AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2007-7411 DETONATION SHOCK RADIUS ...Detonation Shock Radius Experiments June 2007 DISTRIBUTION A. Public Release. Unlimited Distribution ... Distance (mm) 600 500 400

AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2007-7411 DETONATION SHOCK RADIUS EXPERIMENTS (BRIEFING CHARTS) David E. Lambert Joshua Debes Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate AFRL/MNMW Eglin AFB, FL 32542-6810 D. Scott Stewart Sunhee Yoo Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 AUGUST 2007 CONFERENCE BRIEFING CHARTS These briefing charts were presented at the 15th Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, 23-29 June 2007, Kohala Coast, Hawai’i, and will be published by the American Physical Society. It will be published in the unclassified/unlimited distribution proceedings. One or more of the authors are U.S. Government employees working within the scope of their position; therefore, the U.S. Government is joint owner of the work. When published, the American Physical Society may assert copyright. If so, the U.S. Government has the rightto copy, distribute, and use the work by or on behalf of the U.S. Government. Any other form of use is subject to copyright restrictions. This paper is published in the interest of the scientific and technical information exchange. Publication of this paper does not constitute approval or disapproval of the ideas or findings.

AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY, MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE

Air Force Materiel Command United States Air Force Eglin Air Force Base

DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Approval Confirmation #AAC/PA 06-19-07-459, dated 19 June 2007.

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Detonation Shock Radius ExperimentsDetonation Shock Radius ExperimentsJune 2007June 2007

DISTRIBUTION A. Public Release. Unlimited Distribution

2007 APS 2007 APS –– 1515thth Topical Conference Topical Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Hawaion Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Hawai’’ii

David E. Lambert1, Joshua Debes1, D. Scott Stewart2, Sunhee Yoo21Air Force Research Laboratory,

Munitions Directorate, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, 32542, USA2Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA

2

Munitions DirectorateMunitions Directorate

OutlineOutline

• Background– Detonation Shock Dynamics– Hot Spot Size and Initiation

• Characterization Experiments• Summary

AcknowledgementsEd Wild and Lt. Martin, AFRL/MNMF

Ken Jensen, Honeywell KCP

3


Detonation Shock Dynamics Detonation Shock Dynamics –– 11stst OrderOrder

• Relationship between local wave curvature and local normal detonation velocity

[ ]{ } 232)(1)(

xf

xf′+

′′=κ

)1( κvDD CJn −=

DCJ = steady state Chapman-Jouguet velocityν = empirical constant to curvature dataκ = mean curvature of the detonation wave

University of Illinois, Prof. Scott S. Stewart

Dn

κt

tκ

4


““PassoverPassover”” Validation ExperimentValidation Experiment• Single hemispherical wave transforms into a colliding toroidal structure• Exercises the DSD wavetracking, EOS, and rate law over a wide range

of detonation states• Assumptions were made on the initial shock radius, starting point of

the DSD wavefront

5


Clips from “Passover” Experiment Video

6


Comparison of “Passover” Experiment

DSD, DNS,and

Experiment

Classical Huygen’s

TimeTime--ofof--arrival record across the top surface of the chargearrival record across the top surface of the charge

7


DSDDSD--based Initiation Sizebased Initiation Size

•• Initiation curvature and radiusInitiation curvature and radius--growth to reach DSDgrowth to reach DSD--based based assumptions and comparison to Direct Numerical Simulationsassumptions and comparison to Direct Numerical Simulations

Data computed along a 45-deg. radius from the PIC

Acceptor, Acceptor, explosive chargeexplosive charge

PBXPBX--95019501

“Precision Initiation Coupler (PIC)”• Self-centering• 680mg of Composition A-5 (98.5%

RDX, 1.5% stearic acid)• Near-point initiation (0.052”)

8


SpotSpot--Size / Initiation RadiiSize / Initiation Radii

DETERMINATION OF THE LIGHTING RADIUS FOR DETONATION SHOCK DYNAMICS AND CRITICAL

IGNITION TRANSIENTS IN CONDENSED EXPLOSIVESD. Scott Stewart, Sunhee Yoo, and David E. Lambert –

2006 International Detonation Symposium

• Simulated Dn-R response for PBX-9501, initiated from various hot-spot radii, both spherical low pressure and high pressure.

9


Characterization Experiments

Objective: Characterize the initial shock profile transmitted from the composition A-5 loaded Precision Initiation Coupler to PBX-9501 explosive charges

Approach: “Cut-back Technique” Obtain detonation shock front time-of-arrival data on small, rectangular prisms of explosives

• Time-of-arrival, wave front contour is the key data• Streak camera and ultra-high speed digital imaging

– Cordin 132a with 100u slit-width, 12mm/us writing rate, TMAX-3200 film

– Imacon 200 Ultra-high speed framing camera at nominally 100-ns interframe time and 15ns duration

• PBX-9501 – initiated w/ RP-1 and A-5 PIC system. Needed initial radius for DSD

10


0.8”

ISCISC--44

0.4”

0.4”0.8”

ISCISC--55

0.4”

0.4” 0.2”0.8”

ISCISC--7 & ISC7 & ISC--88

0.6”

0.4”

Example Charge Configurations

11


Characterization Experiments

Entire SetupEntire Setup

Explosive Prism on MountExplosive Prism on MountAA--5 loaded PIC5 loaded PIC

12


Example Streak Film (PBX-9501)

CrossCross--SectionSection Static ImageStatic Image Dynamic ImageDynamic Image

slit location

Bre

akou

t on

side

Bre

akou

t on

top

PIC

bre

akou

t on

rear

, t=0

4545--deg mirror

deg mirror

4545--de

g mirr

or

deg m

irror

Time

13


PBX-9501 w/ RP-1/PIC InitiatorTi

me

Tim

e

centercenterleftleft rightright

leftleft centercenter rightright

• RP-1/PIC “Research” initiation system offset from charge centerline by 0.10-inch (2.54mm) towards the ‘left side’

• Response, lateral lobes, is a nearly ideal detonation

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Distance (mm)

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500

Tim

e (n

s)(t=

0 is

firs

t bre

akou

t on

cent

er fa

ce)

Cen

terli

ne o

f Ini

tiato

r

14


ISC-5 Comparison w/ DSD

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Distance (mm)

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

Tim

e (n

s)(t=

0 is

PIC

/950

1 in

terfa

ce)

DSD Simulation

Experiment, ISC-5

Cent

erlin

e of

Initi

ator PICPIC

Side CSide B

0.1”0.8”

0.4”

x

y

z

SideSideBB

SideSideCC

Face Face AA

Side CSide CSide BSide BFace AFace A

0.05” spacing

PICPICoutputoutput

15


Symmetric and Offset Initiation

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Distance (mm)

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

Tim

e (n

s)(t=

0 is

PIC

/950

1 in

terfa

ce)

Centerline, symmetric initiation

Offset by 0.10", asymmetric initiation

Cent

erlin

e of

Initi

ator

Cen

terli

ne o

f Ini

tiato

r

PICPICSide C

Side B

0.1”0.8”

0.4”

x

y

z

PICSide C

Side B

0.8”

0.4”

x

y

z

16


PBXN-9 – Non-Ideal Response (shot ISC-100)

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Distance (mm)

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Tim

e (n

s)(t=

0 is

firs

t bre

akou

t on

cent

er fa

ce)

Cen

terli

ne o

f Ini

tiato

r

• PBXN-9 Explosive prism, 10-mm height (25mm x 25mm)• Delayed corner turning

centercenterleftleft rightright fiducialfiducial

17


Working Towards Diffraction and Working Towards Diffraction and Transient Detonation StatesTransient Detonation States

Dn-κ Curves for Nonideal EOS

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.0

1.1

1.2

-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Acceleration ContoursHigher order theory

Dn

κ

Eric Ferm, LANL, DX Division

The extended theory leads to κ,, nn DD& relation

• Application to miniaturized detonators• Understanding initiation criteria• Diffraction of the detonation

and produces hyperbolic PDE’s

First order theoryCurrent DSD 2Dwavetracker

dDndt

= A(Dn ) − κ B(Dn )

18


SummarySummary

• Characterizing the initiation shock transfer, ‘Birth of the Wave’ is being used to validate the prior assumptions for DSD simulations

• Initial input radius created by the precision initiation coupler (PIC) is under study for analysis of these experiments

• Developing engineering prescriptions of initial shock radii using DSD-based simulations

– ‘Ideal’ PBX-9501 shows no corner-turning delay, ‘non-ideal’ PBXN-9 does show delays in the corner-turning

• Further analysis and extension on these experiments will be a part of transient detonation and shock profile measurements

1_REPORT_DATE_DDMMYYYY: XX-08-20072_REPORT_TYPE: CONFERENCE BRIEFING CHARTS3_DATES_COVERED_From__To: 4_TITLE_AND_SUBTITLE: DETONATION SHOCK RADIUS EXPERIMENTS (BRIEFING CHARTS)5a_CONTRACT_NUMBER: N/A5b_GRANT_NUMBER: 5c_PROGRAM_ELEMENT_NUMBER: 62602F5d_PROJECT_NUMBER: 25025e_TASK_NUMBER: 125f_WORK_UNIT_NUMBER: 306_AUTHORS: 1. David E. Lambert and Joshua Debes 2. D. Scott Stewart and Sunhee Yoo7_PERFORMING_ORGANIZATION: 1. Air Force Research Laboratory 2. Dept. of Mechanical Science and Engineering Munitions Directorate University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign AFRL/MNMW Urbana, IL 61801 Eglin AFB, FL 32542-68108_PERFORMING_ORGANIZATION: AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2007-74119_SPONSORINGMONITORING_AG: Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate AFRL/MNMWEglin AFB, FL 32542-6810 10_SPONSORMONITORS_ACRONY: AFRL-MN-EG1_1_SPONSORMONITORS_REPOR: SAME AS BLOCK 812_DISTRIBUTIONAVAILABILI: DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Approval Confirmation #AAC/PA 06-19-07-459, dated 19 June 2007.13_SUPPLEMENTARY_NOTES: 14ABSTRACT: N/A15_SUBJECT_TERMS: N/Aa_REPORT: UNCLASSIFIEDbABSTRACT: UNCLASSIFIEDc_THIS_PAGE: UNCLASSIFIED17_limitation_of_abstract: SARnumber_of_pages: 2219a_NAME_OF_RESPONSIBLE_P: DAVID E. LAMBERT19b_TELEPHONE_NUMBER_Incl:

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AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2007-7411 DETONATION SHOCK RADIUS ...Detonation Shock Radius Experiments June 2007 DISTRIBUTION A. Public Release. Unlimited Distribution ... Distance (mm) 600 500 400