the remote mode and locks out the front panel. Pressing the LOCAL key will bring the instrument back to local mode.

Many of the commands used for controlling the switch and for retrieving data from the switch are the same as for the GPIB interface. Refer to the individual command descriptions to determine if the command applies to both GPIB and RS-232.

To end communications with the switch over the RS-232 interface, send the CLOSE RS232 COM command. This command returns control to the front panel of the instrument.

4-11

ProgrammingCommon Commands

Common Commands

The following commands are required by the IEEE 488.2–1987 standard.

*CLS (Clear Status)

The *CLS (clear status) common command clears all the event registers sum-marized in the Status Byte register. With the exception of the output queue, all queues that are summarized in the Status Byte Register are emptied. The error queue is also emptied. Neither the Standard Event Status Enable Regis-ter, nor the Service Request Enable Register are affected by this command.

After the *CLS command, the instrument is left in the idle state. The com-mand does not alter the instrument setting. *OPC/*OPC? actions are can-celled.

Usage: GPIB only

Command Syntax: *CLS

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*CLS"

*ESE (Event Status Enable)

The *ESE command sets the bits in the Standard Event Status Enable Regis-ter and enables the corresponding bits in the Standard Event Status Register. The Standard Event Status Enable Register contains a mask value for the bits to be enabled in the Standard Event Status Register. A bit set to one in the Standard Event Status Enable Register enables the corresponding bit in the Standard Event Status Register. A zero disables the bit. Refer to Table 4-1 for information about the Standard Event Status Enable Register bits, bit weights, and what each bit masks.

4-12

Programming*ESE (Event Status Enable)

The Standard Event Status Enable Register is cleared at power-on. The *RST and *CLS commands do not change the register.

The *ESE query returns the value of the Standard Event Status Enable Regis-ter.

Usage: GPIB only

Command Syntax: *ESE <mask>

Where: <mask> ::= 0 to 255

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*ESE 64"

In this example, the *ESE 64 command enables URQ (user request) bit 6 of the Standard Event Status Enable Register. Therefore, when a front-panel key is pressed, the ESB (event summary bit) in the Status Byte Register is also set.

Query Syntax: *ESE?

Returned Format: <mask><NL>

Where: <mask> ::= 0 to 255 (integer–NR1 format)

Table 4-1. Standard Event Status Enable Register

(High–Enables the ERS bit)

Bit Bit Weight Enables

7 128 PON – Power On

6 64 URQ – User Request

5 32 CME – Command Error

4 16 EXE – Execution Error

3 8 NOT USED

2 4 QYE – Query Error

4-13

Programming*ESR (Event Status Register)

*ESR (Event Status Register)

The *ESR query returns the value of the Standard Event Status Register.

When you read the Event Status Register, the value returned is the total of the bit weights of all of the bits that are set to one at the time you read the byte. Table 4-2 shows each bit in the Event Status Register and its bit weight.

Reading the register clears the Event Status Register.

Usage: GPIB only

Query Syntax: *ESR?

Returned Format: <status><NL>

Where: <status> ::= 0 to 255 (integer–NR1 format)

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*ESR?" ENTER 711;Event PRINT Event

1 2 NOT USED

0 1 OPC – Operation Complete

Table 4-1. Standard Event Status Enable Register

(High–Enables the ERS bit)


Table 4-2. Standard Event Status Register

Bit Bit Weight Condition

7 128 PON – Power On

6 64 URQ – User Request

5 32 CME – Command Error

4-14

Programming*IDN (Identification Number)

*IDN (Identification Number)

The *IDN query returns a string value which identifies the instrument type and firmware version.

An *IDN query must be the last query in a program message. Any queries after the *IDN query in a program message are ignored.

Usage: GPIB and RS-232

Query Syntax: *IDN?

Returned Format: "HEWLETT-PACKARD 8606XC, 0, VERSION <X.X>"

Where: <X.X> = firmware revision number

8606XC is the model number and can be 86060C, 86061C, or 86062C.

Example: DIM Id$[50] OUTPUT 711;"*IDN?" ENTER 711;Id$ PRINT Id$

4 16 EXE – Execution Error

3 8 NOT USED

2 4 QYE – Query Error

1 2 NOT USED

0 1 OPC – Operation Complete

Table 4-2. Standard Event Status Register


4-15

Programming*OPC (Operation Complete)

*OPC (Operation Complete)

The *OPC command sets the operation complete bit in the Standard Event Status Register when all pending device operations have finished.

The *OPC query places an ASCII "1" in the output queue when all pending device operations have finished.

Usage: GPIB only

Command Syntax: *OPC

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*OPC"

Query Syntax: *OPC?

Returned Format: 1<NL>

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*OPC?" ENTER 711;Op$

*RCL (Recall)

The *RCL command recalls the state of the instrument from the specified instrument state register. If the instrument state register has not been previ-ously stored, the *RCL command will restore the instrument to its power-on state.


NOTE

The *OPC command can be used to ensure all switch movement operations have com-pleted before continuing the program. By following a ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command with an *OPC query and an ENTER statement, the program will pause until the response (ASCII "1") is returned by the instrument.

4-16

Programming*RST (Reset)

Command Syntax: *RCL <value>

Where: <value> ::= 0 to 9 (integer–NR1 format)

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*RCL 3"

*RST (Reset)

The *RST command returns the switch to its power-up condition. For all lay-ers, each port is set to its OFF position or channel 1.


Command Syntax: *RST

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*RST"

*SAV (Save)

The *SAV command saves the current state of the instrument to the specified instrument state register.


Command Syntax: *SAV <value>


Example: OUTPUT 711;"*SAV 3"

4-17

Programming*SRE (Service Request Enable)

*SRE (Service Request Enable)

The *SRE command sets the bits in the Service Request Enable Register. The Service Request Enable Register contains a mask value for the bits to be enabled in the Status Byte Register. A bit set to one (1) in the Service Request Enable Register enables the corresponding bit in the Status Byte Register. A zero (0) disables the bit. Table 4-3 lists the bits in the Service Request Enable Register and what they mask.

The Service Request Enable Register is cleared at power-on. The *RST and *CLS commands do not change the register.

The *SRE query returns the value of the Service Request Enable Register.

Usage: GPIB only

Command Syntax: *SRE <mask>

Where: <mask> ::= 0 to 255

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*SRE 32"

In this example, the *SRE 32 command enables ESB (event summary) bit 5 of the Status Byte Register, the MSS (master summary status) bit 6 in the Status Byte Register is also set.

Query Syntax: *SRE?

Returned Format: <mask><NL>


4-18

Programming*SRE (Service Request Enable)

Table 4-3. Service Request Enable Register

Service Request Enable Register(High–Enables the SRE bit)


7 128 Not Used

6 64 MSS – Master Summary Status

5 32 ESB – Event Status Bit

4 16 MAV – Message Available

3 8 Not Used

2 4 Not Used

1 2 Not Used

0 1 OPP – Operation Pending

4-19

Programming*STB (Status Byte)

*STB (Status Byte)

The *STB query returns the current value of the instrument’s status byte. The MSS (Master Summary Status) bit 6 indicates whether or not the device has at least one reason for requesting service.

When you read the Status Byte Register, the value returned is the total of the bit weights of all the bits set to one (1) at the time you read the byte. Table 4-4 shows each bit in the Status Byte Register and its bit weight.

The *STB query does not affect the contents of the Status Byte Register.

Usage: GPIB only

Query Syntax: *STB?

Returned Format: <value><NL>

Where: <value> ::= 0 to 255 (integer – NR1 format)

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*STB?" ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

NOTE

To read the instrument’s status byte with RQS reported on bit 6, use the interface Serial Poll.

NOTE

The *STB query can be used to determine when the switch has settled to a new posi-tion. After sending a :ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command, bit 0 of the Status Byte Regis-ter will be set to one while the switch is moving and return to zero when the switch has settled.

4-20

Programming*TST (Test)

*TST (Test)

The *TST query performs a self-test on the instrument. The result of the test is placed in the output queue. A zero indicates the test passed and a non-zero value indicates the test failed. If a test fails, refer to “Step 5. Performing an operational check” on page 2-8.


Query Syntax: *TST?

Returned Format: <result><NL>

Where: <result> ::= 0 or non-zero value 0 indicates the test passed. non-zero indicates the test failed.

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*TST?" ENTER 711;Result PRINT Result

Table 4-4. Status Byte Register


7 128 Not Used

6 64 MSS – Master Summary Status

5 32 ESB – Event Status Bit

4 16 MAV – Message Available

3 8 Not Used

2 4 Not Used

1 2 Not Used

0 1 OPP – Operation Pending

4-21

Programming*WAI (Wait)

*WAI (Wait)

The *WAI command prevents the instrument from executing any further com-mands until the current command has finished executing. All pending opera-tions are completed during the wait period.

Usage: GPIB only

Command Syntax: *WAI

Example: OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A2,B4" OUTPUT 711;"*WAI" OUTPUT 711;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" ENTER 711;DUMMY$

NOTE

The *WAI command can be used to ensure all switch movement operations have com-pleted before continuing the program. Following a ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command with a *WAI command followed by a query, will ensure the query is not answered until the switch has settled to its new position.

4-22

ProgrammingStandard SCPI Commands

Standard SCPI Commands

:STATus:<node>:CONDition

The :STATus:<node>:CONDition query returns the value for the condition register for the node. Condition registers have no function in this instrument, but the query is included for compatability with the SCPI standard. This query always returns the value 0.

Usage: GPIB only

Query Syntax: :STATus:<node>:CONDition?

Returned Format: <value>

Where: <value> = 0 (integer – NR1) <node> = OPERation | QUEStionable

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION?" ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

:STATus:<node>:ENABle

The :STATus:<node>:ENABle command sets the enable register for the node. Enable registers have no function in this instrument, but the command is included for compatability with the SCPI standard.

The :STATus:<node>:ENABle query returns the value of the enable register for the node.

Usage: GPIB only

4-23

Programming:STATus:<node>[:EVENT]

Command Syntax: :STATus:<node>:ENABle<value>

Where: <node> = OPERation | QUEStionable <value> ::= 0 to 32767 (integer or floating point – NR1)

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE 1024"

Query Syntax: :STATus:<node>:ENABle?


Where: <node> = OPERation | QUEStionable <value> ::= 0 to 32767 (integer – NR1)

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE?" ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

:STATus:<node>[:EVENT]

The :STATus:<node>[:EVENT] query returns the value of the event register for the node. Event registers have no function in this instrument, but the query is included for compatability with the SCPI standard. This query always returns the value 0.

Usage: GPIB only

Query Syntax: :STATus:<node>[:EVENT?]


Where: <value> = 0 (integer – NR1) <node> = OPERation | QUEStionable

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:OPERATION:EVENT?" ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

4-24

Programming:STATus:PRESet

:STATus:PRESet

The :STATus:PRESet command presets the enable registers for all status nodes. Enable registers have no function in this instrument, but the command is included for compatability with the SCPI standard. Table 4-5 shows the value of each enable register.

Usage: GPIB only

Query Syntax: :STATus:PRESet

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:PRESET"

:SYSTem:ERRor

The :SYSTem:ERRor query returns the next error number and error descrip-tion in the error queue over the interface. This instrument has an error queue 100 errors deep and operates on a first-in, first-out basis. Repeatedly sending the query :SYSTEM:ERROR? returns the error numbers and descriptions in the order in which they occur until the queue is empty. Any further queries returns "+0,No errors" until another error occurs. Refer to Table 4-6 for the error numbers and descriptions.


Query Syntax: :SYSTem:ERRor?

Returned Format: <value>, <string>

Table 4-5. Values of the Enable Registers

Status Node Preset Value

Operation 0

Questionable 0

4-25

Programming:SYSTem:ERRor

Where: <value> = an integer error code (NR1) <string> = text of error message

Example: DIM Error$[50] OUTPUT 711;":SYSTEM:ERROR?" ENTER 711;Error$ PRINT Error$

4-26

ProgrammingInstrument Specific Commands

Instrument Specific Commands

The following commands are specific to remote operation of the Agilent 86060C-series lightwave switches.

CLOSE RS232 COM

The CLOSE RS232 COM command disables remote operation of the instru-ment over the RS-232 interface and enables the front-panel keyboard. This command is the same as pressing the LOCAL key while in remote operation over the RS-232 interface.

Usage: RS-232 only

Command Syntax: CLOSE RS232 COM

Example: com_port=9 OUTPUT com_port; "CLOSE RS232 COM"

OPEN RS232 COM

The OPEN RS232 COM command enables remote operation of the instrument over the RS-232 interface and locks out the front-panel keyboard. This com-mand must be sent before sending any other commands over the RS-232 interface. Press the LOCAL key to return to local mode and lock out the RS-232 interface.

Usage: RS-232 only

Command Syntax: OPEN RS232 COM

4-27

Programming[:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel

Example: com_port=9 OUTPUT com_port; "OPEN RS232 COM"

[:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel

The [:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel command configures the channel connec-tions. In the command syntax, the keyword “LAYer” refers to a switch layer. A switch layer is a switch matrix of “A” ports and “B” ports. Normal lightwave switches have only one layer installed. Special ordered instruments may have multiple switch layers installed. If the front and rear panels show more than one set of “A” ports and “B” ports, the instrument has multiple switch layers. Standard lightwave switches do not require that the <layer> argument be specified as shown in the command syntax. If no layer is specified, it defaults to layer 1. The minimum layer number is always 1.

The minimum channel number is either 0 or 1, depending on whether the port has an "OFF" position. The maximum number of layers and channels is depen-dent on the switch configuration. If the command parameters are outside the permitted range for the switch configuration, the switch position is not changed and an error is generated.

The [:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel query returns the current port settings for the specified layer. If no layer is specified, the default value is layer 1.






“A” channel.



Command Syntax: [:ROUTe]:[LAYer<layer>]:CHANnel <channel_list>

Where: <layer> a positive integer (NR1). Set to 1 if the instrument does not have multiple layers.<channel list> = A<channel>|B<channel>|A<channel>,B<channel> <channel> = a non-negative integer (NR1) | OFF

4-28

Programming:SYSTem:CONFig

Example: OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER2:CHANNEL A2,B78" Connects A2 to B78 on layer 2

Query Syntax: [:ROUTe]:[LAYer<layer>]:CHANnel?

Where: <layer> a positive integer (NR1)

Returned Format: A<channel>,B<channel><channel> = a non-negative integer (NR1)

Example: DIM Setting$ OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER3:CHANNEL?" ENTER 711;Setting$ PRINT Setting$

:SYSTem:CONFig

The :SYSTem:CONFig query returns the switch configuration of the instru-ment. For each layer, the minimum and maximum channel numbers for each port are given.


Query Syntax: :SYSTem:CONFig?

Returned Format: <config> = “L<i>A<j1>A<k1>B<l1>B<m1>A<j2>A<k2>B<l2>B<m2>...”

Where: <i> = number of layers on switch <j1> = minimum available channel on port A, layer 1 <k1> = maximum available channel on port A, layer 1 <l1> = minimum available channel on port B, layer 1 <m1> = maximum available channel on port B, layer 1 <j2> = minimum available channel on port A, layer 2 <k2> = maximum available channel on port A, layer 2 <l2> = minimum available channel on port B, layer 2 <m2> = maximum available channel on port B, layer 2

4-29

Programming:SYSTem:CONFig

Example: DIM Config$ OUTPUT 711;":SYSTem:CONFIG?" ENTER 711;Config$PRINT Config$

4-30

ProgrammingError Messages

Error Messages

Table 4-6. Error Messages

Error Number Description

–105 GET not allowed

–110 Command Header error

–120 Numeric Data error

–140 Character Data error

–150 String Data error

–170 Expression error

–220 Parameter error

–350 Too many errors

–410 Query INTERRUPTED

–420 Query UNTERMINATED

–430 Query DEADLOCKED

+300 Frame error

+310 Invalid command byte

+320 Invalid switch module byte

+330 Invalid data byte

+340 Packet checksum error

+4xx Switch module xx not responding

+5xx Switch module xx motor failed

4-31

ProgrammingProgramming Examples

Programming Examples

This section includes a number of programming examples to illustrate the use of remote commands in actual programs. These programming examples do not cover the full command set for the instrument. They are intended only as an introduction to the method of programming the instrument.

The example programs in this chapter are as follows:

Example 1: This simple program uses the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command to move the switch to a new position. The program shows how to use the *WAI command to ensure that the switch has settled to its new position.

Example 2: This program is similar to the first example program. Instead of using the *WAI command, the Status Byte Register is read repeatedly using the *STB query. When bit 0 of the Status Byte Register returns to zero, the switch has settled to its new position.

Example 3: Repeating the same program as the first two examples, the *OPC command and *ESR query are now used to determine that the switch has settled to its new position. The *OPC command is sent before the :ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command, and then the Standard Event Status Register is continuously read until bit 0 is set to one.

Example 4: This example illustrates the use of two switches in an automated system to periodically monitor a number of devices under test (DUTs). The test system includes an Agilent 8153A optical multimeter with an Agilent 81554SM laser source and an Agilent 81532A optical power sensor. This program measures the optical power through each device under test every 5 minutes and displays a message if the power drops below 1 microwatt.

4-32


Example 1: Switch position using the *WAI command

This program prompts the operator for the desired switch position and then moves the switch to this position. The switch error queue is then read and printed. The program shows how to use the *WAI command to ensure that the switch has settled to its new position.

Listing 10 INTEGER Switch_addr,A_position,B_position 20 DIM Command$[80],Channel$[80],Error_return$[80],

Dummy$[80]30 Switch_addr=711 40 CLEAR SCREEN 50 INPUT "Enter A-port position : ",A_position 60 INPUT "Enter B-port position : ",B_position 70 Channel$="A"&TRIM$(VAL$(A_position))&",B"&TRIM$

(VAL$(B_position))80 Command$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL "&Channel$ 90 OUTPUT Switch_addr;Command$ 100 GOSUB Wait_to_settle 110 REPEAT 120 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:ERROR?" 130 ENTER Switch_addr;Error_return$ 140 PRINT Error_return$ 150 UNTIL (VAL(Error_return$)=0) 170 GOTO Exit_prog 180 ! 190 Wait_to_settle: ! wait for switch to settle 200 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*WAI" 210 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM CONFIG?" 220 ENTER Switch_addr;Dummy$ 230 RETURN 240 ! 250 Exit_prog:! 260 END

Description Line No. 1

10 to 20 Declare some variables for use in the program.

30 Set the Agilent 8606X Optical Switch address variable, Switch_addr, to 711 (factory default).

40 to 60 Clear the screen and prompt the operator for the desired switch position. Store the positions in variables A_position and B_position.

70 Set Channel$ to represent the switch channel positions in

4-33


the form appropriate for the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL GPIB command. For example, if A_position=1 and B_position=3, then Channel$ would equal "A1,B3".

80 Set Command$ to represent the full GPIB command to set the desired switch position, appending Channel$. For the example Channel$ given above, Command$ would equal "ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A1,B3".

90 Send Command$ to the Agilent 8606X Optical Switch via the GPIB interface.

100 Call the subroutine Wait_to_settle.

110 to 150 These lines implement a REPEAT-UNTIL loop that continuously queries the Agilent 8606X for error status. The returned error message(s) are printed to the screen. This loop exits when the numeric value of the error string equals 0. This will occur when the error message "+0, no error" is returned.

170 Go to the end of the program.

190 to 230 The wait_for_settle subroutine.

200 Output the *WAI command to the Agilent 8606X Optical Switch. This command will prevent the switch from executing any further commands until the previous command (that is, the switch setting command) has completed. When the program continues after the completion of the command, the switches are guaranteed to have settled.

210 Output system configuration query to switch.

220 Read back switch configuration. Since this query was preceded by the *WAI command, the switch movement must be settled before the query is responded to.

230 Return execution to the line after call to subroutine (line 110).

4-34


Example 2: Switch position using the Status Byte Regis-ter

This program is identical in functionality to the first sample program except a different method is used for determining when the switch has settled. The set-tling routine used here reads the Status Byte Register repeatedly until bit 0 returns to zero.

Listing 10 INTEGER Switch_addr,A_position,B_position,Status_byte

20 DIM Command$[80],Channel$[80],Error_return$[80] 30 Switch_addr=711 40 CLEAR SCREEN 50 INPUT "Enter A-port position : ",A_position 60 INPUT "Enter B-port position : ",B_position 70 Channel$="A"&TRIM$(VAL$(A_position))&",B"&TRIM$

(VAL$(B_position)) 80 Command$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL "&Channel$ 90 OUTPUT Switch_addr;Command$ 100 GOSUB Wait_to_settle 110 REPEAT 120 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:ERROR?" 130 ENTER Switch_addr;Error_return$ 140 PRINT Error_return$ 150 UNTIL (VAL(Error_return$)=0) 170 GOTO Exit_prog 180 ! 190 Wait_to_settle: ! wait for switch to settle 200 REPEAT 210 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*STB?" 220 ENTER Switch_addr;Status_byte 230 UNTIL NOT BIT(Status_byte,0) 240 RETURN 250 ! 260 Exit_prog:! 270 END

4-35


Description Line No.

10 to 170 Same as in Example 1 except for declaration of Status_byte.

190 to 240 The new Wait_to_settle subroutine.

200 Start REPEAT loop.

210 Send the *STB? command to the switch. This queries the switch to return the value of the status byte.

220 Read the status byte.

230 If the LSB (Least Significant Bit) of the status byte is 0 (that is, the switch is settled), exit the loop. If the LSB is 1 (that is, the switch is moving), then loop back to line 200.

240 Return from subroutine.

Example 3: Switch position using the *OPC command

This program is identical in functionality to the first two example programs, except that it uses yet another method for determining when the switch is set-tled. This settling method sends the *OPC command before the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL commands and then reads the Standard Event Sta-tus Register repeatedly until bit 0 is set to one.

Listing 10 INTEGER Switch_addr,A_position,B_position,Esr_byte 20 DIM Command$[80],Channel$[80],Error_return$[80],

Config$[80] 30 Switch_addr=711 40 CLEAR SCREEN 41 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" 42 ENTER Switch_addr;Config$ 43 PRINT "SWITCH CONFIG = "&Config$ 50 INPUT "Enter A-port position : ",A_position 60 INPUT "Enter B-port position : ",B_position 70 Channel$="A"&TRIM$(VAL$(A_position))&",B"&TRIM$

(VAL$(B_position)) 80 Command$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL "&Channel$ 81 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*OPC" 90 OUTPUT Switch_addr;Command$ 100 GOSUB Wait_to_settle 110 REPEAT 120 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:ERROR?" 130 ENTER Switch_addr;Error_return$

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140 PRINT Error_return$ 150 UNTIL (VAL(Error_return$)=0) 170 GOTO Exit_prog 180 ! 190 Wait_to_settle: ! wait for switch to settle 200 REPEAT 210 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*ESR?" 220 ENTER Switch_addr;Esr_byte 230 UNTIL BIT(Esr_byte,0) 240 RETURN 250 ! 260 Exit_prog:! 270 END


10 to 170 Same as in Example 1 except for declaration of Esr_byte.

190 to 240 The new Wait_to_settle subroutine.

200 Start REPEAT loop.

210 Send the *ESR? command to the switch. This queries the switch for the Event Status Register value.

220 Read the value of the Event Status Register.

230 If the LSB of the ESR is 1 (that is, the switch is settled), exit the loop. If the LSB is 0 (that is, switch is moving), then loop back to line 200.

240 Return from subroutine.

Example 4: Input/output multiplexers

This program illustrates how two Agilent 86060C-series switches may be used to function as input and output multiplexers in an automated test system. For this example, two 1 × 8 switches are used to test 8 optical devices under test. The block diagram for this test system is shown below.

4-37


Block diagram of the test system

This example test system uses an Agilent 8153A optical multimeter equipped with an Agilent 81554SM laser source and an Agilent 81532A optical sensor. This program periodically (every 5 minutes) measures the optical power through each device under test and displays an error message if any measured power drops below 1 microwatt.

Listing 10 INTEGER In_switch_addr,Out_switch_addr,Opt_meter_addr

20 INTEGER Meas_count,Current_dut 30 REAL Watts_read,Min_power 40 DIM In_switch$[80],Out_switch$[80],Dummy$[50] 50 ! 60 CLEAR SCREEN 70 PRINT "THIS PROGRAM MEASURES ALL DUT POWERS EVERY 5

MINUTES." 80 PRINT "IT WILL STOP MEASURING AFTER 50 MEASUREMENT

CYCLES." 90 PRINT "TO HALT PROGRAM EARLIER, PRESS F8." 100 ! 110 GOSUB Init_system 120 ! 130 ON TIME 300 GOSUB Measure_duts 140 ON KEY 8 LABEL "QUIT" GOTO End_prog 150 ! 160 Meas_count=0

4-38


170 REPEAT 180 UNTIL Meas_count=50 190 GOTO End_prog 200 ! 210 Init_system:! Initialize HPIB instruments 220 CLEAR (7) ! clear HPIB interface 230 ! set HPIB instrument addresses 240 In_switch_addr=711 250 Out_switch_addr=712 260 Opt_meter_addr=722 270 ! set minimum power allowed to 1 microwatt 280 Min_power=1.E-6 290 ! Turn on autoranging 300 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SENSE2:POWER:RANGE:AUTO

ON" 310 ! Select Watts as output units 320 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SENSE2:POWER:UNIT WATT" 330 ! Select 1550 nm wavelength from source 340 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SOURCE1:POWER:WAVELENGTH

UPPER" 350 RETURN 360 ! 370 ! 380 Measure_duts:! measure all eight duts 390 ! Turn on laser 400 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SOURCE1:POWER:STATE ON" 410 ! step through and measure all DUTs 420 FOR Current_dut=1 TO 8 430 ! build hpib commands to send to switches 440 In_switch$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL

B"&TRIM$(VAL$(Current_dut)) 450 Out_switch$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL

B"&TRIM$(VAL$(Current_dut)) 460 ! send command to switches 470 OUTPUT @In_switch_addr;In_switch$ 480 OUTPUT @Out_switch_addr;Out_switch$ 490 ! wait for switches to settle 500 OUTPUT @In_switch_addr;"*WAI" 510 OUTPUT @In_switch_addr;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" 520 ENTER @In_switch_addr;Dummy$ 530 OUTPUT @Out_switch_addr;"*WAI" 540 OUTPUT @Out_switch_addr;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" 550 ENTER @Out_switch_addr;Dummy$ 560 ! measure optical power 570 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"READ2:POW?" 580 ENTER @Opt_meter_addr;Watts_read 590 IF (Watts_read<Min_power) THEN 600 PRINT USING """DUT

#"",K,"" Power

4-39


Low!""";Current_dut 610 END IF 620 NEXT Current_dut 630 Meas_count=Meas_count+1 640 RETURN 650 ! 660 End_prog:! quit program 670 ! turn off time initiated branching 680 OFF TIME 690 END


10 to 40 Declare some variables to use in program.

60 to 90 Clear screen and print heading.

110 Call Init_system subroutine.

130 Set up time initiated branching. Every 300 seconds, Measure_duts subroutine will be called.

140 Set up function key initiated branching. When f8 is pressed, program will end.

160 Initialize measurement counter to zero.

170 to 180 Loop, waiting for events, until measurement count gets to 50.

190 Exit program.

210 to 350 The Init_system subroutine.

220 Clear the GPIB bus.

240 to 260 Define GPIB addresses for input and output switches, optical multimeter.

280 Define Min_power to be 1 microwatt.

300 to 340 Configure optical multimeter to enable autoranging, set power units to Watts, and select the upper wavelength (1550 nm) on the source.

350 Return to calling line.

380 to 600 The Measure_duts subroutine.

400 Turn laser source on.

420 to 580 FOR-NEXT loop to step through and measure each of the

4-40


8 devices-under-test.

440 to 450 Create the GPIB commands to select the input and output switch positions to measure the current device-under-test. For example, if Current_dut=3 then In_switch$ and Out_switch$ would equal "ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL B3". Note that since the switches are 1x8, it is not necessary to specify the position of the A ports.

500 to 550 Use the *WAI command to ensure both switches have settled.

570 to 610 Read the optical power from the optical multimeter. If this power is less than Min_power then print appropriate error message to screen.

630 Increment Meas_count.

640 Return to calling line.

660 to 690 End_prog subroutine. Turn off time-initiated branching and end program.

5

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure 5-4Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-7

Servicing

5-2

ServicingServicing

Servicing

This chapter provides a procedure to replace an internal fiber-optic cable with a spare cable. This procedure may be needed if a fiber-optic cable becomes damaged through improper connections. Spare fiber-optic cables are provided inside the lightwave switch.

Before servicing this lightwave switch, familiarize yourself with the safety markings on the instrument and the safety instructions in this manual. This instrument has been manufactured and tested according to international safety standards. To ensure safe operation of the instrument and the personal safety of the user and service personnel, the cautions and warnings in this manual must be heeded.

W A R N I N G Refer to the summary of safety considerations at the front of this

manual.

W A R N I N G These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only.

To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are

qualified to do so.

W A R N I N G Failure to ground the lightwave switch properly can result in personal

injury, as well as instrument damage.

W A R N I N G The opening of covers or removal of parts is likely to expose

dangerous voltages. Disconnect the instrument from all voltage

sources while it is being opened.

C A U T I O N Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. Refer to “Electrostatic Discharge Information” on page 5-7 for more information on preventing ESD.

5-3

ServicingServicing

Required service tools

To enable extra fiber/connector the following tools are required:

TORX driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #15 TORX driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #20

5-4

ServicingSpare Channel Replacement Procedure

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure

C A U T I O N This procedure is included so the instrument can be repaired quickly in the field. Performing this procedure violates the calibration seal. When spare fibers have replaced bad port fibers, the unit should be sent to an Agilent Technologies Service Center, at your earliest convenience, to have new port fiber/connectors spliced into the instrument and to have the instrument calibrated.

1 Disconnect the power cord from the instrument.

2 Remove the top cover using a #15 or #20 TORX driver.

3 Locate out the spare cable/connector. Refer to Figure 5-1 on page 5-5 and Figure 5-2 on page 5-6. The spare cable/connector is on the bottom of the switch assembly, secured with a tie-wrap. Remove the tie-wrap.

Switches with 50 channels or less have one spare fiber. Switches with more than 50 channels have two spare fibers, labeled S1 and S2.

4 Replace the defective port cable/connector assembly with the spare assembly. Note the label on the spare cable/connector and record the identification number (S1 or S2) for use later on in this procedure.

Identification number: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ____________

5 Replace the top cover.

6 Connect the power cord to the instrument. Turn the instrument on.

7 Press Help, then enter the model number of the lightwave switch from the keypad: 86060, 86061, or 86062.

8 Press the 4 key.

9 Perform this step only if the lightwave switch has multiple layers. Determine if the lightwave switch has multiple switch layers installed. (A switch layer is a switch matrix of “A” ports and “B” ports. Normal lightwave switches have only one layer installed.) If the rear panel shows more than one set of “A” ports and “B” ports, the instrument has multiple switch layers. The display will prompt

5-5


you for the switch layer on which to install the spare fibers:

Press 1 for layer 1Press 2 for layer 2

10 The display will prompt you to enter 1 for spare fiber 1, or 2 for spare fiber 2. You recorded this identification number in Step 4.

11 The display will prompt you to enter the number of the front or rear panel channel to be replaced. Enter the number of the channel and press Enter.

The display will show the intended cable changes.

12 Press Enter to confirm the changes.

.

Figure 5-1. Top view of the Agilent 86060C or 86061C lightwave switch

5-6


Figure 5-2. Top view of the Agilent 86062C lightwave switch

5-7

ServicingElectrostatic Discharge Information

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. The following figure shows an example of a static-safe work station using two types of ESD protection:

• Conductive table-mat and wrist-strap combination.

• Conductive floor-mat and heel-strap combination.

Both types, when used together, provide a significant level of ESD protection. Of the two, only the table-mat and wrist-strap combination provides adequate ESD protection when used alone.

5-8

ServicingElectrostatic Discharge Information

To ensure user safety, the static-safe accessories must provide at least 1 MΩ of isolation from ground. Refer to Table 3 on page 5-8 for information on order-ing static-safe accessories.

W A R N I N G These techniques for a static-safe work station should not be used

when working on circuitry with a voltage potential greater than

500 volts.

Reducing ESD

Damage

The following suggestions may help reduce ESD damage that occurs during testing and servicing operations.

• Personnel should be grounded with a resistor-isolated wrist strap before re-moving any assembly from the unit.

• Be sure all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent a buildup of static charge.

Table 3. Static-Safe Accessories

Agilent Part Number

Description

9300-0797 Set includes: 3M static control mat 0.6 m × 1.2 m (2 ft× 4 ft) and 4.6 cm (15 ft) ground wire. (The wrist-strap and wrist-strap cord are not included. They must be ordered separately.)

9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft)

9300-1383 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel, without cord, has four adjustable links and a 7 mm post-type connection.

9300-1169 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months).

Index

Index-1

Numerics3-wire interface, 4-950/125 mm multimode fiber, 1-362.5/125 mm multimode fiber, 1-39/125 mm single-mode fiber, 1-3

AAccessories, 1-6accessories, 1-6address

GP-IB, 4-6Agilent 86060C, 1-2Agilent 86061C, 1-2Agilent 86062C, 1-2Agilent maintenance contract, 2-10Agilent offices, 1-25altitude, 1-9

Bbefore servicing the Agilent 86060C, 2-10

Ccabinet, cleaning, i-iiicables, 1-3cables, RS-232, 4-8calibration cycle, 1-7care

of cabinet, i-iiichannels

number of, 1-4unused, i-iii, 1-2, 3-2, 4-27

characteristics, 1-7checking the fuse, 2-4classification

product, i-iiicleaning

adapters, 1-21cabinet, i-iiifiber-optic connections, 1-12, 1-20non-lensed connectors, 1-20

CLOSE RS232 COM command, 4-10command

instrument specific, 4-3standard SCPI, 4-3types, 4-3

communicating, RS-232, 4-10compressed dust remover, 1-19connector

care, 1-12contrast key, 3-3cotton swabs, 1-19

Ddamaged shipment, 2-3data bits, 4-9declaration of conformity, 1-11display, 3-3dust caps, 1-20

Eelectrostatic discharge, 5-7EMI compatibility, 1-9error messages, 4-30ESD

reducing damage caused by ESD, 5-8static-safe work station, 5-8

extra fiber connector, replacing, 5-4

Ffiber optics

cleaning connections, 1-12connectors, covering, 1-23

fiber type, 1-3fiber-optic cable, spare, 5-2foam swabs, 1-19front panel

features, 3-3optical input connector, 1-9output connector, 1-9

fuse, 2-4values, i-iv

GGP-IB

address, 4-6GPIB

address, 4-6bus command, 4-7command mode, 4-6

Index-2

Index

data mode, 4-6instrument address, 4-7interface clear command, 4-7interface select code, 4-7lockout mode, 4-7programming over, 4-6

HHELP key, 3-3humidity, 1-9

IIEC Publication 61010-1, i-iiiinitial inspection, 2-3input

connector, 1-12input voltage, 2-5insertion loss, testing, 2-8installation category, 1-9instrument

returning for service, 1-22instrument specific commands, 4-26

definition, 4-3interface

3-wire, 4-9operation, 4-8settings, 4-9

LLCD contrast, adjusting, 3-7line

frequency, 2-5fuse, 2-4power, input connector, 2-4power, requirements, 2-5

LINE switch, 3-3line-power

cables, 2-6LOCAL key, 3-4, 4-6

Mmultimode fiber, 1-3

Nnoise declaration, 1-10

OOFF position, 1-3OPEN RS232 COM command, 4-10operation, interface, 4-8operational check, 2-8Option 025, 1-2, 2-2Option 109, 1-3Option 153, 1-3Option H51, 1-3Options, 1-5options, 1-5

Ppackaging for shipment, 1-23pigtail connections, 1-2, 2-2pollution degree, 1-9power

cable, 2-5requirements, 1-9

Qquery response, 4-4

Rrear-panel features, 3-5RECALL key, 3-4recalling switch states, 3-7regulatory information, 1-7repair options, 2-10replacement procedures, 5-4return loss, testing, 2-8returning for service, 1-22RS-232

cables, 4-8CLOSE, 4-26communicating over, 4-10OPEN, 4-26programming over, 4-8

Index-3

Index

Ssafety, i-iii

laser classification, i-iiisales and service offices, 1-25SAVE key, 3-4saving switch states, 3-7screen-saver, 2-7, 3-3serial number, 1-4, 2-3serial numbers, 1-3service, 1-22

replacement procedure, 5-4returning for, 1-22sales and service offices, 1-25

service options, 2-10service tools, 5-3shipping

procedure, 1-22single-mode fiber, 1-3spare fiber

installation, 5-4spare fiber-optic cables, 5-2specifications, 1-7standard SCPI commands

definition, 4-3swabs, 1-19SWITCH PORT key, 3-4switching, 1-3

Ttemperature range, 1-9turning on the lightwave switch, 2-7

VVA, power requirements, 2-5

Wwarranty, 2-10

Documents

Agilent 86060C-Series Lightwave Switches User's Guide