Advancing - psasir.upm.edu.mypsasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/57611/1/0001.pdfReka letak teks :Sahariah Abdol Rahim @Ibrahim Reka bentuk kulit :Md Fairus Ahmad Reka bentuk, reka letak dan

AdvancingConcrete Materials

and SystemsThe Search Continues

Profesor Dato' Dr. Ir Mohd Saleh JaafarB.Sc. Eng.(Hons)(Michigan State), M.Sc. (Michigan), PhD.(Sheffield)

13 NOVEMBER 2015

Auditorium JuruteraFakulti Kejuruteraan

Universiti Putra Malaysia

l.INr'I£MIT11'VT1tAMALA~ii' Ii' 'i MJI II ii'

Universiti Putra Malaysia PressSerdang • 2015

http://www.penerbit.upm.edu.my

http://www.penerbit.upm.edu.my

© Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia 2015Cetakan Pertama 2015

Hak cipta terpelihara. Mana-mana bahagian penerbitan ini tidak boleh dihasilkansemula, disimpan dalam sistem simpanan kekal, atau dipindahkan dalam sebarangbentuk atau sebarang cara elektronik, mekanik, penggambaran semula, rakamandan sebagainya tanpa terlebih dahulu mendapat izin daripada pihak PenerbitUniversiti Putra Malaysia.

Penerbit UPM adalah anggota Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia (MABOPA)No. Ahli: 9802'

Reka letak teks : Sahariah Abdol Rahim @ IbrahimReka bentuk kulit : Md Fairus Ahmad

Reka bentuk, reka letak dan dicetak olehPenerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, SerdangSelangor Darul EhsanTel: 03-89468851/8854/8429Faks: 03-89416172E-mel: [email protected] web: http://penerbit.upm.edu.my

mailto:[email protected]

http://penerbit.upm.edu.my

Contents

Introduction 1Industrialized Building System 4

,

Interlocking Load Hollow Block 6Precast Slab System 16

Concrete Constituent Materials 23Cement 23Cement Replacement 25Blended Cement 31

Conclusion 33References 34Biography 41Acknowledgement 47List of Inaugural Lectures 49

INTRODUCTIONConcrete is essentially a very simple matrix. It is generallycomposed of three basic ingredients: aggregates, cement and water.Cement and water form a paste, cementing large and fine aggregatesinto a mass' called concrete (Figure 1). Steel reinforcement isadded in desired locations within the concrete mass, so that theycomplement each other.

Cement paste

Figure 1 Concrete matrix

Concrete responds to heat, load and the environment. Itcan shrink, creep, crack and deteriorate. Together with steelreinforcement it acts and responds differently. Concrete takescompression well, leaving tension for the steel to handle. Concretestructures take different forms and have various functions. They canbe artistic as well as functional, depending on how designers shapethem. Concrete can also be ugly (Figure 2) or beautiful (Figure 3).

Although concrete has been around for thousands of years thesearch for new, advanced and sustainable constituent materialsfor concrete is still intensive. Modern days practices and use ofconcrete have changed. While the basic contituents remain thesame, the search (and research) for new or enhanced properties

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Advancing Concrete Materials and Systems: The Search Continues

continues. The need for innovative solutions can be seen from manydifferent aspects. Apart from the need to satisfy new designs andfunctions for concrete structures, the energy crisis, labour issuesand environmental considerations are some of the most dominantfactors that push for continuous innovation in concrete technologyand practices.

Figure 2 Concrete can be ugly (and dangerous)'

I Images available online - concrete deterioration

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

Figure 3 Concrete can represent beauty and functionality-

The researcher has been involved in a wide range of concreterelated research and development projects. This paper will howeveronly focus on two main areas of his research i.e. the industrializedbuilding system (IBS) and cement replacement. His other workrelated to concrete deterioration and assessment, structuralstrengthening, integral bridges, roller compacted concrete andconstructability can be found in various publications includingJaafar et al (2003), Sutan & Jaafar (2003), Thanoon et al (2005),Abdulkadir et al (2005), Khan et al (2007), Hassim et al (2008),Noorzaei et al (2009), Baghayoob et al (2010), Huda et al (2010)and Ohu et al (2012).

The need to find an innovative structural system to satisfy theIBS requirements is mainly to address the issue of insufficientlocal labour and to transform the practice from conventional to

2 Images available online - architectural wonders

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modern construction practices. This gives rise to the concept ofconstructability and the industrialised building system which callsfor innovative concrete products or systems. The industrialisedbuilding system takes a page from car manufacturing and assembly,where systems are designed and components are prefabricated andassembled with minimal labour force required. Can the buildingindustry face up to this challenge? This inaugural lecture describesthe researcher's role in addressing this need and meeting thischallenge.

Concrete uses natural materials which are not infinite. Asfunctions change, demand for better concrete performance alsochanges. Hence, there is a need to find suitable alternatives toreplace the traditional material or to enhance its properties. Use ofwastes, other naturally occurring materials, additives or differentprocesses has paved the way for many possibilities. Research onvarious forms of concrete materials is discussed in this inaugurallecture.

INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEMSThe concrete construction industry has several unwelcomereputa!ions. They may be summed up, as the Construction IndustryDevelopment Board (CIDB) once classified it, as 'Difficult', 'Dirty'and 'Dangerous'. There is thus a clear need to improve the image ofthe concrete construction practice, as exemplified, again, by that ofthe car manufacturing industry. In the car manufacturing industry,a car is designed as an integrated system, but its components can beprefabricated at places other than the assembly location. This posesa big challenge for the building construction industry where thepractice needs to change from conventional construction practicesto that of an industrialised system. The 'industrialisation' of the

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

building system has become amain stream agenda for stakeholdersin the concrete construction industry.

IBS can mean different things to different people. However,it is accepted that IBS encompasses simple components to fullsystems. Junid (1986) mentioned that an IBS in the constructionindustry includes the industrialised process by which componentsof a building are conceived, planned, designed, fabricated and thentransported and erected on site. The system includes a balancedcombination between the software and hardware components. Thesoftware components include system design, which is a complexprocess of studying the requirements of. the end user, marketanalysis, development of standardised components, establishmentof manufacturing and assembly layout and process, allocation ofresources and materials and definition of a building designer'sconceptual framework. The software elements provide an avenueto create a co~ducive environment for the industrialised buildingsystem to expand.

The hardware components are categorised into three majorgroups. These include the frame or post and beam system, panelsystem and box system. The framed structure is defined as thatstructure which carries the loads through the beams and girdersto the columns and to the ground, whereas in the panel system,loads are distributed through large floor and wall panels. The boxsystems include those systems that employ three-dimensionalmodules (or boxes) for fabrication of habitable units that arecapable of withstanding load from various directions due to theirinternal stability.A subset ofthis is the supply of individual buildingcomponents delivered to site and assembled to fit into a standardmodular design.

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The Housing Research Centre (HRC) in UPM has taken theinitiative to develop several innovative solutions to address the needfor the ms. For example, residential housing is the sector withthe greatest need for a quick solution. HRC has thus dedicatedresources to work on systems that address the local conditions andneeds, with the use oflocally available materials and constructionworkers in the country (Kadir, M.R.A et al,,2006).

Towards this end, the development of interlocking hollow blocksand floor slab systems is the main contribution of this researcher.

/:

Interlocking Hollow BlocksInterlocking hollow blocks are considered to be one of the bestoptions to address the need for industrialised building systems inthe country, especially for low-rise residential buildings. The useof interlocking load-bearing hollow blocks in building constructionspeeds up the construction process due to the elimination of theneed for mortar layers. In Malaysia, the supply of houses by boththe public and private sectors is still far from meeting the demand,especially in the affordable housing sector.

The proposed system, using interlocking hollow blocks (IHB),may be the solution to overcome this shortage as these blocks can beused in the construction of both non-load-bearing and load-bearingwalls. The interconnections between the blocks have to be designedto withstand the stresses from different directions at various levels,which develop in a wall under applied loads. In the developmentof the new interlocking block system, the following features havebeen identified as the main desirable characteristics:

• efficient interlocking mechanism in different directions towithstand the different forces (shear and bearing), whichdevelop under applied loads;

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Mohd. Saleh laafar

• self-alignment to ensure accurate and simple construction;

meeting modular coordination requirements;

construction of both load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls;and

production norms similar to that of normal hollow blocks sothat the manufacturing machinery is easily fabricated.

•

•

•

Most existing systems using interlocking blocks have beenstudied. Each system has its own strengths and addresses somerequirements of the industrialised building system, but none haveoverall features that are in line with the characteristics required.The research team in UPM has designed and tested 20 differentsystems (see Figure 4) and finally came up with one system thataddresses the overall needs of an industrialised building system.The system, which has been named the 'Putra Block', has beenpatented in Malaysia, USA and the United Kingdom (Figure 5).

Details of the development, performance and application of. this system for housing constructions are available in variouspublications, including those published by Jaafar M.S. et aI, (2006),Thanoon W.A et al. (2004, 2007 and 2008) and Shafiee A.N et al.(2011). A brief summary of the system is reproduced here.

The structural properties of individual blocks, prisms and wallsystems have been thoroughly investigated and properly selected tosatisfy various loading conditions. The system has also been testedand satisfied the requirements for fire resistance. These interlockingmechanisms are designed in such a way that the system can behaveas if the blocks have been placed using conventional mortar layers.

Stress distributions for individual and prism blocks are shownin Figure 6. The maximum compressive stresses are found nearthe applied load while the maximum tensile stresses are locatedat the top corners of the block webs where the webs support the

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side shell of the blocks. From these figures, it can be observedthat the stress has a maximum value (compression) located at theintersections between the webs and the shells at the bottom edge ofthe top stretcher block. This is a result of connecting two differentgeometric configurations of blocks, i.e. the stretcher and the halfblocks, as well as due to the connecting of different element sizes.The tension zones are confined to the top of the webs in a waysimilar to that in a block unit. The stresses at the top of the webs ofthe stretcher and half blocks are found to be in tension due to the

(

interaction between the shells and the web (action and reaction).

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

- ~ ~MOOlIP~ 1 !4oc;.. , 2 MoCl.. , 3

~ ~ ~MOQittl 4

MC>CIpl5

~

010",,,1 6

~

~~ MoCl.. 1 8

Moc;", 7

~

MoClp, 9

e~~

~~1'0"'''' 10 MOdpl12

~~~ ~"140",.. 1 13

~ t's: ~." &'OCl1'118.

~

~.~~)Aoop~ \'9

Figure 4 Different interlocking hollow block models studied atUniversiti Putra Malaysia

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Figure 5 Putra Interlocking Block System

..... _Ut,,_ ...

..... -It ...'«It :,.'".,~ ., UJ

lot 1irOCC. ~nl

Stress distribution on individual block Stress distribution on block prism

Figure 6 Stress distribution for individual blocks and prisms

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

The block dimensions mentioned are in conformity with themodular design rules, which require the horizontal controllingplanes to be in modular dimensions of 3M or 300 mm, and thevertical controlling planes to be 1m or 100 mm. The Half Blockwith 150 mm length can be conveniently put in the technical zonesof 150 mm. This allows other spaces in the house to have modulardimensions, thus facilitating the use of other modularly coordinatedcomponents such as windows, doors and built-in cabinets. It canalso be seen that if the typical room heights of 2800 mm or 3000mm are adopted, there is not a single block that needs to be brokento fit into the spaces required. There will be no wastage of materials,and indeed, the exact number of blocks required for a specific housecan be estimated from the architectural drawing.

Walls can also be constructed using minimal unskilled labour.In addition, the assembled blocks in the wall provide continuoushollow voids, which can be used to host stabilising ties in verticaland horizontal directions to enhance the stability and integrity ofthe system. At the corners or junctions of walls, the connectivitybetween layers is achieved at subsequent layers, as shown in Figure7. This interlocking hollow block system, has been employedefficiently to construct a single-storey house, as shown in Figure8. Reasonable weight and simple shape of the blocks render thesystem friendlier to the workers.

Various experiments have been carried out to determine thematerial properties and structural performance of the blocks. Theexperiments included:

• Individual Blocks;

• Prisms;

• Basic (Standard) Panels;

• Comparison between cube, individual block, prism and basicwall panel;

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• Failure mechanism;

• Effect of slenderness on wall behaviour;

• Effect of eccentricity on wall behaviour;

• Crack pattern and failure mode; and

• Fire resistance.

The innovative tests set up for the interlocking mechanism, shear-load slip mechanism and individual block stress-strain propertiesare shown in Figures 9 -11. Test results have shown the efficacy of~~ ..._the interlocking mechanisms to avoid the need for mortar layers.This leads to ease of wall construction. The system also performswell under different loading conditions and fire.

Simplified design procedures have also been developed usingthe system and examples for different wall slenderness ratios underdifferent eccentricities are shown in Table 1.

The following conclusions are made based on the extensivetheoretical and experimental investigations that were carried out:

a. The interlocking mechanism is capable of replacing the mortarlayers traditionally used in masonry wall construction. Itplays

,_a significant role in the distribution of stresses that develop inthe block due to the applied load;

b. The theoretical and experimental investigations indicate thatthe system may be used for the construction of load-bearingmasonry walls for single and double-storey residentialbuildings;

c. Design formulae have been developed for the design of load-bearing walls having different slenderness ratios and subjectedto different load eccentricities;

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

d. A single-storey prototype house has been designed andconstructed at UPM indicating that the system can be usedefficiently.

\\ a" ('o,ntrttc1lto ••• (~ rUM JI"'" 'h~ \\ ..tic .... 'w...... T-~

Figure 7 Schematic drawing for comer walls and walls with openingconstruction.

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Figure 8 Example of house construction using the Putra Block System

fol'/~'

:t-~c~

~ 900

Figure 9 Innovative test set up for interlocking mechanisms

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Mohd. Saleh laafar

... )(

z 140oX

~120 _OP1100 OP2

! eo _OP360 -M-OP440 --OPS20 -OPS..---~. 'r-e-

·1 0 1 2 3 4

3

5 6Shear$1p nm

Figure 10 Shear-load slip behaviour

.. 2$

i20

i.. I~J

JID5

0.002 o.emStrain mmImm

<> 'est daIa Cl bIodI . -Fnpoud iii 'Of bIodI ••••••• SMftz iii lor bIodt

0.001 0.004

Figure 11 Proposed stress-strain relation for block and grout

6

o.oos

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Table 1 Proposed capacity reduction factor for the Putra Block

CapaciIy Redudioft F_ ~'!il'Oroupl ell

FEModel Propod Eq I,FEModd I'IqloICII Eq SS a: a:

~Eq SS

0.00 0.576 0.591 0..50 4.0 2....

m 0.12 0.500 0.492 00371 ·1.7 24.6SR... o.n 0.43-4 0.404 0.221 ·7.0 4$.1

0037 0.239 0.323 0.191 11.5 31.10.00 O.sol 0.496 0.349 .1.0 29.1

11 0.12 0.436 0.41& 00306 -4.3 26.7SR-12 0.z3 0.371 0.352 O.lIS .5.3 47.4

-.. 0037 0272 0.189 0.161 6.2 42.10.00 0.405 0.412 00320 1'.6 22..l

0.12 0.360 OJ'S 0.l76 -1.4" 2USR-16 0.z3 0.301 0.306 0.113 -0.6 40.2

0.37 0.261 0.251 0.16S -0.9 36.1

[I 0.00 0.136 0.341 OJIS 1.7 7.10.12 0.309 0.301 om .2.5 9.4

SR-lOO.D 0.243 0.266 0.111 U 32.0

....... 0031 0.237 0.231 0.16' .2.5 21.5

Precast Slab SystemFloor systems complement the development of interlocking hollowblock systems and form part of the requirement for a completeindustrialised building system. A slab structure occupies the biggestpercentage oftotal dead load and volume for an ordinary residentialstructure. A simple load calculation for a residential building showsthat approximately 40 - 60% of dead load is the self-weight ofthe slab structure [Yavuz Y., 2008]. Thus, approximately 10% ofself-weight reduction from floor slabs may lead to five percent ofself-weight reduction for the entire building. Moreover, it directlyfaces the live load and transfers the load to the beams and columns.

The traditional solid precast slab is found to be challenging forlarge scale projects because of its heavy self-weight, which leadsto dependency on heavier equipment, transportation difficultiesand expensive connections andjoints soluti~ms. In addition, heavy

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

precast slabs need extra temporary supports during constructionand larger beam and column size, which result in the escalation ofthe overall cost [Kim S. Elliott, 2002].

More than 15 different types of precast slabs have been usedsuccessfully in the construction industry. Five general criteria haveto be considered for the capacity of flooring units: bearing capacity,shear capacity, flexural capacity, deflection limits and handlingrestriction [Kim S. Elliott, 2002]. There is no system which fulfillsall of the above mentioned criteria.

In terms of better structural performance and lower cost,the development of varieties of light weight slabs has become acrucial need. The use of semi-precast panels is increasing rapidlydue to its versatility in transportation, handling and effective jointpractice. In the recent past, a large number of semi-precast panelshave been developed using either ferrocement or composite coldsteel deck with different types of toping concrete [TasomorodionI., 1983; Kaushik SK et al., 1991; Hago A.w., 2005; Ahmed E.

.. & W. Badrozaman, 2002]. Insulating and light weight core panelswere then developed, which greatly increased the desirability ofthis type of construction material. The panel consists of two thinskins of high strength layers and elastic moduli separated by a corethick layer of normally much weaker and lower material density[Salmon C.D. & Amin E., 1997; Salmon C.D. et al., 1997; AminE et al., 1994;].

Composite slab systems have been found to be structurallyeffective with a thin layer of precast member taking into account thebenefits which include: shorter construction time, less dependenceon heavy equipment at job sites, less material wastage, high qualitysmooth surface finish, in situ structural concrete topping and in-fillforming monolithic structures, elimination or great reduction in theneed for props and elimination of conventional formworks [Algirdas

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K. et al., 2007; Kubaisy M.A. & Zamin J, 2000; Kubaisy M.A. &Zamin J, 2001; Lee S.L. et al, 1990; A.E. Naaman, 2000].

Thinner precast structure of the composite slab can be achievedwith Ferrocement technology. Ferrocement has been observed toprovide considerable reduction in cracks and their spacing (64 -84%). Additionally, it enhances the ductility and energy absorptionproperties [Yavuz Y., 2008]. Ferrocement is not only an extensionof reinforced concrete but is now also considered a member of thefamily of laminated composites. It can be reinforced with steelor non-metallic meshes such as fiber reinforced polymeric (FRP)meshes [Kubaisy M.A. & Zamin J, 2001]. The addition of fibers ormicro-fibers as secondary reinforcement in the cement matrix, toimprove performance, makes Ferrocement a hybrid composite. Asummary of the weight and size ofthe existing precast slab systemis presented in Table 2.

Precast and cast in situ layers of existing systems are connectedwith 2D or 3D shear trusses. The shear trusses are used as a handlinglocation during transportation and construction. However, thisconnection system has been questioned by many researchers fortheir capacity to carry horizontal load without any separation andhorizontal cracks (Sittichai, 2003;Alfred, 2001; Engstrom, 1982).Moreover, the ability of the shear trusses to be shear connectorsfor two layer composites is yet to be explored.

This study introduces a semi-precast floor slab system,the Ferrocement-AAC composite slab, to address some of theabovementioned shortcomings in existing systems. The new systemconsists of a bottom Ferrocement skin, AAC masonry and in situmortar ribs (Figure 13). The Ferrocement layer is the precast partof the composite slab, which consists of a wire mesh and steelreinforcement, required to resist tensile stresses. The thicknessand reinforcement of this layer will dependI?ainly o~·the span of

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

the slab. The AAC layer and the in situ ribs provide the necessaryresistance to the compressive forces developed due to bending. Thetwo layers are interconnected using interlocking and rough surfacebetween the precast and cast in situ layers.

Table 2 The Sizes and Weights of Main Types of Precast Floors(Arnold 2004)

Mu. Srramu-al You t:1litfloor type RtiaIorc .... _ spu("') doptla(_) ..-.. ....;pt

wldd.( ..... ) (k.~~

m. IIIIII ~ OIldpmtrossod I) 100·300 300·1200 2.0·4.0hollowc_ .1_

JO~oo~a Pr~hoUowc_ 20 120· ,~O 200 2.0·41.1-u=v ,...,.......sdoobr..T 24 (30) 200.800 2400 2.0.5.0.1.......1s

r 1 Pr.......... iIlv..-1l I> lSO·JOO 600 1.,·H.._( ) ReiatoKocI 0Ild .,...uesse4 6 100·250 300.600 0.7·3.0_ .. .tab

i;~i;,"i'~~•.~ Composire &or.plare 7 100.200 600.2400 2.4.4.1fIoon

~!~Be.... 0Ild hI« fIoon 7 200·300 200.600 U·2_4

The main advantage of this system, amongst others, is itsrelatively lighter weight compared to R.C which will reduce the loadtransferred to the beams or walls. The masonry AAC acts as light,effective insulation ~aterial and at the same time partially resiststhe compression forces developed due to bending of the composite.On site, the construction of the composite slab does not requireheavy equipment to handle the Ferrocement layer. Furthermore, theconstruction does not need any formwork since the bottom layer of

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Ferrocement is a precast unit that can be easily fixed in position,using a simple crane, to provide a platform that acts as a formworkfor the brick layer and the in situ concrete ribs. This experimentalstudy is limited to the investigation of the structural performanceof the one way Ferrocement-AAC composite slab subjected totwo-lines loading. The study highlights the effects of the AAClayout on its overall structural response in terms ofload-deflectioncharacteristic, ductility, strain distribution, composite action andfailure load. The test set-ups for flexure and shear are shown inFigure~ 13 and 14, respectively. Figure 15 shows a'Sunple test setup to demonstrate the system's strength.

The proposed composite slab can be used as a structural floorfor residential buildings. The dead load of the slab can be reducedby 23-32% by using the proposed composite slab compared to thesolid RC. The number of longitudinal ribs has a significant effecton the ductility as the specimens with four longitudinal ribs show60% and 28.4% increase in ductility compared to the slab specimenswith two and three longitudinal ribs respectively. Based on strainmonitoring the slabs performed in a fully composite manner untilthe ultimate load. There were no horizontal cracks observed betweenthe two layers of the composite slabs at any stage of loading. Allthe slab specimens show ductile behaviour. Ductility and maximumdeflection of the slabs are good enough to give ample warning beforefailure.

Details of the development and performance of the proposedsystem are available in Thanoon A.M.T. et al. (2008, 2010, and2011), Yardim Y. (2008) and Yardim Y. et al. (2013).

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

Figure 12 Proposed Ferrocement-AAC composite Slab

Figure 13 Test set-up for flexural performance

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Figure 14 Test set-up for shear keys

Figure 15 Simple performance test demonstrates the strength of theproposed system

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

CONCRETE CONSTITUENT MATERIALSThe demand to improve the properties of concrete arises due to theconcurrent development of other materials as well as new areas ofapplication. Normal reinforced concrete structures use concretegrades of around 30MPa. However, when steel industries managedto increase the steel grade from around 400MPa to 1800MPa, theera of prestressed concrete emerged. In order to utilize the highergrade steel, concrete grades need to be increased to around 50MPa.The demand for higher grade concrete continues as the demand forhigher concrete buildings increases. Concrete grade of 80MPa isbecoming more commonly used now for high-rise buildings andlong-span structures.

Compressive strength is not the only property that matters forconcrete structures. Durability and higher tensile strength havebecome important characteristics that are sought after by engineers.Special concrete that suits special requirements is steadily replacingconventional concrete for special structures. Thus, research effortsby this researcher have focused on finding suitable materials andprocesses to enhance the properties of concrete. The main areasof interest include the search for cement replacements and specialconcrete.

CementCement is the most important ingredient that determines the qualityof concrete. Its content has significant implications on the strengthand durability characteristics of concrete.

The manufacturing of Portland cement consists of grinding ofcalcareous materials (limestone or chalk) and argillaceous materials(clay or shale) in certain proportions and mixing and burningthem in a kiln at temperatures of about 1450 "C to form clinker.The clinker is cooled and ground to powder fineness with three to

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five percent of gypsum added. There are two processes for cementproduction, which are the wet process and dry process, but, thereare no significant differences in the final products. The dry processis however more economical than the wet process.

The raw materials used for the production of Portland cementconsist mainly of lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide. Duringthe heating stage, these oxides interact with one another to formcomplex compounds, namely, tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalciumsilicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and tetr~calciumaluminoferrite (C3AF). Portland cement consists of four maincomponents, which are, tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate(C

2S), tricalcium aluminate (C

3A) and tetracalcium aluminoferrite

(ClA). When the cement comes into contact with water severalchemical reactions occur with its components.

The first two components, C3S and C2S (i.e. 75% of the dryPortland cement) are the main cementitious components in thePortland cement. The products of calcium silicate hydration arenon-crystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H gel), which isresponsible for the strength and calcium hydroxide (CH), whichremains active for additional reactions. Two main reactions thatare the subject of ongoing search for better concrete properties are:

C3S+5.3H -+CI1SH4 +l.3CH

C2S+4.3H -+C17SH. +O.3CH

(1)

(2)

More CSH gels means better strength. Less CH means moredurable concrete. The search for better concrete properties is focuson finding ways and means to increase CSH and reduce CH content.From the equations, it is clear that in order for the CH to furtherreact and form CSH, silica must be added. However, the challengeremains that not all silica will react under ambient condition to formCSH.

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

Cement Replacement

The worldwide production of cement accounts for almost 7% of thetotal world CO2 production, and from the projections made by thecement companies, this proportion is expected to remain steady infuture decades. The net world cement production was estimated tobe about two billion tons in year 2010 [Malhotra, V. (2000].

Portland cement is a high energy and resource consumerproduct. Therefore, to conserve resources and save energy, manyattempts are being made to find substitute materials for partialreplacement of cement. Fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF); groundgranulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin (MK), rice huskash (RHA) and sugar cane (SC) are some of the most commonsupplementary cementitious materials used in the concrete industry.

A pozzolan may be used with lime or with Portland cement tomake mortars and concrete. In the case of the latter, the pozzolanreacts with the calcium hydroxide (CH) produced from the hydrationof the Portland cement. This reaction produces denser concrete anddevelops secondary cementitious properties due to the pozzolanicreaction.

Many efforts have been made to review the usage ofpozzolanmaterials as partial cement replacement. V.M. Malhotra [Malhotra,v., 1993] presented the use of silica fume, fly ash, rice husk ashand slag in concrete production while industrial slag in highperformance concrete was reviewed by C. Shi and 1. Qian [200]and S. Chandrasekhar et al., [2003] reviewed rice husk ash as thesource of reactive silicaMeanwhile, metakaolin and calcined claywere covered by B.B. Sabir et al. [2001] and R. Siddique and 1.Klaus [2009].

Pozzolan materials may be divided into natural and artificialpozzolan materials. The natural pozzolan materials include allpozzolan derived from volcanic rock, diatomaceous earth and

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koalin. Natural pozzolan materials mayor may not require furthertreatment. The second group comprises by-products of pozzolanmaterials where they can be obtained as industrial by-products suchas silica fume, fiy ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag or fromagricultural wastes such as sugar cane and rice husk. By-productmaterials also mayor may not require further processing to be usedas cement replacement materials [Mehta, P. K., & Monteiro, P. 1.M.,2006].

According to their pozzolanic and/or cementitious activity,f.

pozzolan materials can be classified into four categories. Firstly,materials possessing cementitious properties such as GGBS;the second category is high-calcium fiy ash, which possessescementitious and pozzolanic properties, while the third categorypossesses high pozzolanic reactivity, which can be found in silicafume, rice husk ash and metakaolin. Low-calcium fiy ash andother natural materials possessing normal pozzolanic propertiesare classified in the last category [Mehta, P. K., & Monteiro, P. 1.M.2006].

Papadakis et al. [2006] found that pozzolan materials requireCH in order to produce strong products, whereas a cementitiousmaterial itself contains quantities of CaO and can present self-cementitious activity. The quality and quantity of active pozzolandependmainly on twoparameters, the amount oflime that combineswith the pozzolan and the rate at which such a combination occurs[Hewlett, P. C., 2004]. The amount of combined lime dependson the nature of the active phases, their content in the pozzolan,their Si0

2content, the lime/pozzolan mix ratio and the length of

the curing period. Further, the factors associated with the rate ofcombination are specific surface area of the pozzolan, water/solidratio and hydration temperature.

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

The existing pozzolans are becoming more expensive thanthe Portland cement itself; hence there is a need to find alternativematerials as partial cement replacement. Silica powder or microsilica is found in abundance in some countries. It comes in theform of dune sands (DS) or white sands (WS) (Figure 17). Thesenaturally occurring materials are rich in silica content and havehuge potential. They have thus been the subject of interest in thissector.

Figure 16 Natural and processed dune sand

A summary of existing pozzolans had been presented at theWorld Engineering Congress by Alawad OA et al. (2010). Thescanning electron micrographs of different pozzolan materials,together with dune sands are shown in Figures 18 and 19.

Extensive study has been conducted on dune sand, from itscharacterization to its treatment and effects on concrete properties.The research work is identifying:

• suitable activation methods - chemical, mechanical or heattreatment;

• suitable curing methods - moist curing, low pressure steammethod or high pressure steam method;

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• effects of different activation and curing methods throughvariousphysical and chemical tests including strength,chemicalattack, shrinkage and permeability test; and

• effects of different activation and curing methods throughmicrostructure examination techniques including Scanningelectron microstructure (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD),Thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis, and Diffraction thermalanalysis (DTA).

The studies also include identification of ternary elementswhere micro silica can be used to the maximum, while reducingPortland cement to the minimum. Some of the results have beenreported in various journal publications (Jaafar M.S. et al., 2002;Alhozaimy A. et al., 2012, 2013).

Important findings obtained from these studies include:

• the possibility of using DS and WS as 30% partial cementreplacement under autoc1aved curing. The temperature andpressures allow for pozzolonic activity to take place for thedune and white sands, as shown by the strength test results andthe microstructural analyses;

• with autoclave curing, all of the binary and ternary mixturesyielded mortar with a compressive strength higher than that ofthe control sample. The autoclave-cured ternary combinationof 30% GDS, 50% PC and 20% GGBS showed the highestcompressive strength;

• the possibility of using a PC content as low as 10% since themixture of 30% GDS, 10% PC and 60% GGBS displayedstrength comparable to the control sample;

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•

Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

the possibility of reducing the PC content by up to 90% byincorporating GDS and GGBS in autoclave-cured mortarmixtures.

These findi~gs have significant implications for the sustainabilityand economy of concrete construction in countries with abundantsupplies of natural dune sands.

• J'okani(" tuh

Figure 17 (a) - (h) Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) ofpozzolanmaterials

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FI)/ash

OOB5[38J

f40 60

AaP29Ric. hllJh ash [39}

8020

volcanic ash

I

I

• .i/ico.jiun.

1'._ ..1;_-c . .c'l".l;l)ba11·UtQ· .... rt.U- ..n.t~nt U led

w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ze

Mstakaolirr [21J

SugarCi1M {13}

-

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Figure 18 (a) - (h) X-ray analysis ofpozzolan materials

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Mohd. Saleh laafar

Blended Cement

Concrete containing blended cement has experienced rapid growthin the construction industry. It has the potential to save energyas the naturally occurring materials are less energy intensive.Therefore, many attempts are being made to find substitute materialsthat can be used as a partial replacement for PC. Supplementarycementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash (FA), silica fume(SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin(MK) and rice husk ash (RHA) are some of the most common PCreplacement materials currently used in the concrete industry. Theincorporation of these materials provides many benefits includingtechnical, economic and environmental benefits. The technicalbenefits include the enhancement of fresh concrete properties andfinished concrete with increased ultimate compressive strength andimproved impermeability and durability.

The SCMs are alumino-silicate materials that react withcalcium hydroxide (CH) at ambient temperature in the presence ofmoisture to form the cementitious calcium silicate hydrate (CSH).This action will result in the reduction or removal of CH from theconcrete composite, hence, it has a positive effect on the durabilityand transition zone between cement paste and aggregate. Apartfrom their chemical effects, SCMs help to fill the capillary poresbetween cement grains and thus improve the density of the cementpaste.

GGBS, unlike other SCMs, consists of chemical oxides similarto those in PC but in different proportions. Many studies have beenconducted on the use ofGGBS as an SCM and it has been reportedthat GGBS-supplemented concrete shows a lower early strengthgain compared with plain concrete. Therefore, GGBS is not used inapplications where high early strength is required. However, whenGGBS is added in combination with PC, the hydration of GGBS

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is accelerated due to the presence of CH and the sulfate compoundgypsum in the PC. It has also been reported that the reactivity ofGGBS is improved at elevated temperatures as inthe case of thermalcuring, which is largely used in the precast concrete industry. Withthe advantage ofGGBS and coupled with the potential of dune sandto be used as cement replacement, a study where these materialsare blended was proposed.

The study (Alawad, O.A. et al., 2014 and Alhozaimy, A. etal., 2013) was to investigate the effect of using ground dune sand

I

(GDS) as a cement replacement material in binary and ternarycombinations with PC and GGBS on the fresh properties andcompressive strength of mortar. The successful use of GDS toreduce cement consumption can have a potentially significantimpact on the sustainability and economy of concrete construction,especially in countries with unlimited supply of natural dune sands.The findings of this study may be beneficial for the wider applicationof dune sand as a cement replacement material in precast concrete,thus reducing PC consumption.

The study concluded that partial substitution of PC with GDSin binary blended cement does not significantly affect the freshproperties of the pastes or mortars. However, increasing the GGBScontent leads to an increase in the water required to achieve thenormal consistency, but this has only a minor effect on the settingtime. As the content ofGDS is increased in the binary mixtures, thecompressive strength decreases with standard curing, however, withautoclave curing, the compressive strength is improved. The highestcompressive strength is achieved with 30% of the PC replaced withGDS. All of the binary and ternary blended mixtures develop greatercompressive strength than the CTRL mixture when autoclaved.The combination of 30% GDS + 50% PC + 20:0 GGBS .yieldsthe highest strength under autoclave curing conditions. However,

." 32

Mohd. Saleh laafar

the study shows that it is also possible to reduce the PC content byup to 90% by incorporating GDS and GGBS in autoclave-curedmortar mixtures. This finding has significant implications for thesustainability and economy of concrete construction in countrieswith abundant supply of natural dune sands.

CONCLUSIONThis inaugural lecture highlights the increasing importance ofconcrete as a construction material in the contemporary buildingindustry. It also discusses in detail the constituents of concrete,among which is Portland cement, and the ongoing research tofind better and more economical substitute constituents for themanufacture of Portland cement.

In the discussion on concrete and the construction industrythe concept of the Industrialised Building System (IBS) is used asa suitable replacement for conventional construction approachesthat are saddled with problems like shortage of local labour, poortumaround time and economic non-viability.

The IBS is a concept that involves the prefabrication ofconstruction components, modules, interlocking hollow blocksand even heavy concrete slabs off-site, which are later transportedto the building site to be easily and quickly erected or assembled.This does not require highly skilled labour, is cost effective andtime saving.

However, even as concrete continues to be a crucial andintegral component of the construction industry, and the IBS gainsacceptance as a superior construction approach, the search for betterperforming constituents of concrete continues. This is because anyimprovement in the quality and performance of concrete will have awide-ranging impact on the construction industry due to the criticalrole in plays in the industry. And, thus the search continues.

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Advancing Concrete Materials and Systems; The Search Continues

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Alawad, O.A. ", Alhozaimy, A., Jaafar, M.S., Al-Negheimish, A~:Aziz,EN.A. (2014), Microstructure analyses of autoclaved ground dunesand-Portland cement paste, Construction and Building Materials,65,14-19.

Alawad, O.A., Alhoziamy, A., Jaafar, M.S., Al-Negheimish, A., AbdulAziz, EN., (2014), Properties of mortar incorporating ground dunesand as cement replacement material, Advanced Materials Research,925, 334-338.

Alfred A. Yee, (2001), Structural and Economic benefits of Precast!Prestressed Concrete Construction, PCI Journal, 46(4), 34-42.

Algirdas K, Romualdas K and Antanas K (2007), On design features ofpropped and unpropped hyperstatic structures, J Civ Eng Manage,13(2).

Alhozaimy A., AL-Negheimish A., Alawad O. A., Jaafar M. S., Noorzaei1., (2012), Binary and ternary effects of ground dune sand and blastfurnace slag on the compressive strength of mortar, Cement andConcrete Composites 34(6) 734-738.

Alhozaimy A., Jaafar M. S., Al-Negheimish A., Abdullah A., Taufiq- YapY.H., Noorzaei 1.,Alawad O. A. (2012), Properties of high strengthconcrete using white and dune sands under normal and autoclavedcuring, Construction and Building Materials 27(1) 218-222.

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Alhozaimy AM, Jaafar MS,AI-NegheimishAI, Noorzaei J (2009), Cement/aggregate composition, concrete product and method for making aconcrete product, US patent 20110048287.

Alhozaimy, A, G. Fares, A. Al-Negheimish and M. S. Jaafar (2013).The autoclaved concrete industry: An easy-to-follow method foroptimization and testing. Construction and Building Materials 49,184-193.

Alhozaimy, A., Alawad, O.A., Jaafar, M.S., Al-Negheimish, A., Noorzaei,1.,( 2014), Use of fine ground dune sand as a supplementary cementingmaterial ,Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 20(1),32-37.

Alwathaf A. H., Thanoon W. A., Jaafar M.S., Noorzaei 1. and Kadir M.R. A., (2005), Shear characteristics of interlocking mortarless blockmasonry joints, Masonry International, Journal of the British MasonrySociety (UK), 18(3), 139-146.

Amin E, Salmon D.C, Fogarasi G.J, Todd C and Tadros M.K, (1991),State-of-the-Art of Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels, PCI JournalNovember-December, pp 78-98.

Amin E, Salmon D.C, Tadros M.K and Todd C (1994), A new structurallyand thermally efficient precast sandwich panel system, PCI Journal,90-101.

Arnold V A (2004), Precast Concrete Structures for Buildings, Belgium.

Bayagoob K.H., Noorzaei 1., Jaafar M.S., Thanoon W.A., Abdulrazeg AA,(2010), Modelling heat exchange between RCC dam and reservoir,Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering andComputational Mechanics, 163(91), 33-42

Berry, E. and V. M. Malhotra (1980), Fly ash for use in concrete-a criticalreview, ACI Materials Journal 77(2), 59-73.

Chandrasekhar S, Satyanarayana K., Pramada P., Raghavan P., and GuptaT. (2003), Review processing, properties and applications of reactivesilica from rice husk-an overview, Journal of materials science,38,3159-31fo

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David C. Salmon. Amin Einea, Maher K. tardros, and Todd D. Clup,(1997), Full Scale Testing of Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels,ACIStructural Journal, July - August, pp. 354-362.

Engstrom, B., (1982). Ductility of Tie Connections for ConcreteComponents in precast Structure, Technical Report, FederationInternationale de la Precontrainte, London.

Gao J., Qian C., Liu H., Wang B., and Li L. (2005), ITZ microstructureof concrete containing GGBS, Cement and Concrete Research, 35,1299-1304.

Hassim S., Sazalli S.A.A.H., Jaafar M.S., (2008), Identification ofsources of risk in IBS project, European Journal of Social Sciences,6(3),315-324.

Hewlett P. (2003), Lea s chemistry of cement and concrete, Butterworth-Heinemann.

Huda AM., Jaafar M.S., Noorzaei J., Thanoon WA, Mohammed T.A.Modelling the effects of sediment on the seismic behaviour of KintaRoller compacted concrete dam (2010) Pertanika Journal of Scienceand Technology, 18(1), pp. 43-59.

Jaafar M. S., Thanoon W A M, Najm A. M.S., Abdulkadir M.R. andAbang Ali A.A, (2006). Strength Correlation Between IndividualBlock, Prism And Basic Wall Panel for Interlocking Mortarless HollowBlock Masonry, Construction and Building Materials, 20(7), 492-498.

Jaafar M. S., Thanoon W A, Trikha D.N.and Chong K.p, (2002), Behaviourof Distressed Reinforced Concrete Bridge Girders, IEM Journal,63(2).

Jaafar M.S., Yardim Y.,Thanoon WAM., Noorzaie J. (2003), Developmentof a knowledge-based system for condition assessment of bridges,Indian Concrete Journal, 77(12), 1484-1490.

Jaafar, M.S., Thanoon, WA, Kadir, M.R.A, Trikha, D.N. (2002). Strength& Durability Characteristics of High Strength Autoclaved SpecialConcrete, The Indian Concrete Journal, 76(12),771-775.

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Jaafar, M.S., Yardim, Y., Thanoon, W.A.M., Noorzaie, J. (2003),Development of A Knowledge-based System for Bridge ConditionAssessment, Indian Concrete Journal, 77(12),771-775.

Khan S.R.M., Noorzaei J., Kadir M.R.A., Waleed A.M.T., Jaafar M.S.(2007), UPy" method for strength detection of high performanceconcrete, Structural Survey, 25(1),61-73.

Kim S. Elliott, (2002), Precast Concrete Structure, ButterworthHeinemann, an imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre house, Oxford.

Kubaisy M.A. and Jumaat M.Z, (2000), Flexural Behaviour of ReinforcedConcrete Slab with Ferrocement Tension Zone Cove, Constructionand Building Materials, 14,245-525.

Kubaisy M.A., and Jumaat M.Z. (2001), Crack Control of ReinforcedConcrete Members Using Ferrocement Tension Zone Layer, Proc.of the Seventh International Symposium on Ferrocement and ThinReinforced Cement Composites, Singapore, June 27-29, pp.493-502.

Lee S.L., P.Paramasivam,C.T. Tam, K.C.G. Ong and K.H.Tan, (1990 ),Ferrocement: Alternative Material for Secondary Roofing Element,ACI Material Journal, 87(4), 378- 386.

Malhotra V (2000), role of supplementary cementing materials in reducinggreen house gas emissions, Concrete Technology for SustainableDevelopment in the 21'1. Century, London: E and FN Spon.

Malhotra, V. (1993), Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and rice-husk ash inconcrete: a review, Concrete International15, 23-23.

Malhotra, V. M. and P. K. Mehta (1996), Pozzolanic and cementitiousmaterials, Taylor and Francis.

Mehta, P. K. and P. J. Monteiro (2006), Concrete: microstructure,properties, and materials, McGraw-Hill.

Mindess, S., J. F. Young and D. Darwin (2003), Concrete. Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs.

Naaman A.E. ( 2001), Ferrocement and Thin Fiber Reinforced CementComposites: Looking Back, Looking Ahead, Seventh internationalsymposium on ferrocement and thin reinforced cement composites,National University of Singapore ,June 27-29,3-16.

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Naaman AE (2000), Ferrocement and Laminated CementitiousComposites, Techno Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Neville, A. M. (1973). Properties of concrete, Pitman, London.

Noorzaei, J, Bayagoob, K.H., Abdulrazeg,A.A., Jaafar, M.S., Mohammed.T.A. (2009), Three Dimensional NonlinearTemperature and StructuralAnalysis of Roller compacted Concrete Dam, Journal of Computermodelling in Engineering and Sciences, 47(1), 43-60.

Ohu R.B., Jaafar M.S., Aznieta EN., Alwathaf A.H. (2012). Performanceof concrete beams reinforced with embedded CFRP plates, IndianConcrete Journal, 86(7), 7-13. h-

Oner, A. and S. Akyuz (2007), An experimental study on optimum usage ofGGBS for the compressive strength of concrete, Cement and ConcreteComposites, 29(6), 505-514.

Sabir B., Wild S., and Bai J. (2001), Metakaolin and calcined clays aspozzolans for concrete: a review, Cement and Concrete Composites,23,441-454.

Safiee N., Jaafar M.S., Alwathaf A., Noorzaie J., Abdul Kadir M. (2011)Structural behaviour of mortarless interlocking load bearing hollowblock wall panel under out-of-plane loading, Advances in Structuralengineering, 14(6),1185-1196. Shi C. and Day R. L. (1993), Chemicalactivation of blended cements made with lime and natural pozzolans,Cement and Concrete Research, 23, 1389-1396,.

Shi C. and Hu S (2003), Cementitious properties of ladle slag finesunder autoclave curing conditions, Cement and Concrete Research,33,1851-1856.

Shibli R.M.K, Noorzaei J., Kadir M.R. A., Thanoon W.A.M. and JaafarM.S.(2008), Comparison of UPV and Sclerometer Test to PredictStrength of High Performance Concrete, Canadian Institutefor NDEJournal 29(2), 14-19,

Siddique R. and Klaus J. (2009), Influence of metakaolin on the propertiesof mortar and concrete: A review, Applied Clay Science, 43, 392-400.

Sittichai S. (2003), The Ninth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Stru_cturalEngineering and Construction, Thailand, Page MMR 54- MMR 59.

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Sutan N. M, Jaafar M.S. (2003), Distress detection in reinforced concreteby Non-destructive methods, Journal of Non-destructive Testing, 8( 1).

Sutan N. M, Jaafar M.S. and S. Hamdan, (2003), Concrete Deterioration:Detection By Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method, Canadian Institutefor NDE Journal, 24(3), 6-13.

Sutan, N.M., Jaafar, M.S., (2003), Evaluating Efficiency of NondestructiveDetection of Flaws in Concrete, Russian Journal of Non-destructiveTesting, 39(2), 87-93.

Thanoon WA., Jaafar M.S., Kadir M.R.A., Noorzaei 1. (2005), Repairand structural performance of initially cracked reinforced concreteslabs, Construction and Building Materials, 19(8),595-603.

Thanoon WA., Yardim Y., Jaafar M.S., Noorzaei 1. (2010), Structuralbehaviour of ferrocement-brick composite floor slab panel,Construction and Building Materials, 24(11),2224-2230.

Thanoon WA., Yardim Y., Jaafar M.S., Noorzaei 1. (2010), Developmentof interlocking mechanism for shear transfer in composite floor,Construction and Building Materials, 24(12),2604-2611.

Thanoon WA.M, Alwathaf A. H., Noorzaei 1., Jaafar M.S. andAbdulkadir... M.R, (2008), Finite Element analysis of interlocking mortarless hollow

block masonry prism, Computers and Structures, 86(6), 520-528.

Thanoon WA.M, Yavuz Y, Jaafar MS, Noorzaei 1. (2010) Structuralbehaviour of ferrocement-brick composite floor slab panel,Construction Build Material.

Thanoon, WA, Jaafar, M.S, Abdul Kadir, M.R, Abang Ali, A.A, Trikha,D.N, NajmA.M.S., (2004), Development ofAn Innovative InterlockingLoad Bearing Hollow Block System in Malaysia, Construction andBuilding Materials Journal, 18(6),445-454.

Thanoon, WA., Alwathaf, A.H., Noorzaei, 1., Jaafar, M.S., Abdulkadir,M.R., (2008), Nonlinear finite element analysis of grouted andungrouted hollow interlocking mortarless block masonry system,Engineering Structures, 30 1560-1572.

Yardim Y, PhD thesis, Development oflight weight composite slab systemfor residential building, Malaysia, UPM, 2008.

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Yardim Y,WaleedA.M.T., Jaafar M.S., Laseima S. (2013), AAC-concretelight weight precast composite floor slab, Construction and BuildingMaterials, 40, 405-410.

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BIOGRAPHY

Family and Academic BackgroundMohd. Saleh Jaafar was born on 3rd• May 1963 in Kg. Kandang,Melaka. He is the 12th. child among the 18 children born to Hj.Jaafar Yon and Hjh. Embok Chik Alias. His father was a barberand paddy farmer. His mother was a homemaker who receivedthe IBU MITHALI (exemplary mother) award from the MelakaState Government in 2005. Life was tough, but that taught Salehso many things about life and the true meaning of gratitude. He ismarried to Cikgu Rasilah Sampul and they have been blessed with7 children, currently aged between 10 to 27 years.

Saleh was the top student from primary to the upper secondaryschool levels. He obtained a BSc (Civil Engineering) with honoursfrom Michigan State University in 1985 (ranked 3rd. in his classof 80 graduates). He was a member of Chi Epsilon, a nationalCivil Engineering Honour Society in USA. He received his MS(Structures) from the Univ. of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1988, andPhD from Sheffield University, UK in 1998.

Academic Leadership - Positions and Achievements:Salehjoined the Civil Engineering Department in UPM in 1985 as atutor, and later as a lecturer in 1988. He was promoted to AssociateProfessor in 2001 and Professor in 2009. Upon completion of hisPhD, Saleh was appointed as the head of the Civil EngineeringDepartment from 1999 to 2006. He was a Deputy Dean (Academic)at the Faculty of Engineering from 2006-2007, and the Dean ofEngineering from 2007-2010. Saleh was later appointed as theDeputy Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation at UPM from2011 to 2013.

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During his nearly seven years of leading the Department ofCivil Engineering, UPM, he managed to enhance the productivityof staff members in research and teaching. As part of the EighthMalaysian Plan (2000-2005), the department managed to obtainabout RM 12 million in research grants. Journal article publicationby members of the department steadily increased from 0.2 journalarticles/staff/year in 2000 to over 2.5 journal articles/staff/year in2005. The Civil Engineering Department, UPM is now among theworld's top 150 in QS subject ranking.

He led thefaculty in the design, implementation and monitoringof Outcome Based Education (OBE) programmes and was at theforefront in helping the faculty to develop its strategic plan, keyperformance indicators and a quality assurance system for ISOcertification. He also led in the development of a much sought aftersystem for myOBEtmto manage OBE implementation. When he wasthe Dean of Engineering, the quantity and quality of publicationsby faculty members increased from 250 in 2007 to 400 in 2009.The total impact factor (measured by Thomson lSI) also increasedfrom 90 in 2007 to 215 in 2009.

On his appointment as UPM DVC (Research and innovation)in January 2011, he introduced and implemented several strategicinitiatives to strengthen research and innovation at UPM. Theinitiatives included:

• Introduction of the RDCE ecosystem for excellent andsustainable research: developing research clusters and researchworking groups to work on program based research acrossfaculties and institutes;

• Comprehensive training to produce staff with innovative mindsets, collaborating with SRI International for value creation;

• Strengthening strategic laboratories and infrastructure t~ reach

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

•

world class status with proper certification. The number oflabscertified increased from 2 to 15, and is expected to increaseto 50 by 2015;

Introduction ofEDUTourism as a platform for UPM technologyshowcase under the Edu-Park initiatives; and

Introduction ofUPM-Innohub as a platform to produce start-upcompanies based on UPM technologies and know-how.

•

UPM continues to generate research grants worth more than70 million per year. The university received the national awardfor innovation in 2012 and had the highest scores for innovationunder the Malaysian Research University assessment 2010-2012.UPM was in the top 2 under MyRA 2010-2012 evaluation and hasincreased its CH from 2000 in 2010 to nearly 3000 in 2013.

Under the Edu-park initiatives, eight locations in UPM, whichshowcase UPM expertise and technologies, have been identifiedby the Ministry of Tourism as meeting the standards of touristattractions. These locations have received a few thousand visitorssince their inception in mid-2012.

Saleh also strengthened UPM Press by bringing all facultybased journals under the DVC's office in order for UPM journalsto be indexed in Scopus/ lSI databases.

[

Saleh believes in bringing out the best from people and believes everyone can ]create value for the organisation. His leadership style can be summarised as

Listen, Learn and Lead - a style adapted from his alma matter.

ScUeht belUw~!AlI br~(}Ut"tM ~fr"om;peopZe"CU'I.dt belUw~EWery~

ClM'l/Cf"ea.te-v~for" tMor~ Nw le~denhip ltyZe"CIM'I/ be-~~~LI~ LEWWI'1ICU'l.dtLe.ad.-·c;!.IltyZe"adapted"fr"om;h4-

~ma.tter.

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Research ExperienceHe has been involved with researchers in the Housing ResearchCentre, UPM since 1997 and carried out research on a wide range oftopics related to concrete structures, from materials' characteristicsto structural behaviour and performance. His past and currentresearch interests include the development of the industrialisedbuilding system (IBS), RC and PSC structural behaviour andstrengthening, high performance concrete, non-destructive tests forconcrete structures and integral bridges. He has been involved in 16research projects with grants totalling more than RM5mil. He leadsseven of these research projects and the sponsors are governmentand private agencies, including a research project funded by KingSaud University, worth RM 1.8million. Saleh has supervised and co-supervised 16 PhD candidates, 37 MSc researches, 30 MS projectsand over 40 BS students. To date, he has published over 200 articles,of which over 90 are in citation indexed journals. He has over 435citations from a total of 98 indexed journals (over 4 citations perpaper) and his current H-index is 13. He also has patents grantedin Malaysia, UK and US for his research work on IBS and cementreplacement materials.

Professional Experience and ContributionsSaleh has had professional experience through his involvement withCivil & Structural consultancy firms such as Kemasepakat Sdn.Bhd. and Gabungan Jurubina. He has been involved in buildingand bridge design, structural assessment and rehabilitation. He hasbeen a registered Professional Engineer (P.E) since 1993 and was anon-executive director for JNA Consulting Engineers and advisorto Galas Consulting Engineer. He has also provided consultancyservices to Zaidun & Leng Consulting Engineers, Perunding Bersatu

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

and ICP Sdn. Bhd. Saleh has often been invited to give talks andconduct workshops to practising engineers and professionals.At the national level, he was actively involved with the EngineeringAccreditation Council as Panel member and associate director tohelp Malaysia obtain the Washington Accord Signatory memberstatus in 2007. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers,Malaysia (IEM) and has served as its council member for twoterms. He led the development of a rating and quality assessmentinstrument for private colleges (My Quest) which has been adoptedby the Ministry of Higher Education since 2010. He has also beenentrusted with chairing many national initiatives and committees,including MAPIM, MQA guides for Assessment, PoPBL trainingfor trainers modules, Research Acculturation and CollaborativeEffort (RACE), and the selection Committee for AnugerahAkademi Negara (Teaching & Learning). He was served as DeputyChairman for the working committee, in the development of theMalaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education). Heis now serving as the Director for the University TransformationProgramme, Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia. Saleh hasalso been serving as Science Council member for MARDI since2012.

At the international level, he is a founding member of theEuropean Silk Roads University Consortium (ESRUC), UniversityNetwork for Tropical Agriculture (UNTA) and a coordinator forASEAUNINET. He is a member of the American Association ofCivil Engineers (ASCE) and European Association for InternationalEducation (EAIE). He has established networks with manyuniversities in Turkey, Central Asia, Middle-east and Europe. Hewas made Chair for the drafting committee for the Kuala LumpurDeclaration for TVET in the UNESCO Asia Pacific Conference forEducation and Training 2015.

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Mohd. Saleh laafar

ACKNOWLEDGMENTIn the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful.

First praise is to Allah, the Almighty, on whom ultimately we dependfor sustenance and guidance. I can never thank Him enough forall that He has given or not given me, and for bringing me to thisstage of my life.

I am forever grateful to the Malaysian government forproviding me endless opportunities to succeed and contribute.The scholarships for all my studies had been duly provided by thegovernment and its agencies. I am extremely grateful to UPM forbelieving in me and giving me opportunities to make mistakes,learn and grow. My sincere appreciation to all my former schoolteachers at Sekolah Tun Mutahir and Sekolah Menengah MunshiAbdullah, supervisors at the University of Michigan at Ann Arborand Sheffield University for the teaching and guidance that made mewho I am today. Special thanks to all former heads of department,deans of faculty and vice chancellors of UPM for giving me theplatform and space to develop and express myself, the best way Ican.

I am always grateful to have been blessed with good friends andcolleagues, especially those in the Civil Engineering Department.I am especially grateful to all members of my research team - Dr.Razali, Dr. Waleed, Dr. Jamaloddin (Alfatihah), Dr. Farzad, Dr.Farah, Prof Abang Abdullah and Ir. Salihudin - they have beeninstrumental in the success of my academic and research journey.My academic life would not have been complete without thewonderful students I have had - Omer, Yavuz, Shibli, Norsuzalina,Ahmad Najm, Aeid, Ahmad Alwathaf, Norazizi, Khaled, RachelChong and Paknahad, amongst many others.

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Special thanks to the many external organizations which havehelped me grow in my profession - BEM, IEM, CIDB, PWD, MQA,MOST! and MOHE. I am also grateful for the opportunities givenby ICP Sdn. Bhd, the Center of Excellence for Concrete and KingSaud University for giving me the opportunity to do research intheir respective labs and their research grants.

My parents (Alfatihah) have been my inspiration for their loveand courage to bring up 18 children in a home full of laughter andcare. I am truly grateful to all my family members who have givenme encouragement and support. My life would not be c0ID.pleteand meaningful without my wife and children. I am blessed withtheir understanding and love. If what I have today is a success, itis clearly not mine alone but belongs to all of you.

"Who created you, fashioned you perfectly, and gave you due proportion"

[Infitar 82: 7J

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Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

LIST OF INAUGURAL LECTURES

1. Prof. Dr. Sulaiman M. YassinThe Challenge to CommunicationResearch in Extension22 July 1989

2. Prof. Ir. Abang Abdullah Abang AliIndigenous Materials and Technologyfor Low Cost Housing30 August 1990

3. Prof. Dr. Abdul Rahman Abdul RazakPlant Parasitic Nematodes, LesserKnown Pests of Agricultural Crops30 January 1993

4. Prof. Dr. Mohamed SuleimanNumerical Solution of OrdinaryDifferential Equations: A HistoricalPerspective11 December 1993

5. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Ariff HusseinChanging Roles of AgriculturalEconomics

... 5 March 1994

6. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Ismail AhmadMarketing Management: Prospectsand Challenges for Agriculture6April1994

7. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Mahyuddin Mohd.DahanThe Changing Demandfor LivestockProducts20 April 1994

8. Prof. Dr. Ruth KiewPlant Taxonomy, Biodiversity andConservation11 May 1994

9. Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Zohadie BardaieEngineering TechnologicalDevelopments Propelling Agricultureinto the 21st Century28 May 1994

10. Prof. Dr. Shamsuddin JusopRock, Mineral and Soil18 June 1994

11. Prof. Dr. Abdul Salam AbdullahNatural Toxicants Affecting AnimalHealth and Production29 June 1994

12. Prof. Dr. Mohd. YusofHusseinPest Control: A Challenge in AppliedEcology9 July 1994

13. Prof. Dr. Kapt, Mohd. Ibrahim HajiMohamedManaging Challenges in FisheriesDevelopment through Science andTechnology23 July 1994

14. Prof. Dr. Hj, Amat Juhari MoainSejarah Keagungan Bahasa Melayu6 August 1994

15. Prof. Dr. Law Ah TheemOil Pollution in the Malaysian Seas24 September 1994

16. Prof. Dr. Md. Nordin Hj. LajisFine Chemicals from BiologicalResources: The Wealth from Nature21 January 1995

17. Prof. Dr. Sheikh Omar Abdul RahmanHealth, Disease and Death inCreatures Great and Small25 February 1995

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18. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Shariff MohamedDinFish Health: An Odyssey through theAsia - Pacific Region25 March 1995

19. Prof. Dr. Tengku Azmi Tengku IbrahimChromosome Distribution andProduction Performance of WaterBuffaloes6 May 1995

20. Prof. Dr. Abdul Hamid MahmoodBahasa Melayu sebagai Bahasa Ilmu-Cabaran dan HarapanIOJunel995

21. Prof. Dr. Rahim Md. SailExtension Education forIndustrialising Malaysia: Trends,Priorities and Emerging Issues22 July 1995

22. Prof. Dr. Nik Muhammad Nik Abd.MajidThe Diminishing Tropical Rain Forest:Causes, Symptoms and Cure19August 1995

23. Prof. Dr. Ang Kok JeeThe Evolution of an EnvironmentallyFriendly Hatchery Technology forUdang Galah, the King of FreshwaterPrawns and a Glimpse into the Futureof Aquaculture in the 21st Century14 October 1995

24. Prof. Dr. Sharifuddin Haji AbdulHamidManagement of Highly Weathered AcidSoils for Sustainable Crop Production28 October 1995

25. Prof. Dr. Yu Swee YeanFish Processing and Preservation:Recent Advances and FutureDirections9 December 1995

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26. Prof. Dr. Rosli MohamadPesticide Usage: Concern and Options10 February 1996

27. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ismail AbdulKarimMicrobial Fermentation andUtilization of AgriculturalBioresources and Wastes in Malaysia2 March 1996

28. Prof. Dr. Wan Sulaiman Wan HarunSoil Physics: From Glass Beads toPrecision Agriculture16 March 1996

29. Prof. Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdul RahmanSustained Growth and SustainableDevelopment: Is there a Trade-Off 1 orMalaysia13 April 1996

30. Prof. Dr. Chew Tek AnnSharecropping in PerfectlyCompetitive Markets: A Contradictionin Terms27 April 1996

31. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Yusuf SulaimanBack to the Future with the Sun18 May 1996

32. Prof. Dr. Abu Bakar SallehEnzyme Technology: The Basis forBiotechnological Development8 June 1996

33. Prof. Dr. Kamel Ariffin Mohd. AtanThe Fascinating Numbers29June 1996

34. Prof. Dr. Ho Yin WanFungi: Friends or Foes27 July 1996

35. Prof. Dr. Tan Soon GuanGenetic Diversity of Some SoutheastAsian Animals: Of Buffaloes and .'Goats and Fishes Too10August 1996

Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

36. Prof. Dr. Nazaruddin Mohd. JaliWill Rural Sociology Remain Relevantin the 21st Century?21 September 1996

37. Prof. Dr. Abdul Rani BahamanLeptospirosis-A ModelforEpidemiology, Diagnosis and Controlof Infectious Diseases16 November 1996

38. Prof. Dr. Marziah MahmoodPlant Biotechnology - Strategies forCommercialization2 I December 1996

39. Prof. Dr. Ishak Hj. OmarMarket Relationships in the MalaysianFish Trade: Theory and Application22 March 1997

40. Prof. Dr. Suhaila MohamadFood and Its Healing Power12 April 1997

41. Prof. Dr. Malay Raj MukerjeeA Distributed CollaborativeEnvironmentfor Distance LearningApplications17 June 1998

42. Prof. Dr. Wong Kai ChooAdvancing the Fruit Industry inMalaysia: A Need to Shift ResearchEmphasis15 May 1999

43. Prof. Dr. Aini IderisAvian Respiratory andImmunosuppressive Diseases-A FatalAttraction10July 1999

44. Prof. Dr. Sariah MeonBiological Control of Plant Pathogens:Harnessing the Richness of MicrobialDiversity14 August 1999

45. Prof. Dr. Azizah HashimThe Endomycorrhiza: A FutileInvestment?23 October 1999

46. Prof. Dr. Noraini Abdul SamadMolecular Plant Virology: The WayForward2 February 2000

47. Prof. Dr. MuhamadAwangDo We Have Enough Clean Air toBreathe?7 April 2000

48. Prof. Dr. Lee Chnoong KhengGreen Environment, Clean Power24 June 2000

49. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Ghazali MohayidinManaging Change in the AgricultureSector: The Needfor InnovativeEducational Initiatives12 January 2002

50. Prof. Dr. Fatimah Mohd. ArshadAnalisis Pemasaran Pertaniandi Malaysia: Keperluan AgendaPembaharuan26 January 2002

5 I.Prof. Dr. Nik Mustapha R. AbdullahFisheries Co-Management: AnInstitutional Innovation TowardsSustainable Fisheries Industry28 February 2002

52. Prof. Dr. Gulam Rusul Rahmat AliFood Safety: Perspectives andChallenges23 March 2002

53. Prof. Dr. Zaharah A. RahmanNutrient Management Strategies forSustainable Crop Production in AcidSoils: The Role of Research UsingIsotopes13 April 2002

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54. Prof. Dr. Maisom AbdullahProductivity Driven Growth: Problems& Possibilities27 April2002

55. Prof. Dr. Wan Omar AbdullahImmunodiagnosis and VaccinationforBrugian Filariasis: Direct Rewardsfrom Research Investments6 June 2002

56. Prof. Dr. Syed Tajuddin Syed HassanAgro-ento Bioinformation: Towardsthe Edge of Reality22 June 2002

57. Prof. Dr. Dahlan IsmailSustainability of Tropical Animal-Agricultural Production Systems:Integration of Dynamic ComplexSystems27 June 2002

58. Prof. Dr. Ahmad ZubaidiBaharumshahThe Economics of Exchange Rates inthe East Asian Countries26 October 2002

59. Prof. Dr. Shaik Md. Noor Alam S.M.HussainContractual Justice in Asean: AComparative View of Coercion31 October 2002

60. Prof. Dr. Wan Md. Zin Wan YunusChemical Modification of Polymers:Current and Future Routes forSynthesizing New PolymericCompounds9 November 2002

61. Prof. Dr. Annuar Md. NassirIs the KLSE Efficient? Efficient MarketHypothesis vs Behavioural Finance23 November 2002

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62. Prof. Ir. Dr. Radin Umar Radin SohadiRoad Safety Interventions in Malaysia:How Effective Are They?21 February 2003

63. Prof. Dr. Shamsher MohamadThe New Shares Market: RegulatoryIntervention, Forecast Errors andChallenges26 April 2003

64. Prof. Dr. Han Chun KwongBlueprint for Transformation orBusiness as Usual? A StructurationalPerspective of the Knowledge-BasedEconomy in Malaysia {31 May2003

65. Prof. Dr. Mawardi RahmaniChemical Diversity of MalaysianFlora: Potential Source of RichTherapeutic Chemicals26July2003

66. Prof. Dr. Fatimah Md. YusoffAn Ecological Approach: A ViableOption for Aquaculture Industry inMalaysia9 August 2003

67. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ali RajionThe Essential Fatty Acids-Revisited23 August 2003

68. Prof. Dr. Azhar Md. ZainPsychotheraphy for Rural Malays -Does it Work?13 September 2003

69. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Zamri SaadRespiratory Tract Infection:Establishment and Control27 September 2003

70. Prof. Dr. Jinap SelamatCocoa-Wonders for Chocolate Lovers14 February 2004

Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

71. Prof. Dr. Abdul Halim ShaariHigh Temperature Superconductivity:Puzzle & Promises13 March 2004

72. Prof. Dr. Yaakob Che ManOils and Fats Analysis - RecentAdvances and Future Prospects27 March 2004

73. Prof. Dr. Kaida KhalidMicrowave Aquametry: A GrowingTechnology24 April 2004

74. Prof. Dr. Hasanah Mohd. GhazaliTapping the Power of Enzymes-Greening the Food IndustryII May2004

75. Prof. Dr. Yusof IbrahimThe Spider Mite Saga: Quest forBiorational Management Strategies22 May 2004

76. Prof. Datin Dr. Sharifah Md. NorThe Education of At-Risk Children:The Challenges Ahead

'" 26 June 2004

77. Prof. Dr. Ir. Wan Ishak Wan IsmailAgricultural Robot: A New TechnologyDevelopment for Agro-Based Industry14 August 2004

78. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Said SajapInsect Diseases: ResourcesforBiopesticide Development28 August 2004

79. Prof. Dr. Aminah AhmadThe Interface of Work and FamilyRoles: A Questfor Balanced LivesII March 2005

80. Prof. Dr. Abdul Razak AlimonChallenges in Feeding Livestock:From Wastes to Feed23 April 2005

81. Prof. Dr. Haji Azimi Hj. HamzahHelping Malaysian Youth MoveForward: Unleashing the PrimeEnablers29 April 2005

82. Prof. Dr. Rasedee AbdullahIn Search of An Early Indicator ofKidney Disease27 May 2005

83. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Hj. ShamsuddinSmart Partnership: Plant-Rhizobacteria Associations17 June 2005

84. Prof. Dr. Mohd KhanifYusopFrom the Soil to the TableI July 2005

85. Prof. Dr. Annuar KassimMaterials Science and Technology:Past. Present and the Future8 July 2005

86. Prof. Dr. Othman MohamedEnhancing Career DevelopmentCounselling and the Beauty of CareerGames12 August 2005

87. Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Amin Mohd SoomEngineering Agricultural WaterManagement Towards PrecisionFraming26 August 2005

88. Prof. Dr. Mohd Arif SyedBioremediation-A Hope Yetfor theEnvironment?9 September 2005

89. Prof. Dr. Abdul Hamid Abdul RashidThe Wonder of Our NeuromotorSystem and the TechnologicalChallenges They Pose23 December 2005

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90. Prof. Dr. Norhani AbdullahRumen Microbes and Some of TheirBiotechnological Applications27 January 2006

91. Prof. Dr. Abdul Aziz SahareeHaemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattleand Buffaloes: Are Jfe Ready forFreedom?24 February 2006

92. Prof. Dr. Kamariah Abu BakarActivating Teachers' Knowledge andLifelong Journey in Their ProfessionalDevelopment3 March2006

93. Prof. Dr. Borhanuddin Mohd. AliInternet Unwired24 March 2006

94. Prof. Dr. Sundararajan ThilagarDevelopment and Innovation in theFracture Management of Animals31 March 2006

95. Prof. Dr. Zainal Aznam Md. JelanStrategic Feedingfor a SustainableRuminant Farming19 May2006

96. Prof. Dr. Mahiran BasriGreen Organic Chemistry: Enzyme atWork14 July 2006

97. Prof. Dr. Malik Hj. Abu HassanTowards Large Scale UnconstrainedOptimization20 April 2007

98. Prof. Dr. Khalid Abdul RahimTrade and Sustainable Development:Lessons from Malaysia s Experience22 June2007

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99. Prof. Dr. Mad Nasir ShamsudinEconometric ModellingforAgricultural Policy Analysis andForecasting: Between Theory andReality13 July2007

100. Prof. Dr. Zainal Abidin MohamedManaging Change - The Fadsand The Realities: A Look atProcess Reengineering, KnowledgeManagement and Blue OceanStrategy9 November 2007

101. Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohamed Daud i'

Expert Systems for Environme~ialImpacts and Ecotourism Assessments23 November 2007

102. Prof. Dr. Saleha Abdul AzizPathogens and Residues; How Safeis Our Meat?30 November 2007

103. Prof. Dr. Jayum A. JawanHubungan Sesama Manusia7 December 2007

104. Prof. Dr. ZakariahAbdul RashidPlanningfor Equal IncomeDistribution in Malaysia: A GeneralEquilibrium Approach28 December 2007

105. Prof. Datin Paduka Dr. KhatijahYusoffNewcastle Disease virus: A Journeyfrom Poultry to CancerII January 2008

106. Prof. Dr. Dzulkefty Kuang AbdullahPalm Oil: Still the Best ChoiceI February 2008

107. Prof. Dr. Elias SaionProbing the Microscopic Worlds byLonizing Radiation22 February 2008

Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

108. Prof. Dr. MohdAli HassanWaste-to-Wealth ThroughBiotechnology: For Profit, Peopleand Planet28 March 2008

109. Prof. Dr. Mohd MaarofH. A. MoksinMetrology at Nanoscale: ThermalWave Probe M;de It SimpleII April 2008

110. Prof. Dr. Dzolkhifii OmarThe Future of Pesticides Technologyin Agriculture: Maximum Target Killwith Minimum Collateral Damage25 April 2008

111. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Yazid Abd. ManapProbiotics: Your Friendly GutBacteria9 May 2008

112. Prof. Dr. Hamami SahriSustainable Supply of Wood andFibre: Does Malaysia have Enough?23 May 2008

113. Prof. Dato' Dr. Makhdzir MardanConnecting the Bee Dots20 June 2008

114. Prof. Dr. Maimunah IsmailGender & Career: Realities andChallenges25 July 2008

115. Prof. Dr. Nor Aripin ShamaanBiochemistry of Xenobiotics:Towards a Healthy Lifestyle and SafeEnvironmentI August 2008

116. Prof. Dr. Mohd Yunus AbdullahPenjagaan Kesihatan Primer diMalaysia: Cabaran Prospek danImplikasi dalam Latihan danPenyelidikan Perubatan sertaSains Kesihatan di Universiti PutraMalaysia8 August 2008

117. Prof. Dr. Musa Abu HassanMemanfaatkan Teknologi Maklumat& Komunikasi ICT untuk Semua15 August 2008

118. Prof. Dr. Md. Salleh Hj. HassanRole of Media in Development:Strategies, Issues & Challenges22 August 2008

119. Prof. Dr. Jariah MasudGender in Everyday Life10 October 2008

120 Prof. Dr. Mohd Shahwahid HajiOthmanMainstreaming Environment:Incorporating Economic Valuationand Market-Based Instruments inDecision Making24 October 2008

121. Prof. Dr. Son RaduBig Questions Small Worlds:Following Diverse Vistas31 October 2008

122. Prof. Dr. Russly Abdul RahmanResponding to Changing Lifestyles:Engineering the Convenience Foods28 November 2008

123. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kamal MohdShariffAesthetics in the Environment anExploration of Environmental:Perception Through LandscapePreference9 January 2009

124. Prof. Dr. Abu Daud SilongLeadership Theories, Research& Practices: Farming FutureLeadership Thinking16 January 2009

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125. Prof. Dr. Azni IdrisWaste Management. What is theChoice: Land Disposal or Biofuel?23 January 2009

126. Prof. Dr. Jamilah BakarFreshwater Fish: The OverlookedAlternative30 January 2009

127. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Zobir HusseinThe Chemistry of Nanomaterial andNanobiomaterial6 February 2009

128. Prof. Ir. Dr. Lee Teang ShuiEngineering Agricultural: WaterResources20 February 2009

129. Prof. Dr. Ghizan SalehCrop Breeding: Exploiting Genes forFood and Feed6 March2009

130. Prof. Dr. Muzafar Shah HabibullahMoney Demand27 March 2009

131. Prof. Dr. Karen Anne CrouseIn Search of Small Active Molecules3 April2009

132. Prof. Dr, Turiman SuandiVolunteerism: Expanding theFrontiers of Youth Development17 April 2009

133. Prof. Dr. Arbakariya AriffIndustrializing Biotechnology: Rolesof Fermentation and BioprocessTechnology8 May2009

134. Prof. Ir. Dr. DesaAhmadMechanics of Tillage Implements12 June 2009

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135. Prof. Dr. W. Mahmood MatYunusPhotothermal and Photoacoustic:From Basic Research to IndustrialApplications10 July 2009

136. Prof. Dr. Taufiq Yap Yun HinCatalysis for a Sustainable World7 August 2009

137 Prof. Dr. Raja Noor Zaliha RajaAbd. RahmanMicrobial Enzymes: From Earth toSpace9 October 2009

138 Prof. Ir. Dr. Barkawi SahariMaterials. Energy and CNGDIvehicle Engineering6 November 2009

139. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli IdrusPoultry Welfare in ModernAgriculture: Opportunity or Threat?13 November 2009

140. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hanafi MusaManaging Phosphorus: Under AcidSoils Environment8 January 2010

141. Prof. Dr. Abdul Manan Mat JaisHaruan Channa striatus a DrugDiscovery in an Agro-IndustrySetting12 March 2010

142. Prof. Dr. Bujang bin Kim HuatProblematic Soils: In Search forSolution19 March 2010

143. Prof. Dr. Samsinar Md SidinFamily Purchase Decision Making:Current Issues & Future Challenges16Apri12010

Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

144. Prof. Dr. Mohd Adzir MahdiLightspeed: Catch Me If You Can4 June 2010

145. Prof. Dr. Raha Hj. Abdul RahimDesigner Genes: Fashioning MissionPurposed Microbes18 June 2010

146. Prof. Dr. Hj. Hamidon Hj. BasriA Stroke of Hope, A New Beginning2 July 2010

147. Prof. Dr. Hj. Kamaruzaman JusoffGoing Hyperspectral: The "Unseen"Captured?16 July 2010

148. Prof. Dr. Mohd Sapuan SalitConcurrent EngineeringforComposites30 July 2010

149. Prof. Dr. Shattri MansorGoogle the Earth: What's Next?15 October 2010

150. Prof. Dr. Mohd Basyaruddin AbdulRahmanHaute Couture: Molecules &Biocatalysts29 October 2010

151. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Hair BejoPoultry Vaccines: An InnovationforFood Safety and Security12 November2010

152. Prof. Dr. Umi Kalsom YusufFern of Malaysian Rain Forest3 December 2010

153. Prof. Dr. Ab. Rahim BakarPreparing Malaysian Youths for TheWorld of Work: Roles of Technicaland Vocational Education andTraining (TVET)14 January 2011

154. Prof. Dr. Seow Heng FongAre there "Magic Bullets "forCancer Therapy?II February 20 II

155. Prof. Dr. Mohd Azmi Mohd LilaBiopharmaceuticals: Protection,Cure and the Real Winner18 February 2011

156. Prof. Dr. Siti Shapor SirajGenetic Manipulation in FarmedFish: Enhancing AquacultureProduction25 March 20 II

157. Prof. Dr. Ahmad IsmailCoastal Biodiversity and Pollution:A Continuous Conflict22 Apri12011

158. Prof. Ir. Dr. Norman MariunEnergy Crisis 2050? GlobalScenario and Way Forward forMalaysia10 June 2011

159. Prof. Dr. Mohd Razi IsmailManaging Plant Under Stress: AChallenge for Food Security15 July 2011

160. Prof. Dr. Patimah IsmailDoes Genetic Polymorphisms AffectHealth?23 September 20 II

161. Prof. Dr. Sidek Ab. AzizWonders of Glass: Synthesis,Elasticity and Application7 October 2011

162. Prof. Dr. Azizah OsmanFruits: Nutritious, Colourful, YetFragile Gifts of Nature14 October 2011

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163. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Fauzi RamlanClimate Change: Crop Performanceand Potential11 November 20 II

164. Prof. Dr. Adem KilicmanMathematical Modeling withGeneralized Function25 November 20 II

165. Prof. Dr. Fauziah OthmanMy Small World: In BiomedicalResearch23 December 2011

166. Prof. Dr. Japar Sidik BujangThe Marine Angiosperms, Seagrass23 March 2012

167. Prof. Dr. Zailina HashimAir Quality and Children'sEnvironmental Health: Is OurFuture Generation at Risk?30 March 2012

168. Prof. Dr. Zainal Abidin MohamedWhere is the Beef? Vantage PointJorm the Livestock Supply Chain27 April2012

169. Prof. Dr. Jothi Malar PanandamGenetic Characterisation oj AnimalGenetic Resources for SustaninableUtilisation and Development30 November 2012

170. Prof. Dr. Fatimah Abu BakarThe Good The Bad & Ugly oj FoodSaJety: From Molecules to Microbes7December2012

171. Prof. Dr. Abdul Jalil NordinMy Colourful Sketches Jrom Scratch:Molecular Imaging5 April2013

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172. Prof. Dr. Norlijah OthmanLower Respiratory Injections inChildren: New Pathogens, OldPathogens and The Way Forward19April2013

173. Prof. Dr. Jayakaran MukundanSteroid-like Prescriptions EnglishLanguage Teaching Can III-afford26 April 2013

174. Prof. Dr. Azmi ZakariaPhotothermals Affect Our Lives7 June 2013

175. Prof. Dr. Rahinah IbrahimDesign Informatics21 June 2013

176. Prof. Dr. Gwendoline Ee ChengNatural Products Jrom MalaysianRainJorestsI November2013

177. Prof. Dr. Noor Akma IbrahimThe Many Facets oJStatisticalModeling22 November 2013

178. Prof. Dr. Paridah Md. TahirBonding with Natural Fibres6 December 2013

179. Prof. Dr. Abd Wahid HaronLivestock Breeding: The Past, ThePresent and The Future9 December 2013

180. Prof. Dr. Aziz ArshadExploring Biodiversity & FisheriesBiology: A Fundamental Knowledgefor Sustainabale Fish Production24 January 2014

181. Prof. Dr. Mohd Mansor IsmailCompetitiveness oj BeekeepingIndustry in Malaysia21 March 2014

Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

182. Prof. Dato' Dr. Tai Shzee YewFood and Wealth from the Seas:Health Checkfor the MarineFisheries of Malaysia25 Apri12014

183. Prof. Datin Dr. Rosenani Abu BakarWaste to Health; Organic WasteManagement for Sustainable SoilManagement and Crop Production9 May2014

184. Prof. Dr. Abdul Rahman OmarPoultry Viruses: From Threat toTherapy23 May 2014

185. Prof. Dr. Mohamad Pauzi ZakariaTracing the Untraceable:Fingerprinting Pollutants throughEnvironmental Forensics13 June 2014

186. Prof. Dr. -Ing. Ir. RenuganthVaratharajooSpace System Trade-offs: TowardsSpacecraft Synergisms15 August 2014

187. Prof. Dr. Latiffah A. LatiffTranformasi Kesihatan Wanita keArah Kesejahteraan Komuniti7 November 2014

188. Prof. Dr. Tan Chin PingFat and Oils for a Healthier Future:Makro, Micro and Nanoscales21 November 2014

189. Prof. Dr. Suraini Abd. AzizLignocellulosic Biofuel: A WayForward28 November 2014

190. Prof. Dr. Robiah YunusBiobased Lubricants: Harnessingthe Richness of AgricultureResources30 January 2015

190. Prof. Dr. Khozirah ShaariDiscovering Future Cures fromPhytochemistry to Metabolomics13 February 2015

191. Prof. Dr. Tengku Aizan Tengku AbdulHamidPopulation Ageing in Malaysia: AMosaic of Issues. Challenges andProspects13 March 2015

192. Prof. Datin Dr. Faridah HanumIbrahimForest Biodiversity: Importance ofSpecies Composition Studies27 March 2015

192. Prof. Dr. Mohd Salleh KamarudinFeeding & Nutritional Requirementsof Young Fish10 April2015

193. Prof. Dato' Dr. Mohammad ShatarSabranMoney Boy: Masalah Sosial EraGenerasiY8 Mei 2015

194. Prof. Dr. Aida Suraya Md. YunusDeveloping Students' MathematicalThinking: How Far Have We Come?5 June 2015

195. Prof. Dr. Amin IsmailMalaysian Cocoa or Chocolates: AStory of Antioxidants and More ...14 August 2015

196. Prof. Dr. Shamsuddin SulaimanCasting Technology: SustainableMetal Forming Process21 August 2015

197. Prof. Dr. Rozita RosliJourney into Genetic: Taking theTwist and Turns of Life23 October 2015

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J 98. Prof. Dr. Nor Aini Ab ShukorThe Un(Straight) Troth About Trees6 November 2015

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Documents

Advancing - psasir.upm.edu.mypsasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/57611/1/0001.pdfReka letak teks :Sahariah Abdol Rahim @Ibrahim Reka bentuk kulit :Md Fairus Ahmad Reka bentuk, reka letak dan