Admission Regulation of Traffic to Admission Regulation of Traffic to Improve Public Transport in Urban Improve Public Transport in Urban

Areas Areas

Manuel Augusto VieiraManuel Augusto VieiraTraffic Division of Lisbon’s City HallTraffic Division of Lisbon’s City Hall

Carlos Filipe Gomes BispoCarlos Filipe Gomes BispoInstituto de Sistemas e Robótica Instituto de Sistemas e Robótica

Instituto Superior TécnicoInstituto Superior Técnico

OutlineOutline

• Introduction and Motivation

• The problem

• The approach

• The experiment

• Conclusions

INTRODUCTION and MOTIVATIONINTRODUCTION and MOTIVATION

The overal pictureThe overal picture

• Cars - Explosive– Increasingly being used for daily transportation.

– Increase in their number.

• Roads - Deficient– Mainly radial, discontinuities, etc.

• Public transport supply - Inadequate– Maladjusted supply and demand, no quality monitoring

• Urban growth – Chaotic– Services in the town

– Housing moving away from town

City of hills (space)City of hills (space)

• Lisbon – the capital city

• Close to one million inhabitants

• Over 3 million in the metro-politan area surrounding the city

• The roads are mainly radial in between the major hills

IC19

IC19

CR IL

CR IL

RA DIAL DE BE NF ICA

CREL

CREL

CREL

A 5A 5

A 5

P ONT E 25 DE A B R IL

AV. DA P ONT E

2ª C IRCU L A R

N 117

AV. M A RGINA L

2ª C IRCU L A R

City of hills (time)City of hills (time)

• Significant amount of commut-ers

• The morning peak more pronounced and well defined.

• The afternoon peak is “softer” and longer

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240

1x104

2x104

3x104

4x104

5x104

Fluxo

Veí

culo

s/h

Período (horas)

Daily flow balanceDaily flow balance

• City has a wide network of sensors– Entry gates, traffic lights,

roundabouts, etc.

• One day picture of flow balance at all the gates

THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM

All gates wide openAll gates wide open

• Daily “invasion” of private cars

• No tradition of car pooling

• Average circulating speed of buses is below 15 Km/h (less than 9.4 miles/hour)

• Public Transport “crushed” by the pressure of private trans-port

THE APPROACHTHE APPROACH

The alternative viewThe alternative view

• Main objective: to reduce the pressure exerted on the Public Transport (PT) by the Indivi-dual Transport (IT)

• What is the influence of IT over the average speed of PT?

• Are there bounds for the inflow of IT that will render PT competitive?– That is, average speed above

20 Km/h (12.5 miles/h), at least

Bus route under observationBus route under observation

CAIS DO SODRÉ

CAMPO GRANDE

Troço Chapa Tempo

Circulação (min)

Tempo Comercial

(min)

Início Paragens

CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 6 4 4 02-09-2002

5:36

2

CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 7 5 5 02-09-2002

5:49

2

CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 8 5 5 02-09-2002

6:01

2

CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 1 6 6 02-09-2002

6:13

2

C. Sodré-Rossio 1710m

Rossio-Marquês 1760m

Marquês-Saldanha 890m

Saldanha-Entrecampos 1550m

Entrecampos-Campo Grande 1330m

TOTAL 7240m

Campo Grande- Entrecampos 1300m

Entrecampos- Saldanha 1570m

Saldanha- Marquês 890m

Marquês Rossio 1870m

Rossio- C. Sodré 1310m

TOTAL 6940m

S.A.E.I.P.1

CT 24

Gate under observationGate under observation

660 cars/h

30%

Av. Liberdade

880 cars/h

40%Av. Fontes P. Melo

Av. Joaquim A. Aguiar2.200 cars/h

Cars/hour vs. Bus speedCars/hour vs. Bus speed

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Vel

ocid

ade

(Km

/h)

Veículos/h

Veíc

ulos

/h

Período (horas)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Velocidade média

September, 16, 2002

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

VMC=12,27+21,96 exp[-(I-322)/1495)]

Vel

ocid

ade

méd

ia (

Km

/h)

Fluxo (veículos/h)

Speed as a function of in-flow rateSpeed as a function of in-flow rate

THE EXPERIMENTTHE EXPERIMENT

CPT 89- 11/2/2003

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

7:31

7:34

7:38

7:41

7:44

7:48

7:51

7:54

7:58

8:01

8:04

8:08

8:11

8:14

8:18

8:21

8:24

8:28

8:31

8:34

8:38

8:41

8:44

8:48

8:51

8:54

8:58

9:01

Período (horas)

Tem

po d

e ve

rde

(s)

February, 11, 2003 – no actionFebruary, 11, 2003 – no action

0

50

100

150

200

250

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00 0:0

0

CT5 5Minutes Z:311/02/03

Período (horas)

Nº ve

ículo/

5 mm

Período em análise

February, 12, 2003 – mild actionFebruary, 12, 2003 – mild action

MOUC089 Cycle Z:3 12/02/03

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

7:31

7:42

7:50

7:53

8:00

8:03

8:07

8:10

8:13

8:17

8:20

8:23

8:27

8:30

8:33

8:37

8:40

8:44

8:47

8:50

8:54

8:57

9:00

Período (horas)

Te

mp

o d

e v

erd

e (

s)

200

100 Vei

c./5

mm

0

50

100

150

200

250

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

0

11:0

0

12:0

0

13:0

0

14:0

0

15:0

0

16:0

0

17:0

0

18:0

0

19:0

0

20:0

0

21:0

0

22:0

0

23:0

0

0:00

CT5 5Minutes Z:3 12/02/03

Período em análise

Período (horas)

Nº

de v

eícu

los/

5 m

m

5,5 %

12/02/03

Forced

February, 13, 2003 – stronger actionFebruary, 13, 2003 – stronger action

CPT 89 - 13.2.2003

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

7:29

7:37

7:41

7:44

7:48

7:51

7:54

7:58

8:01

8:04

8:08

8:11

8:15

8:18

8:21

8:25

8:28

8:32

8:35

8:38

8:42

8:45

8:48

8:52

8:55

8:58

Período (horas)

Tem

po d

e ve

rde

(s)

0

50

100

150

200

250

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:0

0

11:0

0

12:0

0

13:0

0

14:0

0

15:0

0

16:0

0

17:0

0

18:0

0

19:0

0

20:0

0

21:0

0

22:0

0

23:0

0

0:00

CT5 5Minutes Z:3 13/02/03

Período em análise

Período (horas)

Nº d

e ve

ícul

os/5

mm

18,3 %

200

100 Vei

c./5

mm

13/02/03

Forced

Campo Grande – Cais do SodréCampo Grande – Cais do Sodré

10,00

20,00

30,00

5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12

Período (horas)

Velo

cid

ade

mé

dia

[K

m/h

]CS_11_02

CS_12_02

CS_13_02

Vmin 15Km/h

Vmin 36 %Vmin 13 %

Round tripRound trip

10,00

20,00

30,00

5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12

Período (horas)

Velo

cida

de

mé

dia

[K

m/h

]Total_11_02

Total_12_02

Total_13_02

Vmin=15km/h; delay=1,86 min/kmVmin 17km/h (13%) ; delay reduction of 20%Vmin 19km/h (36%) ; delay reduction of 45,7 %

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

Closed Loop ControlClosed Loop Control

Individual Transport

Public Transport

ProcessController

DesiredSpeed

MeasuredSpeed

COMMAND SIGNAL

The done listThe done list

• Correlated individual transport flow with public transport speed;

• Contributed to understand the acceptable volume of individual transport;

• Demonstrated the validity of the study by conducting a real live experiment;

To do listTo do list

• All the gates and all the bus lines;

• Ways to regulate traffic:– Trough tolls

– Through explicit regulation of traffic lights

– Other

• In any case, always a political decision;

• Incidentally:– While this study was under way, Mayor decided to build a radial

tunnel on the gate under study, thus increasing the ability of individual traffic to reach the heart of the city!!!

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (ISR/IST pluriannual funding) through the POS_Conhecimento Program that includes FEDER funds.