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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP
“UPGRADING LIFE IN HISTORIC TOWNS –
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
OCTOBER 3-4DUBROVNIK
SESSION ON FORTIFIED HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY
ADOPTING GREEN SOLUTIONS FOR THE RE-USE OF FORTIFIED SITES
MARCO ACRI
UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA – ETCAEH PROGRAM
MARCO POLO SYSTEM GEIE
WHAT DOES IT MEAN “GREEN SOLUTIONS”
IMPLEMENTATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES
ADOPTION OF SOLUTION TO REDUCE POLLUTION, NOT FORCELY THE USE OF ENERGY
ATTENTION TO THE CONCEPT OF MINIMAL (OR EVEN 0) INTERVENTION IN RESTORATION
USE OF LOCAL MATERIALS, 0KM BETTER MANAGEMENT OF THE SITE WITH
INTEGRATED AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL USES REDUCING MAINTENANCE WORKS –
PREVENTIVE SOLUTIONS
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FORTIFIED HERITAGE
3 MAIN TYPES
WALLED TOWNS AND CITADELLES
CASTLES DEFENSE SYSTEMS
MADE OF FORTS, BUNKERS, ETC.
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FORTIFIED TOWNS AND CITADELLES
FORTIFIED TOWNS ARE SETTLEMENTS DATING BACK TO EARLY AGES AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS HISTORIC CITIES
CITADELLES WERE MADE TO PRESERVE TOWNS AND WERE STRICTLY RELATED TO THEM IN AN URBAN CONTEXT
THE APPROACH FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOLLOWS THE ONE OF HISTORIC TOWNS THAT HAVE BEEN LIVED
FOR CENTURIES
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CASTLES
CASTLES DATE BACK TO THE EARLY AGES AND ARE OFTEN CHARACTERISED BY FRAGILES ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
THE RESTORATION AND RE-USE OF CASTLES FACES THE CHALLENGE OF INTERVENING ON MONUMENTS, THUS INVOLVING STRICT BONDS
IMPLEMENTING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS COULD BE IMPEDED BY THE
HISTORIC AND ARTISTIC VALUE OF THE PLACE
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FORTIFIED SYSTEMS AND FORTS
THEIR ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES ARE RELEVANT BUT NOT UNIQUE
THEIR STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS ARE OFTEN POOR THEIR EVALUATION BY PRESENT SOCIETIES IS NOT YET
HIGH THEY ARE ABANDONED AND OFTEN IN ISOLATED AREAS THEY ARE OFTEN EXCLUDED OR LACKING FROM USUAL
BASIC SERVICES (ELECTRICITY, WATER, GAS, ETC.)
IMPLEMENTING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS IS A MUST AND THESE SITES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS PILOT SITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS SPECIFIC
FIELD
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ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERIALS OF FORTS
SIMPLE BRICKWORK IN LOCAL STONE OR BRICKS – LOW ENERGY COST REPLACEMENT
ARCHES AND VAULTS TO SUSTAIN EARTH FILLING – RELATIVELY LOW MAINTENANCE NEED
SIMPLE WOODEN WINDOWS AND DOORS, WHEN STILL IN PLACE – EASY AND LOW COST MAINTENANCE
SIMPLE WOODEN, CONCRETE, BRICK AND STONE MADE PAVEMENTS – EASY MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT TO INTRODUCE NEW TECHNOLOGIES
LIMITED DECORATIONS (ENTRANCE DOORS, COLUMNS, ETC.) – LESS IMPEDIMENTS IN INTRODUCTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES
OFTEN BARRACKS WITH THIN WALLS AND METALLIC ROOFS – EASY REPLACEMENT/RESTORATION WITH BETTER INSULATION
THERE IS A CERTAIN FLEXIBILITY WITHIN THE RESTORATION THEORY, ESPECIALLY IN THE SUBSTITUTION OF DETERIORATED MATERIALS
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LOW ATTACHMENT BY PRESENT SOCIETIES AND LACK OF RESOURCES MADE THEM ABANDONED
LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES RAPID ABANDONEMENT BY THE ARMY DURING THE END
OF 19° CENTURY DIFFICULTY IN DEFINING THEIR RE-USE DISTANCE FROM URBAN CENTERS AND LACK OF
ACCESSIBILITY HIGH COSTS FOR ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
REGENERATION DIFFERENT SENSITIVENESS BY DIFFERENT GENERATIONS
THESE PROBLEMS AND WEAKNESSES COULD BE TURNED INTO STRENGHTS
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND OPPORTUNITIES
FORTIFICATION WERE CONCEIVED TO BE ALMOST AUTONOMOUS – ENERGY WAS OFTEN INTERNALLY PRODUCED
VEGETATION WAS ALSO PRESENT TO FEED THE FORT – POSSIBILITY TO RE-ESTABLISH ORIGINAL OR SIMILAR PLANTATIONS
FORTIFICATION SUFFERS OF HIGH DEGREES OF POLLUTION – NEED OF REGENERATION
THE SHOOTING RANGE WAS KEEPING BIG LANDS FREE OF CONSTRUCTIONS – LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION
THE LIFE IN THE FORT WAS HARDER – REVISION OF THE COMFORT CRITERIA
ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE GOOD CLIMATE CONDITIONS
FLEXIBLE RESTORATION AND RE-USE, AS WELL AS THE POTENTIALITIES TO ADOPT AND TEST NEW SOLUTIONS
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ENERGY SAVING- INSULATION
REDUCING THE WASTE OF ENERGY INSULATING THE WALLS INSULATING THE ROOF IMPROVING THE RESISTENCE OF WINDOWS (KEEPING
THE ORIGINAL WOODEN OR METALLIC FRAME) INSULATING THE PAVEMENTS (OFTEN POSSIBLE) OR
ADDING A WOODEN LAYER INSULATING (THERMIC) PLASTERS
THESE ARE BASIC PRINCIPLES, POSSIBLE AND LOW COST
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ENERGY PRODUCTION – FOTOVOLTAIC AND SOLAR
STRENGHTS PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FOR MULTIPLE USES PRODUCTION OF HOT/WARM WATER FOR MULTIPLE USES EASY, CHEAP AND REVERSIBLEWEAKNESSES OFTEN FORBIDDEN IN HERITAGE SITES DUE TO THEIR
IMPACT ON THE VISUAL INTEGRITY AND LANDSCAPE
THESE SOLUTIONS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED EVEN TEMPORARILY TO AVOID OUTDATED INTRODUCTION OF
INFRASTRUCTURES
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ENERGY PRODUCTION – BIOMASS
STRENGHTS AVAILABILITY OF PRIMARY RESOURCES IN THE FORTS AND
OUTSIDE FLEXIBILITY IN THE USE (WHEN NEEDED) EASY STOCK OF PRIMARY RESOURCES WEAKNESSES THE STOCK OF RESOURCES IS VISIBLE AND SPACE
CONSUMING HIGHER COSTS?
THERE ARE SUCCESFUL EXAMPLE OF UTILISATION OF THIS TECHNOLOGY. IT IS SUGGESTED IN FORTIFICATIONS
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Fort Bakkerskil
ENERGY PRODUCTION –THERMIC
STRENGHTS HUGE EMPTY SPACES IN FORTIFICATIONS ALMOST NO MAINTENANCE ANY BUILDING IN THE FORTIFICATION COULD BE ALMOST
AUTONOMOUS GOOD COOLING SYSTEM – STABLE CLIMATE DIGGING IS AN OCCASION TO DEPOLLUTE THE SOILWEAKNESSES TO BE MATCHED WITH OTHER ENERGY PROVISIONS (FOTOVOLTAIC,
THE NET, ETC.) HIGHER COSTS?
THIS SYSTEM IS IN USE IN FORT VUREN SUCCESFULLY. FORTIFICATIONS CAN OFFER WIDE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POSITIONING
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Fort Vuren
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
STRENGHTS LOW COST SOLUTION AND PRETTY ADAPTABLE TO
FORTIFICATIONS’ STRUCTURES (ESPECIALLY THE PAVEMENT SINCE PAVEMENT ARE VERY POOR AND ALWAY NEED RENEWALS
ALMOST NO MAINTENANCE PARTIALLY REVERSIBLE GOOD COOLING SYSTEM – STABLE CLIMATEWEAKNESSES PARTIALLY REVERSIBLE SUSTAINABLE (RECICLYNG..?)
THERE ARE SUCCESFUL EXAMPLE OF UTILISATION OF THIS TECHNOLOGY. IT IS SUGGESTED IN FORTIFICATIONS
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SEWAGE AND MAINTENANCE: PHYTODEPURATION
STRENGHTS REGENERATION OF THE SOIL AND NO NEED TO COLLECT TO
THE CENTRAL SEWAGE SYSTEM ALMOST NO MAINTENANCE TO BE COMBINED WITH LANDSCAPING PROJECT TO REDUCE
MAINTENANCE (NO MOWING…) POTENTIALLY GOOD FOR THE FORTIFICATION SURROUNDED BY
WATER CANALSWEAKNESSES HIGH INITIAL COSTS
THERE ARE SUCCESFUL EXAMPLE OF UTILISATION OF THIS TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA. IT IS SUGGESTED IN FORTIFICATIONS
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INTEGRATION OF USES: PROPER MANAGEMENT
THESE SOLUTIONS ARE SUGGESTED FOR FORTIFIED SITES CONSIDERING THE COMMON NEED OF COMPLETE REGENERATION AND REUSE.
THE SUCCESS IS ALSO DEPENDENT ON THE RE-USE OF THE FORTIFIED SITE AND ITS OBJECTS, TO BE IN LINE WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDINGS AND WITH ITS OVERALL ENERGETIC NEED.
THE USE DESTINATION DETERMINE THE CLIMATE NEEDED. MUSEUMS HAVE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS, RESTAURANTS HAVE OTHERS. PROXIMITY OF COMPLEMENTARY USES SHOULD ALSO BE CONSIDERED
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THE REGENERATION OF FORTE MARGHERA
FORTE MARGHERA IS LOCATED AT THE ENTRANCE OF VENICE IN THE POLLUTED AREA OF THE FORMER CHIMIC INDUSTRY.
ITS REGENERATION DEPENDS ON THE PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS, AS WELL AS ON THE ADOPTION OF DEPOLLUTING TECNIQUES.
GREEN SOLUTIONS ARE UNDER EXAMINATION AND COULD BE EXPERIMENTED SOON IN DIFFERENT FORMS
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THE REGENERATION OF FORTE MARGHERAA
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