Advanced Chemistry Bell Ringers Semester 2 2015. Bell Ringer Match the following conversions to their equivalents: 0.357 atm6.6 x10 -2 torr 1104 torr271

Advanced Chemistry Bell Ringers Semester 2 2015

Bell Ringer Match the following conversions to their equivalents: 0.357 atm6.6 x10 -2 torr 1104 torr271 torr 147.2 kPa8.7 x 10 -5 atm

Bell Ringer Continued Match the following conversions to their equivalents: 0.357 atm6.6 x10 -2 torr 1104 torr271 torr 147.2 kPa8.7 x 10 -5 atm

Bell Ringer This chapter is governed by Boyles Law, Avagadros Law, Charles Law, and the Ideal Gas Law. Write a minimum of 11 sentences comparing and contrasting these laws and their relationships.

Bell Ringer

What would a plot of P versus 1/V look like for a fixed quantity of gas at a fixed temperature? A.Polynomial curve of third order B.Quadratic C.Exponential D.Linear

Bell Ringer How many moles of gas are in each vessel? A.0.5 B.1 C.1.5 D.2

Bell Ringer Your book states that the density of carbon dioxide vapor at 720 tor and 125 degrees Celsius is found to be 1.276 g/L. Do you agree of disagree with the books answer key? Why or Why Not?

Bell Ringer Continued 720 torr(1 atm/760 torr) = 0.947 atm MM of CO2 is 44.009 g/mol 125 degrees C + 273 = 398 K D = (0.947 atm)(44.009 g/mol) = 1.3 g/L (0.08206 L-atm/mol-K)(398K) See Equation 10.10 for formula Dont forget Sig Figs!

Bell Ringer Increasing P Increasing T A.IncreaseIncrease B.DecreaseNo change C.IncreaseDecrease D.No changeDecrease

Bell Ringer An inflated balloon has a volume of 6.0 L at sea level (1.0 atm) and is allowed to ascend until the pressure is 0.45 atm. During ascent, the temperature of the gas falls from 22 C to 21 C. Calculate the volume of the balloon at its final altitude.

Bell Ringer Calculating the Effect of Changing P and T on Gas Volume Because n is constant, we can use Equation 10.8. Rearranging Equation 10.8 to solve for V 2 gives An inflated balloon has a volume of 6.0 L at sea level (1.0 atm) and is allowed to ascend until the pressure is 0.45 atm. During ascent, the temperature of the gas falls from 22 C to 21 C. Calculate the volume of the balloon at its final altitude.

Bell Ringer In which of these substances is hydrogen bonding likely to play an important role in determining physical properties: methane (CH 4 ), hydrazine (H 2 NNH 2 ), methyl fluoride (CH 3 F), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)?

Bell Ringer We are given the chemical formulas of four compounds and asked to predict whether they can participate in hydrogen bonding. All the compounds contain H, but hydrogen bonding usually occurs only when the hydrogen is covalently bonded to N, O, or F. We analyze each formula to see if it contains N, O, or F directly bonded to H. There also needs to be a nonbonding pair of electrons on an electronegative atom (usually N, O, or F) in a nearby molecule, which can be revealed by drawing the Lewis structure for the molecule. The foregoing criteria eliminate CH 4 and H 2 S, which do not contain H bonded to N, O, or F. They also eliminate CH 3 F, whose Lewis structure shows a central C atom surrounded by three H atoms and an F atom. (Carbon always forms four bonds, whereas hydrogen and fluorine form one each.) Because the molecule contains a C F bond and not a H F bond, it does not form hydrogen bonds. In H 2 NNH 2, however, we find N H bonds, and the Lewis structure shows a nonbonding pair of electrons on each N atom, telling us hydrogen bonds can exist between the molecules: In which of these substances is hydrogen bonding likely to play an important role in determining physical properties: methane (CH 4 ), hydrazine (H 2 NNH 2 ), methyl fluoride (CH 3 F), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)?

Bell Ringer Rank the substances BaCl 2, H 2, CO, HF, and Ne in order of increasing boiling point.

Bell Ringer We need to assess the intermolecular forces in these substances and use that information to determine the relative boiling points. The boiling point depends in part on the attractive forces in each substance. We need to order these according to the relative strengths of the different kinds of intermolecular attractions. The attractive forces are stronger for ionic substances than for molecular ones, so BaCl 2 should have the highest boiling point. The intermolecular forces of the remaining substances depend on molecular weight, polarity, and hydrogen bonding. The molecular weights are H 2 (2), CO (28), HF (20), and Ne (20). The boiling point of H 2 should be the lowest because it is nonpolar and has the lowest molecular weight. The molecular weights of CO, HF, and Ne are similar. Because HF can hydrogen bond, however, it should have the highest boiling point of the three. Next is CO, which is slightly polar and has the highest molecular weight. Finally, Ne, which is nonpolar, should have the lowest boiling point of these three. The predicted order of boiling points is, therefore, H 2 < Ne < CO < HF < BaCl 2 List the substances BaCl 2, H 2, CO, HF, and Ne in order of increasing boiling point.

Bell Ringer Calculate the enthalpy change upon converting 1.00 mol of ice at 25 C to steam at 125 C under a constant pressure of 1 atm. The specific heats of ice, liquid water, and steam are 2.03 J/g-K, 4.18 J/g-K, and 1.84 J/g-K, respectively. For H 2 O, H fus = 6.01 kJ/mol and H vap = 40.67 kJ/mol.

Bell Ringer Our goal is to calculate the total heat required to convert 1 mol of ice at 25 C to steam at 125 C. We can calculate the enthalpy change for each segment and then sum them to get the total enthalpy change (Hesss law). Calculate the enthalpy change upon converting 1.00 mol of ice at 25 C to steam at 125 C under a constant pressure of 1 atm. The specific heats of ice, liquid water, and steam are 2.03 J/g-K, 4.18 J/g-K, and 1.84 J/g-K, respectively. For H 2 O, H fus = 6.01 kJ/mol and H vap = 40.67 kJ/mol. AB: H = (1.00 mol)(18.0 g/mol)(2.03 J/g-K)(25 K) = 914 J = 0.91 kJ For segment AB, we are adding enough heat to ice to increase its temperature by 25 C. A temperature change of 25 C is the same as a temperature change of 25 K, so we can use the specific heat of ice to calculate the enthalpy change during this process:

For segment BC, in which we convert ice to water at 0 C, we can use the molar enthalpy of fusion directly: The enthalpy changes for segments CD, DE, and EF can be calculated in similar fashion: The total enthalpy change is the sum of the changes of the individual steps: CD: H = (1.00 mol)(18.0 g/mol)(4.18 J/g-K)(100 K) = 7520 J = 7.52 kJ DE: H = (1.00 mol)(40.67 kJ/mol) = 40.7 kJ EF: H = (1.00 mol)(18.0 g/mol)(1.84 J/g-K)(25 K) = 830 J = 0.83 kJ H = 0.91 kJ + 6.01 kJ + 7.52 kJ + 40.7 kJ + 0.83 kJ = 56.0 kJ BC: H = (1.00 mol)(6.01 kJ/mol) = 6.01 kJ Bell Ringer Continued

Bell Ringer Day 1 of 4 for our Final Cation Lab You will use a hand out to begin writing up our Lab Log entry. I.Proceduresdetailed by simplified (should have prediction prior to starting) II.Safety-MSDS is a good resource III.Data/Observation Table ready for collection IN PENPartners are fine to this point

Lab Day 2 of 4 Data Collection Before you can begin collecting datayou must have your lab book entry preapproved. I.Procedures-short and sweet but shouldnt need the manual to know how to do the lab. WITH A Prediction! II.Safety section for chemicals and equipment we are using. MSDS is your BFF. III.Data/Observations (begin after approval)

Lab Day 3 of 4 Unknown Day! May the force be with you and not the m x a kind Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures, Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and Additional Questions. You will be submitting all 8 sections to the turnitin.com account. No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Lab Day 4 of 4 Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures, Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and Additional Questions. You will be submitting all 8 sections to the turnitin.com account. No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Bell Ringer Break down the roots of what dynamic equilibrium means and explain how butanol will reach dynamic equilibrium more quickly then dihydrogen monoxide.

Bell Ringer Chapter 11 Quiz Today Please have your remotes, scratch paper if you choose, Periodic Table and calculator ready!

Chapters 10 & 11 Exam Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure that it is YOUR number. Begin testing immediately. You may use: Scratch paper and a NON- Programmable Calculator. No Cell Phones!

A.Enthalpy and work B.Entropy and work C.Entropy and heat flow D.Entropy and enthalpy Bell Ringer Which two thermodynamic quantities determine whether or not a process is spontaneous?

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How does the magnitude of H mix compare with the magnitude of H solute + H solvent for exothermic solution processes? A.Larger B.Almost the same C.Smaller Bell Ringer Continued

A.Molality will be greater than its molarity. B.Molality will be nearly the same as its molarity. C.Molality will be smaller than its molarity. Bell Ringer If an aqueous solution is very dilute, will its molality be greater than its molarity, nearly the same as it molarity, or smaller than its molarity?

How does the solubility of KCl at 80 C compare with that of NaCl at the same temperature? A. NaCl is more soluble. B. KCl is more soluble. C. NaCl and KCl have about the same solubility.

Bell Ringer Today is your Exam II over chapters 11.4+ and Chapter 13 Please have your remote, paper for showing your work and non-programmable calculator ready.

Bell Ringer Calculating an Average Rate of Reaction From the data in Figure 14.3, calculate the average rate at which A disappears over the time interval from 20 s to 40 s.

Bell Ringer Continued We are given the concentration of A at 20 s (0.54 M) and at 40 s (0.30 M) and asked to calculate the average rate of reaction over this time interval. The average rate is given by the change in concentration, [A], divided by the change in time, t. Because A is a reactant, a minus sign is used in the calculation to make the rate a positive quantity.

(1)Reaction rate is experimentally measured as a reaction proceeds. (2)Rate constant is calculated from a rate law. (3)Rate law relates reaction rate to rate constant and concentrations. (4)Rate law describes the mechanism of a reaction. (5)Reaction rate depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction. A.(1), (2), (4) B.(2), (4), (4) C.(2), (3), (5) D.(1), (2), (3) Bell Ringer How do reaction rate, rate constant, and rate law differ?

Bell Ringer

How does the energy needed to overcome the energy barrier compare with the overall change in energy for this reaction? A.Similar in magnitude B.Extremely different in magnitude C.About twice as large as overall change in energy D.About half as large as the overall change in energy

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Where are the intermediates and transition states in this diagram? Red curveBlue curve A.Top of peak; no intermediatestop of first peak; top of second peak B.Top of peak; top of peakboth in the valley between peaks C.Top of peak; top of peaktop of both peaks; no intermediates D.Top of peak; no intermediatestop of both peaks; in the valley between the peaks

(a) A.2 nd order in NO, 1 st order in H 2, 2 nd order overall B.2 nd order in NO, 1 st order in H 2, 3 rd order overall C.1 st order in NO, 1 st order in H 2, 2 nd order overall D.1 st order in NO, 2 nd order in H 2, 3 rd order overall Bell Ringer

Writing Equilibrium-Constant Expressions Write the equilibrium expression for K c for the following reactions: (a) (b) (c)

Bell Ringer We are given three equations and are asked to write an equilibrium-constant expression for each. Using the law of mass action, we write each expression as a quotient having the product concentration terms in the numerator and the reactant concentration terms in the denominator. Each concentration term is raised to the power of its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation. (a) (b) (c)

(a) A.Moles of reactant always equals moles of product. B.Mass of reactant always equals mass of product. C.The rates of opposing reactions are equal. D.Cannot be determined without temperature information Bell Ringer

(b) A.The constant will be greater than 1. B.The constant will be less than 1. C.The constant will be equal to zero. D.Cannot determine without temperature information Bell Ringer Continued

A.K c represents the equilibrium constant when equilibrium (equil.) concentrations (conc.) are expressed in molarity and K p represents the equil. constant when equil. conc. are expressed in atm. B.K c and K p are the rate constants expressed in M/time and atm/time respectively. C.K c and K p are the equil. constants with units of molarity and atmospheres, respectively. D.K c and K p are the rate constants used to determine rates of solution and gaseous reactions respectively. Bell Ringer

Converting between K c and K p For the Haber process, K c = 9.60 at 300 C. Calculate K p for this reaction at this temperature.

We are given K c for a reaction and asked to calculate K p. The relationship between K c and K p is given by Equation 15.14. To apply that equation, we must determine n by comparing the number of moles of product with the number of moles of reactants (Equation 15.15). With 2 mol of gaseous products (2 NH 3 ) and 4 mol of gaseous reactants, (1 N 2 + 3 H 2 ), n = 2 4 =2. (Remember that functions are always based on products minus reactants.) The temperature is 273 + 300 = 573 K. The value for the ideal- gas constant, R, is 0.08206 L-atm/mol-K. Using K c = 9.60, we therefore have Bell Ringer

A.The equilibrium shifts to the left. B.The equilibrium does not change. C.The equilibrium shifts to the right. D.Cannot determine what happens without knowing the magnitude of increase in volume Bell Ringer

Day 1 of 4 for our Lab You will use a hand out to begin writing up our Lab Log entry. I.Proceduresdetailed by simplified (should have prediction prior to starting) II.Safety-MSDS is a good resource III.Data/Observation Table ready for collection IN PENPartners are fine to this point

Lab Day 3 of 4 Unknown Day! May the force be with you and not the m x a kind Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures, Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and Additional Questions. You will be submitting all 8 sections to the turnitin.com account. No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Lab Day 4 of 4 Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures, Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and Additional Questions. You will be submitting all 8 sections to the turnitin.com account. No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Chapters 14 & 15 Exam III Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure that it is YOUR number. Begin testing immediately. You may use: Paper to show your work and a NON-Programmable Calculator. No Cell Phones!

Bell Ringer Day 1 of 3 for our Lab You will use a hand out to begin writing up our Lab Log entry. I.Proceduresdetailed by simplified (should have prediction prior to starting) II.Safety-MSDS is a good resource III.Data/Observation Table ready for collection IN PENPartners are fine to this point

Lab Day 3 of 3 Final Day for Calcium Data Collection! Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures, Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and Additional Questions. You will be submitting all 8 sections to me on Tuesday after the break. Paper copy submission please No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Bell Ringer The Ka for formic acid (HCHO2) is 1.8 10-4. What is the pH of a 0.35-M aqueous solution of sodium formate (NaCHO2)? A)5.36 B)B) 8.64 C)C) 10.71 D)D) 4.20 E)E) 3.29

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Compare and contrast Arrhenius & BL acid and base definitions. Be prepared to share: 1-thing they have in common 2-things they have different 3-concept you remember from the past with acids and bases (can be any random fact)

A.pH = 17.00; basic because pH > 7 B.pH = 11.00; basic because pH > 7 C.pH = 3.00; acidic because pH < 7 D.The pH cannot be determined without [H + ] information. Solution is basic because pOH < 7. Bell Ringer If the pOH for a solution is 3.00, what is the pH? Is the solution acidic or basic?

Bell Ringer Why can we generally assume that the equilibrium concentration of a weak acid equals its initial concentration? A.Because K a for weak acids slightly less than 1 and therefore, the extent of ionization is very small and can be neglected. B.Because most weak acids of low to moderate concentration undergo very little ionization, often less than 1% in solution, and thus the extent of ionization can be neglected. C.Because most weak acids of high or low concentration will form minimal conjugate base and thus the extent of ionization can be neglected. DBecause for each weak acid dissociating in solution, a weak acid molecule is formed with minimal conjugate base forming and thus the extent of ionization can be neglected.

pK a (HF)pK b (F ) A.3.1710.83 B.10.833.17 C.9.604.40 D.4.409.60 Bell Ringer What is the pKa value for HF? What is the pKb value for F - ?

Bell Ringer Turn to page 691 of our book. Note the Sample Integrated Exercise. This example is AWESOME! Please take 3 minutes to copy this example into your learning log to be used on your quiz today. I will take 3 questions or comments when you are finished about this example before we begin our quiz.

Bell Ringer Today is a Exam 4 Work Day! Please find 2 questions from our Socrative you are not confident in. Be prepared to share those questions with your peers.

Exam IV Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure that it is YOUR number. Begin testing immediately. You may use: Paper to show your work and a calculator. No Cell Phones!

Bell Ringer Balance the following reaction: Zn + H 2 SO 4 ZnSO 4 + H 2 Mg + O 2 MgO CaC 2 + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 + C 2 H 2 (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH + O 2 H 2 O + CO 2 CuSO 4 5H 2 O CuSO 4 + H 2 O

Bell Ringer Your sample contains 50 ml of.1 M HCl. What volume of NaOH(aq) would be needed to reach the equivalence point if the concentration if the added base were 0.200 M?

A.HClO because it is a stronger weak acid. A salt containing ClO is also needed. B.HNO 2 because it is a stronger weak acid. A salt containing NO 2 is also needed. C.HClO because its pK a is closer to pH = 7.0. A salt containing ClO is also needed. D.HNO 2 because its pK a is closer to pH = 7.0. A salt containing NO 2 is also needed. Bell Ringer

A.pH = 4.2 B.pH = 7.0 C.pH = 8.2 D.pH = 9.8 Bell Ringer

A.The nearly vertical equivalence point portion of the titration curve is large for a weak acid-strong base titration, and fewer indicators undergo their color change so quickly because the change is difficult to monitor. B.The nearly vertical equivalence point portion of the titration curve is smaller for a weak acid-strong base titration, and fewer indicators undergo their color change within this narrow range. C.Many indicators do not change colors at the equivalence points of weak acid-strong base titrations. D.Equivalence points at pHs other than 7.00 are difficult to determine. Bell Ringer

What is the number one greenhouse gas in the Earth atmosphere?

A.Amphoteric substances are acids whereas amphiprotic substances are acids. B.Amphoteric substances are bases whereas amphiprotic substances are acids. C.Amphoteric substances can act both as an acid and a base whereas amphiprotic substances are acids. D.Amphoteric substances can act both as an acid and a base whereas amphiprotic substances can accept or donate a proton.

Exam V Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure that it is YOUR number. Begin testing immediately. P.S. Last Book Exam Until the Final!!! You may use: Paper to show your work and a NON-Programmable Calculator. No Cell Phones!

Bell Ringer Day 1 of 4 for our Lab You will use a hand out to begin writing up our Lab Log entry. I.Proceduresdetailed by simplified (should have prediction prior to starting) II.Safety-MSDS is a good resource III.Data/Observation Table ready for collection IN PENPartners are fine to this point

A.Yes. Nonspontaneous processes can never occur under any circumstances. B.No. Nonspontaneous processes can occur with some continuous external assistance. Bell Ringer

A.The value of S is a state function because q is constant for a specified T irrespective of the path chosen. B. S depends not merely on q but on q rev. There is only one reversible isothermal path between two states regardless of the number of possible paths. C. S has negligible dependence on q and thus q does not affect the state function properties of S or S. D. H = q p. H is directly related to q. H is a state function; thus, S is also a state function. Bell Ringer

A.We need to know if the change involves a closed or open system to make a conclusion. B. The entropy of the surroundings must increase by the same amount as the entropy decrease of the system. C.The entropy of the surroundings must increase by a greater amount than the entropy decrease of the system. D.The entropy of the surroundings must decrease by a smaller amount than the entropy decrease of the system. Bell Ringer

A.Always increase B.Always decrease C.Sometimes increases and sometimes decreases, depending on the process Bell Ringer

A. H = T S B. H < T S C. H > T S D.Cannot determine without additional information Bell Ringer

A.N, +1; O, 1 B.N, +2; O, 2 C.N, +3; O, 2 D.N, +4; O, 2 Bell Ringer

A.Yes, in each half-reaction B.Yes, on both sides of the balanced equation for a redox reaction C.No, the electrons do not show in half-reactions and therefore they do not appear in a balanced equation for a redox reaction. D.No, the electrons cancel in adding half-reactions to form a balanced equation for a redox reaction. Bell Ringer

Explain (a) the vigorous bubbling in the beaker on the right and (b) the formation of steam above that beaker. A.(a) Bubbling is caused by water vapor escaping and (b) the exothermic reaction in water produces steam. B.(a) Bubbling is caused by water vapor escaping and (b) the endothermic reaction in water produces steam. C.(a) Bubbling is caused by hydrogen gas forming and (b) the endothermic reaction in water produces steam. D.(a) Bubbling is caused by hydrogen gas forming and (b) the exothermic reaction in water produces steam.

Bell Ringer Have your learning log out and be ready for 20.1 and 20.2 presentations.

Bell Ringer Have your learning log out and be ready for 20.7, 20.8 and 20.9 presentations.

Bell Ringer

Which species is reduced in this reaction? Which species is the reducing agent? A. MnO 4 - is reduced and the reducing agent is H +. B. MnO 4 - is reduced and the reducing agent is C 2 O 4 2-. C. H + is reduced and the reducing agent is C 2 O 4 2-. D. H + is reduced and the reducing agent is MnO 4 -.

Bell Ringer

Which metal, Cu or Zn, is oxidized in this voltaic cell? A. Cu, because it loses electrons in the chemical reaction. B. Cu, because it gains electrons in the chemical reaction. C. Zn, because it loses electrons in the chemical reaction. D. Zn, because it gains electrons in the chemical reaction.

Bell Ringer Pick up your lab drawer key and be ready to check in your materials.

Bell Ringer ACS Practice for the Final DayNo time to play. Be seated and ready for instructions. Todays Topic: Dynamics

Bell Ringer ACS Practice for the Final DayNo time to play. Be seated and ready for instructions. Todays Topic: Equilbrium

Bell Ringer ACS Practice for the Final DayNo time to play. Be seated and ready for instructions. Todays Topic: Redox

Bell Ringer ACS Practice for the Final DayNo time to play. Be seated and ready for instructions. Todays Topic: Periodicity

Bell Ringer ACS Practice for the Final DayNo time to play. Be seated and ready for instructions. Todays Topic: Lab Chemistry

ACS Exam Pick up your remote from the CPS bag. Be sure that it is YOUR number. Begin testing immediately. You may use: Paper to show your work and a NON-Programmable Calculator. No Cell Phones!

Bell Ringer Day 1 of 4 for our Calorimeter Lab You will use a hand out to begin writing up our Lab Log entry. I.Proceduresdetailed by simplified (should have prediction prior to starting) II.Safety-MSDS is a good resource III.Data/Observation Table ready for collection IN PENPartners are fine to this point

Lab Day 3 of 4 Final Day for Calorimeter Data Collection! Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures, Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and Additional Questions. You will be submitting all 8 sections to me on Tuesday after the break. Paper copy submission please No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Lab Day 4 of 4 Final Day for Calorimeter Data Collection! Remember a full lab report includes: Intro, Procedures, Safety, Data & Observations, Calculations & Results (excel graphs etc), Discussion of Results, References in ACS and Additional Questions. You will be submitting all 8 sections to me on Tuesday after the break. Paper copy submission please No 3 rd Person! Individual work!

Bell Ringer

Finals Bell Ringer Pick up your remote, take out your calculator (no cell phones) & scratch paper. No personal periodic tables but the one in our test booklet or on the wall is fair game. Your grade is based on number correct so it is to your best interest to answer every question.

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Advanced Chemistry Bell Ringers Semester 2 2015. Bell Ringer Match the following conversions to their equivalents: 0.357 atm6.6 x10 -2 torr 1104 torr271