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African Americans and the Progressive Movement
Post Civil War
Slaves were granted full citizenship and rights.
What gave ex-slaves these rights?• 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment
Right to Vote
People did not like A.A. voting Tried to stop them from voting Question: How did they stop A.A. from
voting?• Literacy Tests
• Poll Taxes
• Grandfather Clause
Ku Klux Klan
Believed in white supremacy and anti-immigration
Used terror as a means to intimidate
Ku Klux Klan
Klan came and went over the past 150 yrs.
Every time A.A. began to get rights KKK would come back.• 1st wave – late 1800’s
• 2nd wave – 1920’s
• 3rd wave – 1950’s
Racism
Racism – treating someone differently because of the color of their skin
Restrictions of Freedom
D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation
Jim Crow’s creation
Plessy v. Ferguson – created separate but equal
Segregation – separating the races• Schools, neighborhoods, waiting rooms,
public facilities
Life after Sharecropping
Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Institute• Believed African Americans needed to gain
skills to offer America William Du Bois and the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People
• Believed AA needed to be given equal rights
Other Responses
Marcus Garvey • Back to Africa Movement
• Garveyism inspired later
movements
A. Philip Randolph• Fought to end segregation during
and after WWII
• Leader in March on Washington
Bell work - Question
If you were mistreated in the south what might you do?
Great Migration
The “Great Migration”• African Americans flocking to the north to gain
factory jobs
Harlem Renaissance
African American voice in the Arts Jazz – Louis Armstrong Writers focusing on the lives and
struggles of African Americans• Langston Hughes
Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement
What event began the movement?
Change Must Happen NAACP – National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People• Thurgood Marshall - lawyer and leader
Brown v. Board of Education in Topeka, KS• Got rid of separate but equal
• Linda Brown – little girl who had to travel across town to go to school
Emmett Till
Was on vacation in Mississippi Walked into a store Talked to a white lady She took offense
Emmett Till
Lady told her husband (owner of store) Went to kids relatives house Kidnapped Emmett
Emmett Till
Emmett was beat by the men. He then mentioned his white girlfriend in
Chicago Men decided to shoot Emmett
Emmett Till
Men wanted to hide body Tide a 70 lb. cotton gin fan to him and
dumped him into the river.
End Result
Men were found and put on trial Lawyer was able to get men off by
saying that the body was not recognizable.
How do we know it was Emmett? It did not hurt that the men were white.
Watch Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8QXNyCvDP4
Montgomery Bus Boycott - 1955 Rosa Parks – wouldn’t give up her seat to a white
man
• Kicked off bus and arrested Bus Boycott – refuse to use
• Alternative methods of transportation
• Question: what other ways could people get around town if they didn’t have a bus?
Bus Boycott
Martin Luther King Jr. – little known preacher, leader, “non-violence”
381 days later the bus company gave in
Moving Toward Equality Integration – bringing the races together Central High School – Little Rock, AR, 1957
• National Guard Ordered to STOP integration
• Eisenhower ordered integration University of Alabama – 1963
• Gov. George Wallace stood in the doorway to stop Af. American students
Question: why do you think these students wanted to go to these schools so bad?
Opinion
Why do you think that some people chose non-violence in the civil rights movement and others chose violence?
Which do you think is the better choice? Why?
Protests
Sit-ins – protest by sitting down Civil Disobedience – not obeying laws you feel
are unjust Freedom Riders – patrol bus system Question: if you wanted to make real change in a
law, rule or policy, how would you protest it? March on Washington
• MLK – “I have a dream…”
• 250,000 people
Violence Erupts
Riots – protest turned Violent• Watts 1965, Detroit 1967, others
• Police Brutality – violence against citizens by law enforcement officers
Malcolm X – Nation of Islam Stokely Carmichael – “Black Power” Black Panthers – Oakland, CA
• To protect the Af. American Community
Sad Truth
MLK – assassinated outside hotel in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray
Malcolm X – assassinated by one of his followers
More Progress
Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 Civil Rights Act 1968 Activity: Summarize what these laws did
using your textbook. Affirmative Action – making special efforts
to hire and enroll members of groups who have been discriminated against.