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Agenda. REMINDER: Lab Report is due NEXT WEEK 10 more Microworlds entries due in 2 weeks!! Will have time to work on it next week Today, we may be doing lab 8 and 9a. Exercise 2: Transcription, Translation, Mutation Practice. Second base. C. A. U. G. UAU. U. UCU. UUU. UGU. Cys. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Agenda
• REMINDER: Lab Report is due NEXT WEEK • 10 more Microworlds entries due in 2 weeks!!
Will have time to work on it next week• Today, we may be doing lab 8 and 9a.
Exercise 2: Transcription, Translation, Mutation Practice
• Follow directions• Remember base-pairing
rules:– DNA DNA– DNA RNA
• Remember how to use this table
Second base
Firs
t bas
e
Thir
d ba
se
UUUU C A G
GAA
C
U
U
U
C
AC
A
G
G
UCAG
U
C
A
G
UUC
UUA
UUG
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
AUU
AUC
AUA
Leu
lle
AUG Met orstart
GUU
GUC
GUA
GUG
Val Ala
Thr
GCG
GCA
GCC
GCU
ACG
ACA
ACC
ACU
Pro
CCG
CCA
CCC
CCU
UCG
UCA
UCC
UCU
Ser
Tyr CysUAU
UAC
UAA
UAG
CAU
CAC
CAA
CAG
His
Gln
Stop
Stop
UGU
UGC
UGA
UGG Trp
Stop
Arg
CGU
CGU
CGA
CGG
Asn
Lys
Asp
Glu
Gly
Arg
SerAAU AGU
AAC
AAA
AAG
GAU
GAG
AGC
AGA
AGG
GGU
GGC
GGG
Phe
Leu
GAC
GAA
GAG
GGA
Part 3: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
• Read background in lab carefully
• We will go over this info in lecture
Cell Cycle: • Interphase: G1, S, G2
• Cell may renter cell cycle or leave cell cycle (G0)
•DNA replicated in S
•Nuclear division =Mitosis
•Cell division =cytokinesis
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G0
Part 3: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
• CELL CYCLE = entire life of cell, including division– Interphase = not dividing– Mitosis = nuclear
division– Cytokinesis = cell
division
Interphase (before Mitosis) • EVENTS: – G1: Cell grows and prepares
to copy DNA– S: Cell copies its DNA– G2: Cell prepares to divide
• APPEARANCE: – Chromatin (DNA) not
condensed into chromosomes – WHY?
– Nuclear envelope present
ProphaseEVENTS:
1. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
2. Chromatids visible3. Nuclear envelope dissolves4. Centrioles (Spindle fibers)
move to opposite poles
APPEARANCE: • Nucleus looks blotchy
(chromosomes)• Nuclear envelope dissolves
Metaphase
EVENTS: 1. Chromosomes line up
in center of cell
APPEARANCE: • Dark chromosomes
lined up in center of cell
• No nucleus
Anaphase
EVENTS: 1. Spindle fibers shorten2. Chromosomes are pulled to
opposite poles of cell
APPEARANCE: • Two sets of chromosomes
visibly separated from each other
Telophase
EVENTS: 1. Chromosomes unwind2. New nuclear envelope
reforms
APPEARANCE: • Two dark areas of chromatin
present at opposite ends
Cytokinesis
EVENTS: • Animals: Daughter cells
pinch apart at cleavage furrow
• Plants: Cell plate forms in center of cell
APPEARANCE: • Two new (usually
smaller) cells form
Cell Division in Plants
Plants differ from animals • Plant cells have no
centrioles• Plant cells differ in
Cytokinesis:– a cell wall forms between
the dividing cells– called a cell plate
Part 3: Mitosis
A. Modeling Mitosis with Playdoh
B. Observing mitosis in plant cell slides– Practice you’ll do this
on a quiz
C. Estimating time spent in each phase
Part 3: Mitosis
C. Estimating time spent in each phase– Identify the phase for 25 cells– Get 3 other people’s data (100
cells total)– Calculate the percent time
spent in each phase– (If you have 5 cells/100 in
metaphase, then the cells spend ~5% of the time in metaphase.)
Part 1: DNA Extraction
• You can extract DNA from practically everything
• Strawberries, peas, your lab partner’s brain!
1. Make lysis buffer• Add Water• Add Detergent– To extract DNA, we need to dissolve the membranes– Why not the cell wall?
1. Make lysis buffer
• Water• Detergent• Add Salt– Causes proteins and
carbohydrates to precipitate out of solution
– We only want DNA
2. DNA extraction
• Since your lab partner may object to your isolating brain DNA, we’ll use strawberries
• Squash strawberry to increase the surface area exposed to detergent
• It simply makes smaller pieces
2. DNA extraction
• Filter mixture through filter paper
• The DNA will be in the filtrate solution you capture
2. DNA extraction
• Pour ice-cold alcohol (equal volume to strawberry filtrate) down side of tube to precipitate DNA
• Keep it cold!
2. DNA extraction
• DNA is is not soluble in alcohol and will precipitate out of solution
• It will appear like slimy snot between the alcohol-water interphase
Home DNA Extraction
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2809_genome.html
• http://biology.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Extract_DNA_Human0962932481.htm