Aerofair 2014 Workshop - Theory and Practical Sessions (23-8-2014).pdf

Indoor Flight Workshop

Indoor Flight Workshop for secondary school students

AEROFAIR USM 2014

School of Aerospace Engineering USM 23 August 2014

Instructors: 1. Dr. Zulfaa Mohamed Kassim

2. Mohamad Haniff Junos

Video of Indoor Flights

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSAfHtpWP7I

Workshop Content

PART 1: Understanding the Science of Flight

1. The Basics of Flight

2. Aerodynamics

3. Flight Stability

― Simple explanation

― Airflow video

― Demonstration

― Most info in English

PART 2: Making an Indoor Plane

1. Theory

2. Practical ― Guides on the Construction Process

― Assembly Kits for Each Teams

— Designing an Indoor Plane

1

Asas Penerbangan

Basics of Flight

V

Asas Penerbangan . Basics of Flight

• Apakah 4 daya utama yang bertindak ke atas pesawat?

• What are the 4 basic forces acting on the plane?

Daya Graviti / Berat Weight

Daya Angkat Lift

Daya Seret Drag

Daya Tujah Thrust

L = W

T = D

For cruise:

Asas Penerbangan . Basics of Flight

• Di mana dan bagaimana daya angkat dihasilkan?

• Where and how is lift created?

Sayap Wing

Tekanan ke atas oleh molekul udara

Upward pressure from air molecules Wing image: www.5dt.com

2

Aerodinamik

Aerodynamics

Aerodinamik . Aerodynamics

• Bagaimana perbezaan tekanan dihasilkan?

• How is pressure difference created?

Faster flow = Low pressure

Slower flow = High pressure

Bernoulli Principle: Constant2

1 2 VP

Thinner lines

Thicker lines

Airfoil

Streamline


• Bagaimana untuk meningkatkan daya angkat?

• How to increase lift?

Image: www.allstar.fiu.edu

LSCVL 2

2

1

Lift Equation:

Airfoil Shape:


• Bagaimana untuk meningkatkan daya angkat?

• How to increase lift?

LSCVL 2

2

1

Lift Equation:

Airfoil Angle-of-Attack:

Images: Wikipedia & adamone.rchomepage.com

Flow separation DEMO!


VIDEO:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UlsArvbTeo

3

Kestabilan Pesawat

Flight Stability

Kestabilan Pesawat . Flight Stability

• MASALAH Tekanan udara tidak sekata pada sayap.

• PROBLEM Pressure distribution not uniform on wing

Image: UK Open University, First Flight


• MASALAH Tekanan udara tidak sekata pada sayap.

• PROBLEM Pressure distribution not uniform on wing.

Putaran Moment


• Pesawat perlu stabil semasa terbang.

• Airplanes must be stable when flying.

V

T D

W

L

L = W

T = D

Putaran Moment


• Bagaimana untuk menyelesaikan masalah putaran?

• How to solve the moment problem?

W

L

L (tail)

DEMO!


• Kestabilan dinamik:

• Dynamic stability:

Image: code7700.com




Wing: cambered (+) AoA

Tail: (-) AoA

XCG: ≈ 25% chord length from wing leading edge

V

LTAIL




Image: rit.edu

4

Rekabentuk Pesawat

Design of an Indoor Plane

Many design options!

Rekabentuk . Design

• 2 OPTIONS:

1. Use existing designs.

2. Modify existing designs.

The Famous Whammy Series – by Chuck Markos

Double Whammy < 2 minutes

Penny Plane > 5 minutes

Kaedah Rekabentuk . Design Rules

• Parameter-parameter utama.

• Important parameters.

XAC = 0.25c

LTAIL

XAC,TAIL = 0.25cTAIL

S = Wing Area


STAIL = Horizontal Tail Area

b = wing span

bTAIL

c = chord


• Saiz sayap.

• Wing size.

2

2

4

2

1

V

WS

SCVL L

5.0

LC

WLUse:

c

bAR Aspect Ratio

Large AR > 9

Small AR < 6

b

c


• Jarak dari sayap ke ekor.

• Distance from wing to tail.

2

2

21

2105.0

AR

AR

AR

ARV

S

cSVL

TAILTAIL

TAIL

TAILTAIL

LTAIL


• Saiz ekor menegak.

• Size of vertical tail.

05.002.0

TAILV

TAIL

TAILVTAILV

V

L

SbVS

SV-TAIL

Set ARTAIL and ARV-TAIL based on existing designs.

5

Membina Pesawat

Building the Indoor Plane

Membina Pesawat . Building the Plane

Introduction.

Wing

Propeller

Wing Post

Motor Stick

Tailboom

Fin

Horizontal tail


• Bahan-bahan untuk membina pesawat.

• Material used to build the plane.

Kayu Balsa (1mm, 2.5mm, 4mm) ketebalan. Balsa wood (1mm, 2.5mm, 4mm) width.

Gam kertas. Paper glue.

Pisau. Knife.


Gam super. Super glue.

Getah. Rubber band.

Pemutar elektrik. Electric winder.


Pembalut makanan. Food wrap.

Tanah liat. Clay.

Pelincir getah. Rubber band lubricant.


Klip kertas. Paper clip.

Manik. Bead.

Kepingan aluminum. Aluminum plate.


• Bagaimana cara untuk memotong kayu balsa?

• How to cut balsa wood?


• Penghasilan sayap.

• Wing construction.

Panel Tengah Panel Tepi Panel Tepi

Leading Edge

Trailing Edge

Ribs


• Penghasilan sayap.

• Wing construction.

Gusset untuk kekuatan struktur.

Gusset to strengthen the structure.

Plan struktur binaan.

Plan of the indoor plane.


• Penghasilan badan pesawat.

• Fuselage construction.

Geometri badan pesawat.

Geometry of fuselage.

2 degree

Penyangkut getah.

Rubber band hook.

13 mm


Front Back

Kepingan alumina untuk mencantumkan kipas.

Aluminum plate for propeller attachment.


• Penghasilan kipas pesawat.

• Propeller construction.

15 degree


• Dwisatah sayap untuk stabiliti.

• Wing dihedral for stability.


• Penghasilan kipas pesawat.

• Propeller construction.


• Getah.

• Rubber band.

Bagaimana cara mengikat getah?

How to tie the rubber band?

Bagaimana cara melincirkan getah?

How to apply lubricant of rubber?


• Bagaimana untuk memusingkan kipas?

• How to wind the propeller?


• Menentukan pusat graviti.

• Determination of center of gravity.

Load (plasticine)

25% Wing chord


• Model dimension.

24 cm

0.6 cm

1 cm

1.2 cm

6 cm

6 cm

6 cm

20 cm

20 cm 10 cm 10 cm

8 cm

Wing (2.5 mm balsa)

Fin (2.5 mm balsa)

Horizontal tail (2.5 mm balsa)

Tailboom (2.5 mm balsa)

Motorstick (4 mm balsa)

0.6 cm 0.2 cm

25 cm

1 cm


• Propeller dimension.

Diameter 20.5 cm

5.5 cm

8.5 cm

3.5 cm

Small propeller.

12 cm

Diameter 27.5 cm

Big propeller.


Propeller attachment. Plasticine added to adjust center of gravity.

Plasticine


2-5 degree

Wing sockets for wing attachment.

Tailboom attachment.

Thank You


Documents

Aerofair 2014 Workshop - Theory and Practical Sessions (23-8-2014).pdf