Administrative Services II Mr. Fisher Seaford High School

Administrative Services II

Mr. FisherSeaford High School

Your Name Password:

Your Address

Your Parent’s Name Their Work Phone #

Your Phone #

Skip a line

Things you like to do…

Skip a line

Your GOAL this year…

Your GOAL after graduation…

Skip a line OR on the back

In your life, what is special…

WHAT A STUDENT SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MR FISHER:

• WHAT FISHER THINKS ABOUT… DO RIGHT & INFO SHEET

• CLASS CONDUCT RULES / PROCEDURES CONTRACT… SIGNED

• ASSESSMENT / RUBRIC OUTLINE

WHAT A STUDENT SHOULD KNOW ABOUT INSTRUCTION:

• WARM-UPS / NOTES… ie: VOCABULARY

• DAILY ACTIVITIES… HARD COPIES* / SAVE / FLASH DRIVE

• TEST & PROJECTS

• ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO… P-DRIVE / FLASH DRIVE* NOTE: HARD COPIES WILL BE RETURNED IF THEY DO NOT MEET THE RUBRIC FOR MASTERY

PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT & GENERAL RUBRIC MR. FISHER’S BUSINESS EDUCATION CLASS

SCORING 5 ( 100% ) 4 ( 90% ) 3 ( 80% ) 2 ( 70% ) 1 ( 60% ) 0

OV

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Each item is well organized. All work is complete and correct based on task directions. The item shows expert knowledge of the required skills.

Each item is organized. All work is complete with a few minor errors based on task directions. The item shows knowledge of the required skills.

Most items are organized. Most work is complete with several minor errors based on task directions. The item shows knowledge of required skills.

Some items are organized. Work is incomplete with several errors based on task directions. Limited evidence of required skills.

Most items are disjointed. Work is incomplete with many errors based on task directions. Little evidence of required skills.

Task not completed or turned in as required. No evidence of required skills.

TEX

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INFO

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The text is well written with proper grammar. All information is accurate and completely documented.

The text is adequately written with proper grammar. The information is mostly accurate and documented.

Most text is adequately written with minor grammatical errors. Some information is accurate and some documented.

Text is limited with major grammatical errors. Information is missing and not documented.

Text is not accurate with many errors in grammar. Most Information is missing and not documented.


GR

APH

ICS

Graphics used enhance and support text & information. Style varies and placement is appealing and attractive.

Most graphics used enhance and support text & information. Most style and placement is appealing.

Most graphics are appropriate and most support text & information. Limited in style or placement.

Some graphics are appropriate with minor support of text & information. Minor or no style and placement.

Some graphics have relevance with minor or no support of text & information. Not enough are used to complete the task.


THINGS TO DO:THINGS TO DO:NOW!

• PORTABLE STORAGE:– AKA: Flash Drives, Jump Drives, etc– Insert Drive Device in USB Port– Start your computer, Log-in– Click Start, select & click Computer– From Computer, Double-Right click

the Drive icon– From the menu, Right click and

select Open Files– Click File(s) of choice– When finished, SAVE & close File(s) – It is recommended that you save

your files in the Compatible Mode, 97-2003 format

– It is also recommended to SAVE ALL class work in your P-Drive in your class file in order to be assigned a rubric grade and for your portfolio as evidence of best work.

• CREATE A FOLDER:– Click Start, select and click My

Computer– From My computer, Select your P-

Drive/Pipeline, Right click and select Open

– Click on File… from the dropdown menu, select New…then click FOLDER

– A folder should appear in the documents file called “New…”

– Right click the icon…– From the dropdown menu, select

Rename…then click– Name the folder: Fisher – Use this to save ALL files:

assignments, notes, test, projects, and any research information/data.

Standard Essential Question Enduring Understanding

#1 & #2 How does organization structure affect the success of a business?

Successful businesses will manage computer systems & software required to operate efficiently & effectively

Skill Review

• Open a Word Document.

• Place your Name in a Header-left side.

• Place a Page # in a Footer-right side.

• Place your fingers on the Home Row keys and key in 1 row for a warm-up.




Microsoft Office 2007 & the Internet

Opening, Saving, and Closing Office Documents

Office HelpQuitting an Office ApplicationAccessing the InternetKeyboard techniques by touch

Keyboard Techniques by Touch

• REVIEW YOUR KEYBOARDING SKILLS:

1. OPEN A WORD DOCUMENT2. USE THE DRILLS WORKSHEETS – A to Z,

1 LINE ONLY FOR EACH LETTER.3. COMPLETE & PRINT THE ALPHABETIC

SENTENCES AND SPEED SENTENCES… USE HEADER FOR YOUR NAME

4. PRINT FOR A GRADE & SAVE AS DRILLS.

Using the Internet

Evaluating Information

Research: Evaluating Web Sites

• Explain at least 4 methods to evaluate a web site.

• Why are bookmarks useful?

• Give 3 examples of useful research categories or information found on the Internet.


#1 & #2 Why work? Communication influences others.

How to evaluate:1. Purpose: Know the intention of the web site. Is it an informational, news,

business, advocacy, or personal web site?

2. URL: Know the URL or web address origin. URLs with .edu domain name indicate the site is connected to an educational institution, .gov is connected to a government agency, .com is associated with a commercial or business host, and .org is a nonprofit organization.

3. Authority: Know the person or group responsible for the site. Who developed or sponsored the site, wrote the material, and what are their qualifications and goals.

4. Accuracy: Know the information is reliable and sources can be verified.

5. Objectivity: Know if the site mixes fact with opinion, if the material is bias, and if advertisement is clear and different from the site features.

6. Timely: Know when the site was updated, and if this is done on a regular basis.

7. Content: Know what topics are covered, and the depth of coverage. Is the topic presented with all sides of an issue, and can it be compared to other sources?

• (Note: Developed from “Guidelines for the Classroom”, Glencoe iCheck Series, 2007)

Bookmarks – Your Favorites

• A bookmark sends the browser automatically to a page that you specify. Using the Favorites menu allows you to bookmark Web pages for use in the future without wasting time repeating a search.

Research Categories1. Reference Sources: encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases,

reference books, journals, and newspaper articles.

2. Statistics: government web sites are a source for all types of data.

3. Topical Information: web sites organized around a particular topic or issue.

4. Organizations: organization’s web sites contain a variety of information.

5. News: Traditional media sources sponsor sites that provide news updates, in-depth coverage, and analysis.

• (Note: Developed from “Guidelines for the Classroom”, Glencoe iCheck Series, 2007)

Internet Help – Evaluate Web sites• Cornell University Olin & Uris Libraries: Five Criteria for Evaluating Web Pages –

Succinct guidelines for assessing a Web sitehttp://www.library.cornell.edu/olinuris/ref/webcrit.html

• Discovery School 's Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators – includes survey to help in the evaluation of Web siteshttp://school.discoveryeducation.com/schrockguide/evalhigh.html

• Evaluating a Website at 2Learn.ca – contains information regarding Web site evaluation and examples of how to cite Web siteshttp://www.2learn.ca/evaluating/evaluating.html

• New Mexico State University Library: The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly – article explaining evaluation criteria and showing examples of good and bad Web siteshttp://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/eval.html

• OSLIS Oregon School Library Information System – offers research tips and information on citing sources for secondary studentshttp://www.oslis.org/secondary/

• University of Southern Maine Libraries – one-page checklist for evaluating Web site contenthttp://library.usm.maine.edu/research/researchguides/webevaluating.html

http://www.library.cornell.edu/olinuris/ref/webcrit.html

http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schrockguide/evalhigh.html

http://www.2learn.ca/evaluating/evaluating.html

http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/eval.html

http://www.oslis.org/secondary/

http://library.usm.maine.edu/research/researchguides/webevaluating.html

THINGS TO DO:THINGS TO DO:

Compile: • With a classmate, create a list of ten actual Web sites that

would be useful for school research. All the Web sites should contain information on a variety of topics, and all of the sites should contain reliable and accurate information.

Describe: • Write a paragraph about a school project that could be

made easier with Internet research. Describe the steps you would take to perform your research and give examples of the kinds of results you would expect to find.

NOW!Standard Essential Question Enduring Understanding

#1 How does organization structure affect the success of a business?

Successful businesses manage computer systems & software required to operate efficiently & effectively

Office Environment

• Describe the relationship of the office to the overall organization

• Define the following terms:

• Make a list of 5 key office activities


Apply management theories & functions to achieve organizational goals

How does organization structure affect the success of a business?


Office Information VendorIntranet Internet Telecommute

Office Environment• The relationship of the office to the overall

organization is based on the nature & structure of the business, the utilization of technology, the # of employees, and the type of activities that support the business

• Define the following: http://theoffice.swlearning.com/

– Office: a place where the affairs of business, professional person, or organization are carried out

– Information: data or facts summarized or organized into a meaningful format

Office Environment - continued• Define the following: http://theoffice.swlearning.com/

– Vendor: a seller of goods & services– Internet: A public, worldwide computer network

made up of smaller, interconnected networks that spans the globe

– Intranet: A communications network within an organization that is meant for the use of its employees or members

– Telecommute: The practice of working and communicating with others from a remote location

Office Environment - continued• 5 Key Office Activities: (handout)

– Creating/Analyzing Information– Searching for Information– Processing Information– Communicating Information– Managing Information


• List the 5 information-related office task and provide 2 examples for each (make a table).

• What kinds of employees need office competencies? Provide a minimum of 3 examples.

• From the Key Office Activities handout, develop a list of jobs for each activity’s category… try the Occupational Outlook Handbook site at http://www.bls.gov/OCO/




Office Environment

• Define the following terms:

• List a positive and negative aspect regarding Alternative Offices.





Virtual Office Mobile Office FreelancerHoteling Non-territorial Workspace

Office Environment• Define the following: http://theoffice.swlearning.com/

– Virtual office: The capability to perform work activities away from a traditional office setting

– Mobile office: An office temporarily located at a particular site or that can move from place to place

– Freelancer: An independent contractor who works for others, usually on a project-by-project basis

– Hoteling: Assigning temporary office workspace to workers as needed

– Nonterritorial workspace: An area not assigned to a specific person or task

• Answers will vary based on traditional offices verse the concepts above… ie: central location vs random location


• List 3 to 5 major employers in the area– Example: Lowes, Roadhouse, Sears… etc

• Visit the company, talk to an employee, or access their web site… find out the following:– What is the primary product(s), service(s) of the company?– What percent of employees work in the office?– What technologies are being used

• Telecommunications• Record management

– How many workers use various technologies

• Make a presentation with charts of your finds



Successful businesses will manage computer systems & software required to operate efficiently

& effectively

Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation

CompensationComponent

All workers Manager/Professional Sales/Office workers

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total Compensation $29.31 100.0 $48.87 100.0 $21.93 100.0Wage / Salary $20.42 69.7 $34.19 70.0 $15.52 70.8Benefits $8.89 30.3 $14.68 30.0 $6.41 29.2

Source: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ecec.t01.htm

Office Environment

• Describe structures of business

• Describe non-business type of organizations

• Describe typical goals of business & organizations

• Describe organizational structures





Office Environment• There are three basic business structures:

–Sole Proprietorship: A business owned by 1 individual–Partnerships: A business that is not incorporated and

has two or more owners –Corporations: A business organized under the laws of a

particular state for which a charter was secured

• There are 2 basic non-business types of organizations:–Non-Profit Entities: Receive funds from various

sources: donations, memberships, government, etc–Governmental Units: Local, State, National agencies

Office Environment - continued• Typical goals of business & organizations:

–Overall: make a profit - Monetary gain; advantage–Non-Profit goals focus on type of services provided–Governmental Units provide services desired & needed

• Generally organizations are structured as a hierarchy… shown as an organizational chart:

Board of Directors

CEO / President

Senior ManagementSenior Management

Middle ManagementMiddle Management

EmployeesEmployees


• Compare & contrast the overall goal of businesses with non-profit entities & government units (make a table to show similarities/differences).

• From the sales figures provided (handout) create a spreadsheet & charts to analyze sales… calculate total sales, US sales, International sales, % increase over 2003 for US & International sales… predict 2010 sales.

• From the organizational information provided (handout), create an organizational chart.

• From the financial information provided (handout), create an income statement.




Office Environment

• Identify the types of office competencies workers need

• Explain employer expectations & factors related to developing office competencies





Office Environment - continued• Types of office competencies workers need are:

– Understanding basic software applications– Knowledge of filing, collating & collecting data– Presenting research & recommending decisions based on the

information studied– Editing, proofreading & formatting documents– Oral & written communication within & outside the

organization, including the use of technology– Managing data, files, financial records & daily activities

• Expectations to develop office competencies:– Expected to complete training, adhere to policies/procedures– Factors such as attitude, team work, willingness to improve

skills, being productive, act responsibly and demonstrate respect


• Go online and find a minimum of 3 types of training programs offered… – use key words such as office training, customer

service, human relations, and technology training– Make a table that list key facts: description of

training, cost, availability, guarantee, and rank

• Go to OOH (occupational outlook handbook) and list 5 jobs that require office competencies… describe their requirements.




Office Environment

• Describe the relationship of the office to the overall organization

• Describe typical goals & structures of business• Identify the types of office competencies

workers need• Explain employer expectations & factors

related to developing office competencies










Business Structures

• What are the Types of Ownership?

• What are the factors that make each type different?

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type?




Business Structures

• Types of Ownership:– Sole proprietorship– Partnership– Corporations

• The Different Factors:– Tax treatment– Liability– Administrative Cost

SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS

PARTNERSHIPS

Limited Partnership and Partnership with limited liability

General Partnership

Joint Venture

CORPORATIONS

Subchapter S Corporations

Limited Liability Company

General C Corporations

The key factors that differentiate structures are summarized in the chart below

THINGS TO DO:THINGS TO DO:COMPUTER LAB

• Business Structures– Go online to find 4 factors for each of the

types of organizations.– Make a chart or list for each type.– List the site(s) you used for the

information.– Save as Business Types… Print for a grade

NOW!


• Business Structures– Go online to find an article for each of the types

of organizations.– Create a chart to compare and contrast the 4

factors you selected for each business structure.– List the site(s) you used for the information.– Save as Business Chart… Print for a grade

NOW!


• Business Structures– Go online to find an article for each of the types

of organizations.– Summarize (3 paragarphs) the major points…

compare and contrast.– List the site(s) you used for the information.– Save as Business Summary… Print for a grade

NOW!

Business Structures

• What are the organizational structures of business?

• What is an organizational hierarchy?

• Why are organizational structures important?




Business Structures• The organizational structures of business determines

the flow of activity, the delineation of responsibility and levels of authority.

• An organizational hierarchy is the layer of management from the front line to the top of the organization.

• Organizational structures are important as follows: determines who is “boss”; who does what jobs; who handles what problems, determines a line of authority & responsibility.

Business Structures

• Structures & Designs: organizational type based on model categories:– A pyramid hierarchy departmentalizes the flow of

business activity– An enneagon or nonagon is a nine-sided polygon

representing the flow of business activity in an open structure

– A rectangular design represents an inter-related flow of business.

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• Business Structures– Go online to find articles/examples for organizational

structure designs or theories.– Create a PowerPoint that presents various organizational

structure designs or theories.•Try: http://www.prenhall.com/scarbzim/html/audits/audit3.html OR•Key in “organizational structure examples” & select a site.

– Provide an explanation for each... Minimum 2 and CITE the SITE

– Save as Business Designs… Print for a grade

NOW!

http://www.prenhall.com/scarbzim/html/audits/audit3.html





• From the following 3 Organization Theories: Contingency Theory, Organizational Design, and Bureaucracy…– Create a chart to compare and contrast the summaries– Highlight or summarize the points of interest for each– Make a list and define the vocabulary associated with

each. (Note the terms in BOLD print.)• Select the theory or theories that you find most

interesting and develop a presentation (3-5 slides).• Turn in the following: Chart, Highlight/Summary,

Vocabulary list, and PPt. Presentation.

Organization Theories• From the following 3 Organization Theories:

Contingency Theory, Organizational Design, and Bureaucracy…– Create a chart to compare and contrast the summaries– Highlight or summarize the points of interest for each– Make a list and define the vocabulary associated with

each. (Note the terms in BOLD print.)

• Select the theory or theories that you find most interesting and develop a presentation (3-5 slides).

• Turn in the following: Chart, Highlight/Summary, Vocabulary list, and PPt. Presentation.

Create a chart to compare and contrast the summaries

Theory Compare/same Contrast/different

Contingency Definitive feedback: Sales had shortest time spans, research had longest time span

Groups that are organized to perform simpler, more certain tasks (production) usually have more formal structure than groups focusing on more uncertain tasks (R&D).

Design The greater the uncertainty of the task, the greater the amount of information that must be processed

Design strategies can reduce the amount of information processed, or increase the ability to handle more information…which limits exceptions that must flow up the hierarchy

Bureaucracy Fixed jurisdictional areas, ordered by rules and regulations

Bureaucracies seem to try to keep the superiority of the professionally informed by keeping their knowledge secret.

Highlight the points of interestTheory Points of Interest

Contingency Organizations must balance differentiation and integration to be successful. Those companies who manage to achieve high sub-unit differentiation and yet still maintain high integration between sub-units seem to be best equipped to adapt to environmental changes.

Design Galbraith states that "the critical limiting factor of an organizational form is the ability to handle the non-routine events that cannot be anticipated or planned for". When the "exceptions" become too prevalent, they overwhelm the hierarchy's ability to process them. Variations in organization design arise from different strategies to increase planning ability and to reduce the number of exceptional events that management must resolve.

Bureaucracy The bureaucratic organization is technically superior to all other forms of organization. It is like a machine compared to non-mechanical modes of production. The bureaucracies of modern capitalist firms are the best models of bureaucracies… the bureaucratic organization is technically the most highly developed means of power in the hands of the person who controls it.

Vocabulary- Contingency• They define differentiation as "the state of segmentation of the organizational

systems into subsystems, each of which tends to develop particular attributes in relation to the requirements posed by it relevant external environment."

• They define integration as "the process of achieving unity of effort among the various subsystems in the accomplishment of the organization's task.“

• Structure. Production tended to have the highest amount of structure. Fundamental research had least structure. There was alot of variability between subsystems.

• Interpersonal Orientation. Data suggested that sales groups were more socially oriented, and production groups more task oriented.

• Time Orientation. It was clear that time orientation was related to time for definitive feedback. Sales had shortest time spans, research had longest time span.

• Goal Orientation. As expected, sales people were more concerned with market sub-environment, product with technical-economic. The research people were both in technical-economic and scientific sub-environments.

Vocabulary - Design• Creation of Slack Resources. These include extending delivery times, adding more

money to the budget, and building inventory (all which have inherent costs). If a firm fails to actively create a higher level strategy to address uncertainty, this strategy will occur by default.

• Creation of Self-Contained Tasks. One strategy at this level is changing from functional to product groups.

• Investment in Vertical Integration Systems. Condensing the flow of information by building specialized languages and computer systems can help analysis and decision making.

• Creation of Lateral Relationships. Moving the decision making power down in the firm to where the information exists can reduce uncertainty at the decision level. There are various strategies of increasing complexity to achieve this.

– Direct Contact between managers who can jointly solve the problem (production manager with design engineer, for example).

– Liaison Rules -- Special people who bridge two sub-systems and reduce need for hierarchical decision making.– Task Forces -- Multi-department groups set up to solve a particular problem.– Teams -- Formal groups designed to perform a task. The choice of leadership is critical.– Integrating Roles -- Product managers, program managers, etc., who ideally have some power across

departments to affect decision making. They collect information and equalize power differences, which improves joint-decision making processes (known as expert power). The manager must be able to persuade and influence rather than pull rank.

– Managerial Linking Roles -- This is a stronger form of 4.5 where the manager has more formal authority over budgets or planning. However people don't report directly to the Linking Manager. Still, his power is such that he can exercise influence despite no reporting relationship.

– Matrix Organization -- A dual-authority relationship

Vocabulary- Bureaucracy• Technical advantages to the Bureaucratic Organization• The bureaucratic organization is technically superior to all other forms of

organization. It is like a machine compared to non-mechanical modes of production. The bureaucracies of modern capitalist firms are the best models of bureaucracies.

• Leveling of Social Differences• "Bureaucratic organization has usually come into power on the basis of a

leveling of economic and social differences", especially with democracy. • Permanent Character of the Bureaucratic Machine• "Once it is fully established, bureaucracy is among those social structures

which are the hardest to destroy. " More and more the material fate of the masses depends upon the steady and correct functioning of the increasingly bureaucratic organizations of private companies".

• Economic and Social Consequences of Bureaucracy• "...the bureaucratic organization is technically the most highly developed

means of power in the hands of the man who controls it..."• Bureaucracies seem to try to keep the superiority of professionally informed

by keeping their knowledge secret. "The concept of the "official secret" is the specific invention of bureaucracy"

• Finally, Weber said that "bureaucracy has a "rational" character: rules, means, ends, and matter-of-factness dominate its bearing".

FISHER’S INTEGRATED THEORY

CONTINGENCY THEORY

BUREAUCRACY THEORYORGANIZATION DESIGN

THEORY

DifferentiationIntegration

Hierarchy-Information

Process

DevelopedMeans

of Power

Information

Summary: The Integration Theory takes the main aspects of all 3 theories and creates a relationship that centers on structure and information along with the flow of activity between each which results in productivity and performance within a given environment.

Structure

Office Environment

• What are the key characteristics associated with the types of business entities

• Small business is generally organized by individual ownership and big business by corporation structures… identify 2 elements that make them different.





Office Environment• Key characteristics are:

• 2 elements that make sole proprietorships and corporations different are: – State filing for a charter/license– Individual owner 100% Liability verse Corporate

100% “Entity” Liability– Also, any details associated with key characteristics

Formation Operational Requirements

Pass Through Income/Loss

Raising Capital

Duration of Existence

Management Double Taxation

Transferability of Interest

Liability Taxation Cost of Creation

Business Entity Types Compared In Key Characteristics

CharacteristicsSole Proprietorship CCorporation SCorporation Limited Liability Company

Formation No state filing required. State filing required. State filing required. State filing required.

Duration of Existence Dissolved if entity ceases doing business or upon death of the sole

proprietor.

Perpetual Perpetual Dependent on the requirements imposed by the state of formation.

Liability Sole proprietor has unlimited liability.

Shareholders are typically not responsible for the debts of the

corporation.

Shareholders are typically not personally liable for the debts of

the corporation.

Members are not typically liable for the debts of the LLC.

Operational Requirements Relatively few legal requirements. Board of directors, annual meetings and annual reporting

required.

Board of directors, annual meetings and annual reporting

required.

Some formal requirements but less formal than corporations.

Management Sole proprietor has full control of management and operations.

Managed by the directors, who are elected by the shareholders.

Managed by the directors, who are elected by the shareholders.

Members have an operating agreement that outlines

management.

Taxation Not a taxable entity. Sole proprietor pays all taxes.

Taxed at the entity level. If dividends are distributed to

shareholders, dividends are also taxed at the individual level.

No tax at the entity level. Income/loss is passed through to

the shareholders.

If properly structured there is no tax at the entity level. Income/loss is passed through to members.

Pass Through Income/Loss Yes No Yes Yes

Double Taxation No Yes, if income is distributed to shareholders in the form of

dividends.

No No

Cost of Creation None State filing fee required. State filing fee required. State filing fee required.

Raising Capital Often difficult unless individual contributes funds.

Shares of stock are sold to raise capital.

Shares of stock are sold to raise capital.

Possible to sell interests, though subject to operating agreement

restrictions.

Transferability of Interest No Shares of stock are easily transferred.

Yes, but must observe IRS regulations on who can own

stock.

Possibly, depending on restrictions outlined in the

operating agreement.

http://www.bizfilings.com/products/ccorp.asp

http://www.bizfilings.com/products/scorp.asp

http://www.bizfilings.com/products/llc.asp


• From the information provided create a table that list the comparison between sole proprietorships and corporations. (Word)

• Go online to the Census Bureau or BizStats and find the statistics that shows the number of businesses in each category and financial data associated with proprietorships and corporations.

• Answer the question: How important is small business?

• Site the cite and submit for a grade.





How important is small business?

• Use the following information to draw your conclusion… you may strengthen your argument with additional resources.

• Sites for information…– http://www.goodlittlebiz.com/node/167– http://www.nchcchamber.com/index.php/busines

s-mainmenu-29/businesstips-mainmenu-44/170-how-important-are-small-businesses

http://www.goodlittlebiz.com/node/167

http://www.nchcchamber.com/index.php/business-mainmenu-29/businesstips-mainmenu-44/170-how-important-are-small-businesses



Sites to Cite

• U.S. Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/csd/mwb/Appendix.htm

• Free Industry Statistics and Financial Ratios http://www.bizstats.com/

• Compiled statistics on America's small businesses http://www.score.org/small_biz_stats.html

http://www.census.gov/csd/mwb/Appendix.htm

http://www.census.gov/csd/mwb/Appendix.htm

http://www.bizstats.com/

http://www.score.org/small_biz_stats.html

Here is a breakdown of revenues by type of ownership in 2000.

Type of Entity Total # Total Revenue (in $1,000)

Sole Proprietorships 17,904,731 $1,020,957,284

Corporations 5,045,274 $17,636,561,349

Partnerships 1,338,796 $1,829,568,091

LLC (Limited Liability Companies) 718,704 $344,751,557

Totals 25,007,505 $20,831,838,281

Source: BizStats.com http://www.bizstats.com/businesses.htm

http://www.bizstats.com/businesses.htm


• THE THEORY OF THE LEISURE CLASS:– READ the article… yes, READ. – Poor vs. Rich: closing the leisure gap?– Write a BUSINESS REPORT MEMO (minimum 3

paragraphs) & use the major points1. Introduction: What is the main idea of the article?2. Body of Info: What key points support the article?3. Conclusion: What do you recommend?

– Save as Leisure… Print for a grade

NOW!

Office Environment

• Define the following terms used in daily business activities:





Assets Balance Sheet

Charter Entity

Expense Income Statement

Liabilities Owner’s Equity

Profit Revenue Vendor

Office Environment• Assets - Goods and property owned • Balance Sheet - A report that presents the financial condition of a

company as of a specific date• Charter - A written grant of rights from a government, as to form a

corporation • Entity - a business or governmental unit that has an identity separate

from those of its members• Expense - Financial cost; fee; charge • Income Statement - A report that details the results of business

operations for a certain period of time • Liabilities - debts • Owner’s Equity - The owner’s share of the worth of a firm; capital • Profit - Monetary gain; advantage • Revenue - Income, money, or other gain received • Vendor - A seller of goods or services


• Using Financial Ratios: http://www.bizstats.com/financial-ratios.asp

• Select S corporations… find an industry, click… then click retail.• From the list, select any 1, click. (Furniture-Home furnishing

stores)• Copy and paste the annual ratios. (sample)• From the Financial Ratio Glossary select the matching ratio and

provide the definition/explanation for each category. (sample)• Turn in for a grade… Save as Ratio





http://www.bizstats.com/financial-ratios.asp

BizStat SampleFurniture-Home furnishing storesS-Corp Annual Financial Ratios 2006

Return on Sales (%) 4.60

Return on Assets (%) 13.94

Return on Net Worth (%) 53.68

Quick Ratio 0.55

Current Ratio 1.55

Inventory Turnover (x) 7.75

Assets: Sales (%) 0.33

Tot Liabilities: Net Worth (x) 3.85

Return on Sales (%): Net After Tax Profit divided by Annual Net Sales, indicating the level of profit from each dollar of sales. This ratio can be used as a predictor of the company's ability to withstand changes in prices or market conditions. May appear higher for startups and sole proprietorships due to owner compensation draws accounted as net profit.


• Try these numbers…Go to Bizstat.com & select s-corporation– Sales $330,000– Assets $65,000– Inventory $147,000– Liabilities $45,000

• Select at least 2 financial statements… complete the ratio numbers… Print





Office Environment

• Identify 5 reports used in business.

• What is an Analytical Report?

• How do analytical reports vary from other types?





Office Environment• 5 reports used in business: memo, budget,

expense, time sheet, sales, inventory, shipping and receiving, phone log, (informational) etc.

• An Analytical Report is a complex, formal business report, involving research & information gathering and requires analysis of a topic that draws a conclusion or makes recommendations.

• Analytical reports vary by the depth used to present information requiring action verse an informational report that provides data within a normal business environment.


• Complete the sample informational reports: Go on line to find the data needed to create your report… use key search words/phrases– Memo report (occupational employment statistics)– Sales report (retail sales statistics)– Select a topic of personal interest

• Use proper formats…






• Complete the sample analytic reports: Go on line to find the data needed to create your report… use key search words/phrases– Memo report (occupational employment statistics)– Sales report (retail sales statistics)– Select a topic of personal interest







• You are the Sales Manager… reports are predicting “slow” sales… what do you recommend… what action do you take… what needs to be done?

• Complete an analytical report: From the data provided create your report… “Increase Sales for the Holidays”… Memo report format

• Draw a conclusion or make a recommendation regarding the data presented

• Rubric Grade: 75% Content, 25% Format






• Complete the Analysis Vocabulary Handout: You may go online to find the definitions or use the handout– Use the vocabulary for analysis assignments– Save for vocabulary test

• Print as evidence of completion…










• Using the Memo Report handout apply the vocabulary to find examples for the following:

• List the phrases or sentences that relates to each of the terms above.

• Save as analysis… print for a grade

Activities Assessment Baseline Beneficiaries Effects

Evaluation Impact Inputs Indicators Monitoring

Overall Objectives

Immediate Objectives

Outputs Quantitative Two-Way Communication


• Complete an analytical report: Go on line to find the data needed to create your report… use key search words/phrases– Memo report (occupational employment statistics)– Sales report (retail sales statistics)– Select a topic of personal interest

• Draws a conclusion or make a recommendation regarding the data presented






Manager as Leader• What is the definition of management?

• What are the roles of managers in a business structure?

• What is the definition of leadership?

• What are the roles of leaders in a business structure?

Manager as Leader• The group of individuals who make decisions about

the systematic procedures of how a business is run.

• A manager’s role involves various degrees of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling.

• Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective

• A leader is someone who people choose to follow.A leader is someone who people choose to follow. A A leader influences others to do things that they may leader influences others to do things that they may not otherwise do. not otherwise do. Leaders are.. Listeners, Encouragers, Assertive, Decisive.

PLANNING

Setting objectives and making long and short-term

plans for meeting the objectives

ORGANIZING

Obtaining and coordinating

resources so that a business’s

objectives can be met

LEADING

Influencing, guiding, and directing people

under one’s management to carry out their assigned tasks

CONTROLLING

Setting standards for work, evaluating performance, and solving problems

that prevent certain tasks’ completion


• Manage / Leader– Go online to find articles/examples that support

the functions of management.– Explain the function of management exemplified

in the article– Copy or print the article and include it with your

explanation.– Save as MGT Functions…

NOW!

Manager as Leader• What are the differences between manager’s

and leader’s characteristics?

• What are the differences between managers and leaders job duties and behaviors?

• What are some examples regarding the shift from management to leadership?

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MANAGERS AND LEADERS

• MANAGERS1. Administer2. Are A Copy3. Maintain4. Systems / Structure Focus5. Control6. Short Term7. How/When8. Bottom Line9. Imitate 10. Accept11. Good Soldier12. Do Things Right

• LEADERS 1. Innovate2. Are An Original3. Develop4. People Focus5. Trust6. Long-Range7. What/Why8. Horizon9. Originate10. Challenge11. Own Person12. Do The Right Thing

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MANAGERS & LEADERS: JOB

DUTIES / BEHAVIORS • MANAGERS1. Planning and budgeting 2. Organizing and staffing 3. Follows orders 4. Controlling and solves problems5. Maintains control and order6. Protects status quo7. Writes memorandums 8. Follows rules and regulations 9. Technical orientation

• LEADERS 1. Provides guidance and counsel2. People follow their example3. Provide direction even when it is

unpopular4. Motivates and inspires5. Creates change6. Builds relationships and trust7. Trains and teaches 8. Questions rules and regulations9. Strategic orientation


• Managers / Leaders– READ the following statement… Using at least 3 outside sources

agree or disagree with the statement by J. Sculley• "Leadership is often confused with other things, specifically

management. As I see it, leadership revolves around vision, ideas, direction, and has more to do with inspiring people as to direction and goals than with day-to-day implementation. One can't lead unless one can leverage more than his own capabilities . . . You have to be capable of inspiring other people to do things without actually sitting on top of them with a checklist - that's management, not leadership.“

– Draft an essay or develop a presentation for your argument.– Use your notes for key words… list your sites.– Save as Managers verse Leaders… Print for a grade

NOW!

Manager as Leader• What are management theories?

• What is the historical development of management theories?

• Who are the leaders in management theories?

Manager as Leader• Management theories:

The act, manner, or practice of managing; handling, supervision, or control, which has a set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena.

Manager as Leader• The historical development and the leaders of management

theories:– 1900s: Scientific management-Time and motion: Frederick W Taylor– 1920s: Bureaucracy-Rule sets: Max Weber, – 1920s: Universalism-Process approach: Henri Fayol, – 1930s: Human relations-Hawthorne experiments: Elton Mayo, 1930s & 40s– 1950s: Motivation-Hierarchy of needs: A H Maslow, 1950s and 60s– 1960s: Complex man-Complex man: EH Schein – 1960s: Theory X and Theory Y-Polarized managers' attitudes: Douglas McGregor– 1960s, Management by objectives-Management fundamentals: Peter

Drucker, and 1970s– 1980s: Populist approaches-"The One Minute Manager", Kenneth

Blanchard – 1980s, Empirical approaches-Theory Z: WS Ouchi– 1990s: Empowerment (Used widely in Business Process Reengineering projects)– 2000 ???


• Managers / Leaders– Select a management theorist & theory …– Go online and locate an article or information

that provides a bibliography about the theorist and their theory.

– Draft an essay or develop a presentation.– NOTE: this can be used as part of the project…

STEP 1.– Save as Mgt Theory… Print for a grade

NOW!


Manager/Leader Survey (Part II)• Using the data DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

MANAGERS AND LEADERS create a chart to evaluate people who you associate with during the day

• Compare the traits and determine what most frequently resembles their behavior… M or L

• Open a Word Document… create a chart





Manager as Leader• What are the three historical periods of

management theories?

• Explain Theory X, Y assumptions.

Manager as LeaderThe three historical periods of management theories: http://www.managementhelp.org/mgmnt/history.htm

• Scientific Management Theory(1890-1940)At the turn of the century, the most notable organizations were large and industrialized. Often they included ongoing, routine tasks that manufactured a variety of products. The United States highly prized scientific and technical matters, including careful measurement and specification of activities and results. Management tended to be the same. Frederick Taylor developed the :scientific management theory” which espoused this careful specification and measurement of all organizational tasks. Tasks were standardized as much as possible. Workers were rewarded and punished. This approach appeared to work well for organizations with assembly lines and other mechanistic, routinized activities.

• Bureaucratic Management Theory(1930-1950)Max Weber embellished the scientific management theory with his bureaucratic theory. Weber focused on dividing organizations into hierarchies, establishing strong lines of authority and control. He suggested organizations develop comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures for all routinized tasks.

• Human Relations Movement(1930-today)Eventually, unions and government regulations reacted to the rather dehumanizing effects of these theories. More attention was given to individuals and their unique capabilities in the organization. A major belief included that the organization would prosper if its workers prospered as well. Human Resource departments were added to organizations. The behavioral sciences played a strong role in helping to understand the needs of workers and how the needs of the organization and its workers could be better aligned. Various new theories were spawned, many based on the behavioral sciences (some had name like theory “X”, “Y” and “Z”).

Manager as Leader• Theory X Assumptions:

– People inherently dislike work– People must be coerced or controlled to do work to

achieve objectives– People prefer to be directed

• Theory Y Assumptions:– People view work as being as natural as play and rest– People will exercise self-direction and self-control

towards achieving objectives they are committed to– People learn to accept and seek responsibility


• Managers / Leaders– Open a document & label it CHALLENGES.– Brainstorm a list of 12 situations that can be

challenges for managers… categories, such as: customer problems, employee problems, equipment problems, market competition, financial problems, government regulations, etc (be specific).

– NOTE: this can be used as part of the project… STEP 3.

– Save as CHALLENGES … Print for a grade

NOW!

THINGS TO DO:THINGS TO DO:COMPUTER LAB NOW!

• In this PROJECT the student will complete the following STEPS: 1. Describe an approach/theory style to management (use

previous assignment)2. Determine the factors affecting whether you adopt a Theory

X, Y or even Z style of management3. Use your survey to distinguish between management &

leadership approaches… provide examples for each category4. Describe what factors might influence the management style

you would adopt in a given business situation… list your challenges, such as customer service, etc

5. Create a new management theory, connect to fundamental theories and supported by examples from previous assignments…

6. Save as Mgt Project… Follow the Rubric… Print for a grade

Project Rubric Criteria

ScoringScoring 55PartsParts

44PartsParts

33PartsParts

StandardStandard

1. Expert knowledge of the required information.

100 92 84

Students will apply management theories & functions to achieve organizational goals

2.Appropriate knowledge of the required information.

92 86 76

3.Limited information but organized

84 76 70

Manager as Leader

• What are the 4 developmental stages of Leadership theory?

• What are the prominent theories and models resulting from the 4 stages above?





Manager as Leader• The 4 developmental stages of Leadership theory are:

– Trait Approaches to Leadership– Behavioral Approaches to Leadership– Situational or Contingency Approaches to Leadership– Transformational Approaches to Leadership

• The prominent theories and models resulting from the 4 stages are:– Contingency theories– Instrumental theories– Inspirational theories– Informal Leadership theories– Path-Goal theories– Charismatic/Transformational Leadership theories


• Managers / Leaders– Select a Leadership theory …– Go online and locate an article or web site that

provides detailed information about one of the 6 theories.

– Draft an essay or develop a presentation that explains the theory selected.

– You will need this for a test on theories.– Save as Leader Theory… Print for a grade.

NOW!

Manager as Leader

• Explain the process of great leadership (Kouzes & Posner, 1987)





http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcon.html#five

Manager as LeaderThe process of great leadership (Kouzes & Posner, 1987)

that is common to successful leaders: • Challenge the process - First, find a process that you believe

needs to be improved the most. • Inspire a shared vision - Next, share you vision in words that

can be understood by your followers. • Enable others to act - Give them the tools and methods to solve

the problem. • Model the way - When the process gets tough, get your hands

dirty. A boss tells others what to do...a leader shows that it can be done.

• Encourage the heart - Share the glory with your followers' heart, while keeping the pains within your own.

http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcon.html#five


• Managers / Leaders– Create a Leadership theory …– From previous research, develop your personal

leadership theory that addresses the approaches to leadership development.

– Draft an essay or develop a presentation that explains your theory.

– You will need this for a test on theories.– Save as Leader Theory… Print for a grade.

NOW!


Leadership Worksheet: READ the handout• Complete each part of the worksheet…

– Define Leadership in Your Own Words– Rank 5 Leadership Skills – 3 Ways to Develop the Skills Ranked– Your Vision for Being a Leader– Steps to Research Your Vision

• Use the 3 Topics included:– Leadership Development– Leadership Styles– Leadership… introduction, skills/attributes



How does communication affect the success of individuals and businesses

Effective communication skills impact business success


REPORT TOPICS: MANAGEMENT• From the list provided (handout), select a topic:

– The Un-management Style of Gore– Leading the Pack– Digging for Knowledge– Business Cultures– Technology's Influence– Human Resource Management

• Read the topic details and create a report– Select the scenario and follow the directions/instructions for it– The report can be an essay or presentation format






SBA: Small Business Administration http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/index.html

• Getting Ready: Entrepreneurship offers many rewards, but you must be prepared and committed.

– Is Entrepreneurship For You?Would you be able to manage your own enterprise? – Do You Have What It Takes?

Learn if you'd be effective in running your own business. – Checklist For Starting A Business

Use this list to make sure you have the essentials covered. – Starting A Business FAQs

Read about the basic questions commonly asked when starting on your own. – Small Business Start-Up Guide

Help in getting your business off the ground.

• Use the 5 SBA links… create a presentation to highlight points in each link• Minimum 6 slides… Save as SBA… Print for a grade





http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/index.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/getready/SERV_SBPLANNER_ISENTFORU.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/getready/serv_sbplanner_plan_whatittake.html

http://web.sba.gov/sbtn/sbat/index.cfm?Tool=4

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/getready/serv_sbplanner_startfaq.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/getready/serv_sbplanner_stguide.html


SBA: Small Business Administration http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/index.html

• Write a Business Plan: A written guide to starting and running your business successfully is essential. This plan will encourage loans, promote growth, and provide a map for you to follow.

–Writing The Business PlanDetailed, step-by-step explanation to help write your plan.

–Essential Elements Of A Good Business Plan For Growing Companies Outlines how to write your plan.

• Use the 2 SBA links… create a business plan using the points in each link as a guide… MSWord

• Save as PLAN… Print for a grade





http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/writeabusinessplan/SERV_WRRITINGBUSPLAN.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/writeabusinessplan/SERV_ESSENTIAL.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/plan/writeabusinessplan/SERV_ESSENTIAL.html

Your Business

• What are the steps needed for decision making?

• What are common decision-making mistakes?





Decision-MakingTen Steps to Wise Decision-Making• Define, as specifically as possible, what the decision is that needs to be made. Is this really

your decision or someone else's? Do you really need to make a decision? (If you do not have at least two options, there is no decision to be made.) When does the decision need to be made? Why is this decision important to you? Who will be affected by this decision? What values does this decision involve for you?

• Write down as many alternatives as you can think of. Brainstorm as many different alternatives as you can imagine. Let your imagination run free and try not to censure anything; this is not the time to be judgmental. Just be sure to write everything down.

• Think where you could find more information about possible alternatives. If you only come up with a few alternatives, you may want to get more information. Additional information generally leads to more alternatives. Places where you can look for the information you need include friends, family, clergy, co-workers, state and federal agencies, professional organizations, online services, newspapers, magazines, books, and so on.

• Check out your alternatives. Once you have a list of alternatives, use the same sources of information to find out more about the specifics of each option. You will find that the more information you gather, the more ideas will pop into your head. Be sure to write these down and check them out too.

• Sort through all of your alternatives. Now that you have your list of alternatives, it is time to begin evaluating them to see which one works for you. First, write down the values that would come into play for each alternative. Second, look for the alternatives which would allow you to use the greatest number of your values. Third, cross the alternatives off the list which do not fit into your personal value framework.

SBA: http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/manage/makedecisions/index.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/manage/makedecisions/index.html

Decision-MakingTen Steps to Wise Decision-Making… continued• Visualize the outcomes of each alternative. For each remaining alternative on your list, picture

what the outcome of that alternative will look like. Here, too, it helps if you write out your impressions.

• Do a reality check. Which of your remaining alternatives are most likely to happen? Cross off those alternatives that most likely will not happen to you.

• Which alternative fits you? Review your remaining alternatives and decide which ones feel most comfortable to you. These are your wise decisions. If you are very happy about a decision, but are not as comfortable with its possible outcome, this is a clue that this is not a wise decision for you. On the other hand, you may dislike an alternative, but be very excited about the possible outcome. This decision would probably not be wise for you either. If you feel you can live with both the alternative as well as the possible outcome, this is the wise decision you should follow.

• Get started! Once you have made your decision, get moving on it. Worrying or second-guessing yourself will only cause grief. You have done your very best for the present; you always have the option of changing your mind in the future. Remember, no decision is set in stone.

• How is it going? Be sure to review your decision at specified points along the road. Are the outcomes what you expected? Are you happy with the outcomes? Do you want to let the decision stand or would you like to make some adjustments? If the decision did not come out the way you planned, go through the complete decision-making process again. In the process, answer the following questions: Did I not have enough information? What values actually came into play? Were they my values or someone else's? Remember, you can always change your mind!

Decision-MakingCommon Decision-Making Mistakes • Relying too much on expert information. Oftentimes, people have a tendency to place too

much emphasis on what experts say. Remember, experts are only human and have their own set of biases and prejudices just like the rest of us. By seeking information from a lot of different sources, you will get much better information than if you focused all of your energy on only one source.

• Overestimating the value of information received from others. People have a tendency to overestimate the value of certain individuals in our society and underestimate the value of others. For instance, experts, authority figures, parents, high status groups, people who seem to have it all together, and people we respect have a way of swaying our opinion based simply on the fact that we believe they know more than we do. When you find yourself doing this, ask yourself: Do they know as much about this problem as I do? Are their values the same as mine? Have they had any personal experiences with a problem like mine? In other words, keep their opinions in perspective.

• Underestimating the value of information received from others. Whether we realize it or not, we also have a tendency to discount information we receive from individuals such as children, low status groups, women (yes, believe it!), the elderly, homemakers, blue-collar workers, artists, etc. This is unfortunate since many times these groups can paint a good picture of the other side of your problem. In other words, these groups may use entirely different values and perceptions in their answers to your questions. The result is a larger perspective of what the issues really are. Just make a note that if you find yourself discounting the information you receive from anyone, make sure you ask yourself why.

Decision-MakingCommon Decision-Making Mistakes… continued • Only hearing what you want to hear or seeing what you want to see. Try this exercise.

Ask a friend to look around them and make note of everything that is green. Now, have them close their eyes. Once their eyes are closed, ask them to tell you what around them is red. Almost everyone you ask will not be able to tell you what was red because they were focusing on what was green. Our perceptions work the same way. If we have expectations or biases that we are not aware of, we tend to see what we want to see. Likewise, if someone tries to tell us something we do not want to hear, we simply do not hear them. This is a common mistake that many people make. The key is to be aware of your own prejudices and expectations while at the same time staying open to everything that comes your way.

• Not listening to your feelings or gut reactions. Have you ever made a decision only to have it be followed by a major stomach ache or headache? This is your body talking to you. Our brains are constantly taking in more information than we can consciously process. All of this extra information gets buried in our subconscious. Although we may not be able to retrieve this information, our body stores it for us until it is needed. In moments when we need to make a decision, our bodies provide clues to the answer through feelings or gut reactions. Unfortunately, our society teaches us to ignore these feelings, but by tuning into your intuition, you will find that you will make much better decisions in the long run.


SBA: Small Business Administration http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/index.html

• Manage Your Business: Successfully managing a business requires specific management skills in addition to knowledge of key business practices.

– Are You A Good Decision Maker?Learn steps to becoming an effective decision maker and avoid common mistakes.

– Making TimeWays to help you manage time more effectively and become more productive.

– Decision-Making FAQsAnswers to common questions regarding decisions

• Use the SBA links… create a plan for using leadership traits, decision-making skills, and how to manage your employees… MSWord

• Save as PLAN… Print for a grade





http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/manage/makedecisions/SERV_GOODDEC.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/manage/makedecisions/SERV_MAKETIME.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/manage/makedecisions/SERV_DECFAQS.html

Your Business

• What are the major reasons for small business failure?

• Do I have what it takes to own/manage a small business?





Your BusinessWhat are the major reasons for small business failure? • In his book Small Business Management (published by West Publishing Co.), Michael

Ames gives us the following reasons for small business failure:• Lack of experience • Insufficient capital (money) • Poor location • Poor inventory management • Over-investment in fixed assets • Poor credit arrangement management • Personal use of business funds • Unexpected growth

Gustav Berle in The Do It Yourself Business Book (published by Wiley Co.) adds two more reasons to Michael Ames' list:

• Competition • Low sales

SBA: http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/manage/makedecisions/index.html

http://www.sba.gov/smallbusinessplanner/manage/makedecisions/index.html

Your BusinessDo I have what it takes to own/manage a small business? • You will be your own most important employee, so an objective appraisal of

your strengths and weaknesses is essential. Some questions to ask yourself are:• Am I a self-starter? • How well do I get along with a variety of personalities? • How good am I at making decisions? • Do I have the physical and emotional stamina to run a business? • How well do I plan and organize? • Are my attitudes and drive strong enough to maintain motivation? • How will the business affect my family?

• Answer these for your own reference


Promoting Your Business• Create a minimum 5 slide presentation about your business…

the business plan you developed, or a fictitious one.• Follow these guidelines:

– Name of business and owner… Example: Fisher’s Sandwich Shop, Mark Fisher, Owner

– Information about the owner (make-up info)– What do you sell… goods or services– Create advertisement about the business– Concluding slide… “The End” is not a conclusion– Use backgrounds, effects, timings, etc… make it fun to watch

• Save as Promo… Print for a grade.





E-commerce – Business Potential

• What is the definition of E-commerce?

• Is there a difference between traditional business (brick & mortar) and an internet business?

• What are some emerging challenges for the E-Commerce marketplace?





E-commerce – Business Potential • E-commerce or also known as electronic commerce

consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks.

• Sufficient work must be done in market research and analysis. E-commerce is not exempt from good business planning and the fundamental laws of supply and demand. Business failure is as much a reality in e-commerce as in any other form of business.

E-commerce – Business Potential • Emerging challenges for the E-Commerce marketplace are:

(www.aaas.org/spp/yearbook/2000/ch19.pdf )– In terms of Government Policy,

• The global nature of the Internet emphasizes private sector leadership, not government control.

• Where government involvement is needed, it should be to support & enforce, not restrict.

• Other countries view the role of government differently, with different legal systems, & cultural traditions.

– Telecommunication Infrastructure the question of access to bandwidth (DSL vs. Dial-up).

– International Market Openings people who offer connections on a global basis to the Internet must be able to reach their potential customers.

– Tariffs and Customs: The World Trade Organization has a temporary moratorium on tariffs on material delivered electronically.

E-commerce – Business Potential • Continued:

– Legal Framework/Authentication and Security: assurance in the identity of the person communicating with, confidence in the security of the medium using, and integrity of the communication.

– Taxation… Are cyber merchants, who are virtually everywhere, beyond the taxing authority?

– Electronic Payment Systems: a developed credit card system in use, but many potential users do not have credit cards and credit cards are not particularly useful for micro-payments.

– Consumer Protection: what rules should operate around the world… “caveat emptor”

– Privacy: policies need to provide notice so consumers know what is going to happen with their information and provide consumer’s choices.

– Content Regulation: Social, moral & political issues reflect various groups’ standards regarding content… who decides?

– Intellectual Property: conflicts between the traditional needs of the academic and research community, and content creators who seek the greatest economic rewards for their creations so as to spur creativity.

– Jurisdiction: policies about the Internet’s technical management and trying to privatize the domain name system… who decides?


#1 & #3 Is money important? Money makes the world go around.


• Create a Presentation:– Open a PowerPoint and develop a presentation on a

topic of E-commerce… PICK ONE of the following:• Historical background • Business Concept• Challenges/Problems• Products/Services Available• Customer Classification based on Statistical Data

– Go on line… use key words related to your topic.– Use a MINIMUM of 5 Slides… include clipart, charts, and

related graphics.– Save as E-commerce… Print as a HANDOUT… turn in for a

grade.

NOW!

E-commerce – Marketplace

• Crunch some numbers… What do the statistic tell you?



E-commerce – Marketplace• Crunch some numbers… try these sites to draw a

conclusion:– http://www.plunkettresearch.com/Industr

ies/ECommerceInternet/tabid/151/Default.aspx

– http://trade.gov/investamerica/ecommerce.asp

– http://www.ecommerce-guide.com/news/trends/article.php/3524581

http://www.plunkettresearch.com/Industries/ECommerceInternet/tabid/151/Default.aspx



http://trade.gov/investamerica/ecommerce.asp

http://trade.gov/investamerica/ecommerce.asp

http://www.ecommerce-guide.com/news/trends/article.php/3524581

http://www.ecommerce-guide.com/news/trends/article.php/3524581




• E-commerce – Marketplace:– Critical Thinking… Crunch the Numbers!– Use statistics regarding e-commerce to draw an

inference. – Explain your conclusion… you can also predict the

future. • Submit a minimum of 3 paragraphs report OR• Submit a minimum of 4 slides

– Create charts/graphs to support your conclusions.

NOW!

ONLINE DATA CHARTS

1. US Consumer Spending Online (1998)

2. Hours Spent Online (1998)

3. Primary Uses on the Web (1998)

4. Geographic Location (1998)

5. Internet generated revenue (1996-2002)

6. US E-Commerce (1998-2003)

ONLINE DATA CHARTS• The Charts are outdated… find data online

that updates each chart, or extends the data shown, or as a separate chart, relates to the data shown… pick 1 of the 3 options.

• For each chart (6), predict the trend and verify your “forecast” with current data… summarize your finds… are they true or false?

• Crunch the numbers: find data that supports the internet as an avenue for business… use a spreadsheet to record the data and create a chart to describe the data… summarize your findings to support an e-commerce site.

Social Responsibility & Business Ethics

• What is the definition of Social Responsibility?

• What is the definition of Business Ethics?



Why is it important to understand ethical issues in the workplace?

Ethics impact both individual and business success.


• Social Responsibility is voluntary; it is about going above & beyond what is called for by the law. Social responsibility means eliminating corrupt, irresponsible or unethical behavior that might bring harm to the community, its people, or the environment before the behavior happens.

• Business Ethics is the evaluation of decision making by businesses according to moral concepts and judgments. Ethical questions range from practical, narrowly defined issues, (company's obligation to be honest with its customers), to broader social and philosophical questions, (a company's responsibility to preserve the environment and protect employee rights).


• Social Responsibility & Business Ethics– Go online and use key words such as Social Responsibility

& Business Ethics (www.ask.com)... Find issues related to the topic of social responsibility & business ethics.

– Create a list of 3 issues and a brief description of each.– Select 1 issue from your list and explain how you would

rectify the situation.– Draft an essay or develop a presentation that explains

the solution you propose.– Save as Ethics… Print for a grade.






• Social Responsibility & Business Ethics– USE the attached issues related to the topic of social

responsibility & business ethics.– Using the definitions, briefly describe how each issue

relates to each definition.– From the three issues, explain how you would rectify each

situation… “give your 2 cents”… your opinion counts.– Draft an essay or develop a presentation that explains the

solutions or opinions you propose for each issue.– Save as Current Events… Print for a grade.






Social Responsibility & Business Ethics… Use the web address to locate the necessary information… use a NEW Document for each topic… SAVE AS the title listed… DON’T Print.•Why Have a Code of Ethics? (http://www.ethicsweb.ca/codes/coe2.htm)•What is Business Ethics? (http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm)•10 Myths About Business Ethics (http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm)•10 Benefits of Managing Ethics in the Workplace (http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm)•One Description of a Highly Ethical Organization (http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm)•Ethics Management Programs: An Overview (http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm)•8 Guidelines for Managing Ethics in the Workplace (http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm)•6 Key Roles and Responsibilities in Ethics Management (http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm) •Ethics Codes/Values - Business for Social Responsibility (http://www.bsr.org/insight/issue-briefs.cfm)





http://www.ethicsweb.ca/codes/coe2.htm

http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm







http://www.bsr.org/insight/issue-briefs.cfm

Why Have a Code of Ethics?

• to define accepted/acceptable behaviors; • to promote high standards of practice; • to provide a benchmark for members to use

for self evaluation; • to establish a framework for professional

behavior and responsibilities; • as a vehicle for occupational identity; • as a mark of occupational maturity;"

What is Business Ethics?• The concept has come to mean various things to various people, but

generally it's coming to know what it right or wrong in the workplace and doing what's right -- this is in regard to effects of products/services and in relationships with stakeholders.

• Wallace and Pekel explain that attention to business ethics is critical during times of fundamental change -- times much like those faced now by businesses, both nonprofit or for-profit. In times of fundamental change, values that were previously taken for granted are now strongly questioned. Many of these values are no longer followed. Consequently, there is no clear moral compass to guide leaders through complex dilemmas about what is right or wrong.

• Attention to ethics in the workplace sensitizes leaders and staff to how they should act. Perhaps most important, attention to ethics in the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are struggling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass.

10 Myths About Business Ethics1. Myth: Business ethics is more a matter of religion than management. 2. Myth: Our employees are ethical so we don't need attention to business ethics. 3. Myth: Business ethics is a discipline best led by philosophers, academics and theologians. 4. Myth: Business ethics is superfluous -- it only asserts the obvious: "do good!" 5. Myth: Business ethics is a matter of the good guys preaching to the bad guys. 6. Myth: Business ethics in the new policeperson on the block. 7. Myth: Ethics can't be managed. 8. Myth: Business ethics and social responsibility are the same thing. 9. Myth: Our organization is not in trouble with the law, so we're ethical. 10. Myth: Managing ethics in the workplace has little practical relevance.

10 Benefits of Managing Ethics in the Workplace

1. Attention to business ethics has substantially improved society. 2. Ethics programs help maintain a moral course in turbulent times.

3. Ethics programs cultivate strong teamwork and productivity. 4. Ethics programs support employee growth and meaning.5. Ethics programs are an insurance policy -- they help ensure that policies are legal. 6. Ethics programs help avoid criminal acts “of omission” and can lower fines. 7. Ethics programs help manage values associated with quality management, strategic planning and diversity management -- this benefit needs far more attention. 8. Ethics programs promote a strong public image.9. Overall benefits of ethics programs: Integrity in the workplace.10. Last - and most -- formal attention to ethics in the workplace is the right thing to do.

One Description of a Highly Ethical Organization

• Mark Pastin, in The Hard Problems of Management: Gaining the Ethics Edge (Jossey-Bass, 1986), provides the following four principles for highly ethical organizations:

1. They are at ease interacting with diverse internal and external stakeholder groups. The groundrules of these firms make the good of these stakeholder groups part of the organizations' own good. 2. They are obsessed with fairness. Their groundrules emphasize that the other persons' interests count as much as their own. 3. Responsibility is individual rather than collective, with individuals assuming personal responsibility for actions of the organization. These organizations' groundrules mandate that individuals are responsible to themselves. 4. They see their activities in terms of purpose. This purpose is a way of operating that members of the organization highly value. And purpose ties the organization to its environment.

Ethics Management Programs: An Overview

• There are numerous benefits in formally managing ethics as a program, rather than as a one-shot effort when it appears to be needed. Ethics programs: · Establish organizational roles to manage ethics · Schedule ongoing assessment of ethics requirements · Establish required operating values and behaviors · Align organizational behaviors with operating values · Develop awareness and sensitivity to ethical issues · Integrate ethical guidelines to decision making · Structure mechanisms to resolving ethical dilemmas · Facilitate ongoing evaluation and updates to the program · Help convince employees that attention to ethics is not just a knee-jerk reaction done to get out of trouble or improve public image


• Social Responsibility & Business Ethics– Using the 10 Myths About Business Ethics, change the

myths to facts.– Go online and find an example for each myth that are

“Myth Busters”… explain your point of view for each (10)– Develop a presentation (5 slide minimum)

• Explain how each MYTH is BUSTED• Explain your point of view made to prove each one.

– Save as Myths… Print for a grade.






• Social Responsibility & Business Ethics– Using the 10 Benefits of Managing Ethics in the

Workplace, find examples that support each benefit.– Go online and find current event examples for each

BENEFIT… explain the connection– Develop a presentation (5 slide minimum)

• Explain how each EVENT is related to each Benefit of Managing Ethics.

– Save as Benefits… Print for a grade.






• Social Responsibility & Business Ethics– Go online and find a CURRENT EVENT that demonstrates

Social Responsibility– Go online and find a CURRENT EVENT that demonstrates

Business Ethics– Develop a presentation (5 slide minimum)

• Explain how each EVENT is related to each concept/definition.

• Explain the solution you propose to rectify the issue.– Save as Ethics2… Print for a grade.






Ethical Issues in Business… Project Topics• Ethical issues arising from the nature of markets• Ethical issues and society • Ethical issues arising from internal and industry practices• Unethical practices in marketing• Unethical practices relating to products• Ethics and the supply chain• Bribery • Institute of Business Ethics Suggestions for Good Practice • Ethical code• Ethical audit



Why are ethics important to the success of individuals & businesses

Ethics impact both individual & business success

8 Guidelines for Managing Ethics in the Workplace

1. Recognize that managing ethics is a process.2. The bottom line of an ethics program is accomplishing preferred behaviors in the workplace. 3. The best way to handle ethical dilemmas is to avoid their occurrence in the first place. 4. Make ethics decisions in groups, and make decisions public, as appropriate. 5. Integrate ethics management with other management practices. 6. Use cross-functional teams when developing and implementing the ethics management program. 7. Value forgiveness. 8. Note that trying to operate ethically and making a few mistakes is better than not trying at all.

6 Key Roles & Responsibilities in Ethics Management

1. The organization's chief executive must fully support the program. 2. Consider establishing an ethics committee at the board level. 3. Consider establishing an ethics management committee.4. Consider assigning/developing an ethics officer. 5. Consider establishing an ombudsperson. (coordinate policies and procedures) 6. Note that one person must ultimately be responsible for managing the ethics management program.

Ethics Codes/Values - Business for Social Responsibility

• A broad range of stakeholders including customers, investors, regulators, activist groups and the media are paying increasingly close attention to the ethical behavior of companies and their employees. The often embarrassing and financially costly consequences resulting from such intense scrutiny have clarified the business benefits of creating and instituting a comprehensive ethics program. The cornerstone of any company's ethics program is its set of values. The key mechanisms for articulating those values are ethics codes, also known as codes of business practices or simply, principals.

Ethics Codes/Values - Business for Social Responsibility• The benefits of developing such a code cannot be overstated; they include

avoiding litigation, fines and other criminal sanctions, as well as enhancing brand name and reputation. Ethics codes and business principles are also instrumental in creating a cohesive corporate culture, a factor that is proving especially important to global companies whose operations encompass dozens of countries and legal systems, and a diversity of ethical values and priorities. Ethical decision-making procedures, spelled out in an ethics code, also arm employees with the information needed to act in accordance with the values of a company. However, even the most powerfully-worded ethics code will fail in its purpose, if it exists only on paper. To avoid this, an ethics code must be part of an action-based effort that intensely focuses on both communication and education of and around the code. To this point, an ethics code is made effective when it is backed by well-conceived and broadly implemented training and enforcement components. Such a multi-faceted program will reach and empower employees operating at every level of a corporation.


• Social Responsibility & Business Ethics– CASE STUDIES: Handout

• The Polluters Dilemma• Whistle-blowing & the Environment: the Case of

AVCO Environmental

– Open a word document and complete the Discussion Questions for each… answer in complete sentences.

– Save as Ethics3… Print for a grade.






BUSINESS ETHICS CASE STUDY PROJECT (10 pts each)

• From the list of case studies (handout), select 10 scenarios and provide a response supported by concepts from your notes

• Each student is expected to formulate their own response and not share information (test)

• Open a Word Document and list the case #... key in your responses for each… Save as Case Study and print for a (%) grade.






Ethical Issues in Business… Project Topics• Ethical issues arising from the nature of markets• Ethical issues and society • Ethical issues arising from internal and industry practices• Unethical practices in marketing• Unethical practices relating to products• Ethics and the supply chain• Bribery • Institute of Business Ethics Suggestions for Good Practice • Ethical code• Ethical audit



Why are ethics important to the success of individuals & businesses

Ethics impact both individual & business success


• What would an ethics strategy look like?

• Why must an ethics program be established even if regulatory guidelines have been addressed?





Social Responsibility & Business EthicsAn “ethics strategy” basic guidelines:• An ethics strategy should be concerned with ensuring that all

corporate activities are ethical, legal, and within all regulatory guidelines.

• Because actions, be they right or wrong, arise from character, an ethics strategy should provide a road map to ensure the ongoing development of individual and organizational character. This is generally accomplished through the institution of “ethics programs” to train employees.

• And finally, an ethics strategy should provide for monitoring and policing organizational activities to minimize and prevent ethical and legal violations. This has become increasingly important, because some recent case law has ruled that individual board members can be held liable for ethical lapse, where ethical plans and programs are not in place.


• Once these regulatory requirements have been addressed, organizations can then work toward enhancing their corporate character. This is commonly approached by introducing an “ethics program” that consists of a series of ethical training modules that are designed to educate and build ethical character on an individual basis throughout the organization. Ethics programs and training are a necessary foundation to ensure an ongoing and deepening response to ethical issues as they arise for employees on the job.

• http://www.klminc.com/ethics/strat-for-ethical.html

http://www.klminc.com/ethics/strat-for-ethical.html


Develop an Ethical Strategy for a Business• From the handout, Strategy for an Ethical Organization,

develop the components necessary to implement an effective ethical program.

• Hint: use the sample found in the article• Create a PowerPoint that could be used by an

organization for presentation to employees… use graphics, animations, and any designs that would enhance the slide show

• Save as Ethics Show… print for a grade






• Go online, using search words: “code of ethics sample”, and find a policy that can briefly describe an ethics code– Wikipedia-Ethical code has a list of examples– Draw an inference or a conclusion regarding the

relevance of having a code

• Create a minimum 5 slide presentation about your ethics policy

• Save as ethics sample… Print for a grade





Human Resources Management Legalities

- Hiring Employees - Using Independent Contractors & Freelancers - Compensation & Benefits for Your Employees - Performance Management & Discipline - Preventing Workplace Discrimination & Harassment - Time Off & Leave for Your Employees - Your Employees' Right to Privacy - Firing Employees & Employee Resignations - Your Employees' Health & Safetyhttp://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/human-resources/




Students will understand that positive relationships with all contacts, both internal and external, are an integral part of business success.

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/hiring-employees/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/contractors-freelancers/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-benefits/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/performance-management/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/discrimination-harassment/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-leave/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-privacy/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/firing-resignations/

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-health-safety/

Workplace Laws Every Employer Needs to KnowYou need to know about employment laws governing employers' relationships with workers. As

an employer, you will have to follow a host of state and federal laws that regulate your relationship with your employees. Among the things you'll be expected to know and understand:

• Proper hiring practices, including how to conduct interviews and investigate job applicants without invading their privacy. (See Nolo's article Hiring Employees.)

• Wage and hour laws, including those governing the minimum wage, overtime, and compensatory time. (See Nolo's article Compensation & Benefits for Your Employees.)

• How to avoid harassment and discrimination based on a variety of characteristics, including gender, age, race, pregnancy, sexual orientation, disability, and national origin. (See Nolo's article Preventing Workplace Discrimination & Harassment.)

• The minimum requirements for sick, vacation, parental, and other types of employee leave. (See Nolo's article Time Off & Leave for Your Employees.)

• How to write an employee handbook, conduct performance reviews, and discipline employees. (See Nolo's article Performance Management & Discipline.)

• How to fire an employee without trampling on his or her legal rights. (See Nolo's article Firing Employees & Employee Resignations.)

• How to protect your business and respect employees' rights when they leave. (See Nolo's article Firing Employees & Employee Resignations.)

• What the law allows if you want to run a background check, do a workplace search, or monitor employee conduct. (See Nolo's article Your Employees' Right to Privacy.)

• http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/article-29957.html;jsessionid=64EE653362758A577DB571F5D37319A9.jvm1

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/hiring-employees/index.html

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-benefits/index.html

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/discrimination-harassment/index.html

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-leave/index.html

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/performance-management/index.html

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/firing-resignations/index.html

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/firing-resignations/index.html

http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-privacy/index.html

Top Tips for Avoiding Legal Trouble With Employees You can't afford to ignore or mishandle employment problems. A botched employment situation can cost you

millions of dollars if it turns into a lawsuit. Protect yourself using these commonsense tips.

• 1. Treat your workers with respect.Workers who are deprived of dignity, who are humiliated or who are treated in ways that are just plain mean are more likely to look for some revenge through the legal system -- and juries are more likely to sympathize with them. For example, if you march fired workers off the premises under armed guard, publicize an employee's personal problems or shame a worker in public for poor performance, you can expect trouble.

• 2. Communicate with your workers.Adopt an open door policy and put it into practice. This will help you find out about workplace problems early on, when you can nip them in the bud. And it will show your employees that you value their opinions, an important component of positive employee relations.

• 3. Be consistent. Apply the same standards of performance and conduct to all of your employees. Workers quickly sour on a boss who plays favorites or punishes scapegoats. Successful discrimination lawsuits start when you treat workers in the same situation differently.

• 4. Give regular evaluations. Performance evaluations are your early warning system regarding employment problems -- and your proof that you acted reasonably, in case you end up in court. (In the worst cases, evaluations can be valuable proof in a lawsuit, illustrating that you put a poor performer on notice and gave him a chance to improve.) In the best situations, they can turn a poor performer into a valued worker. You can find detailed information about giving performance evaluations in Dealing With Problem Employees: A Legal Guide, by Amy DelPo and Lisa Guerin (Nolo).

• 5. Make job-related decisions. Every workplace decision made should be guided by job-related criteria -- not by a worker's race or gender and not by a worker's personal life or your personal biases. Making sure that your personnel decisions are business-related, make economic sense and will keep you out of lawsuits for discrimination, violation of privacy and wrongful termination.

• http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/article-29957.html;jsessionid=64EE653362758A577DB571F5D37319A9.jvm1

http://www.nolo.com/products/dealing-with-problem-employees-PROBM.html

Top Tips for Avoiding Legal Trouble With Employees You can't afford to ignore or mishandle employment problems. A botched employment situation can cost you

millions of dollars if it turns into a lawsuit. Protect yourself using these commonsense tips.

• 6. Don't punish the messenger.Employers get in trouble when they discipline whistleblowers or workers who complain of harassment, discrimination or unsafe working conditions. Take action to deal with the problem itself, not with the employee who brought the problem to your attention.

• 7. Adopt sound policies and follow them.An employee handbook is an indispensable workplace tool that can help you communicate with your employees, manage your workforce and protect your business from lawsuits. But once you adopt policies, you have to follow them. If you bend the rules, your workers won't take them seriously. Some courts have found that employers who don't follow the policies set out in their employee handbook or personnel manual might be on the hook for breach of contract. You can find detailed information about giving performance evaluations in Create Your Own Employee Handbook: A Legal & Practical Guide, by Amy DelPo and Lisa Guerin (Nolo).

• 8. Keep good records.If a worker sues you, you'll have to not only remember and explain what happened, but also prove that your version of the story is accurate. To make your best case, keep careful records of every major employment decision or event for each worker -- including evaluations, disciplinary warnings and reasons for firing.

• 9. Take action when necessary.Once an employment problem comes to your attention, resist the temptation to hide your head in the sand. Take action quickly, before it turns into a real mess.

• 10. Be discreet.Loose lips about employee problems are a surefire way to bring the law down upon your head. An employee could sue you for defamation or could haul you into court for causing her emotional distress, for creating a work environment that is hostile toward her or for poisoning prospective employers against her. The stakes are high, so protect yourself by giving information on a need-to-know basis only. You can find more information on employee privacy rights and other workplace issues in Everyday Employment Law: The Basics, by Amy DelPo and Lisa Guerin (Nolo)

• by: Lisa Guerin , J.D. , Amy DelPo , Attorney • http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/article-29957.html;jsessionid=64EE653362758A577DB571F5D37319A9.jvm1

http://www.nolo.com/products/create-your-own-employee-handbook-EMHA.html

http://www.nolo.com/products/the-managers-legal-handbook-ELBA.html

http://www.nolo.com/law-authors/lisa-guerin.html

Human Resources Management Agencies • United States Department of Labor homepage - http://www.dol.gov/

U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) This site contains statistics, summaries of labor laws and useful links to other government agencies. DOL is charged with promoting the best interests of wage earners, job searchers, and retirees.

• Occupational Safety & Health Administration - http://www.osha.gov This is the homepage for OSHA. It has information related to job related safety and health issues, as well as compliance related resources.

• Use Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration (ETA) -http://www.doleta.gov/ Information on programs, assistance, and training opportunities for employers and employees.

• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics - http://www.bls.gov/home.htm Contains labor related statistics compiled by the BLS.

• National Labour Market Information - http://lmi-imt.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/ National bilingual database of Labour Market Information including standardized occupation descriptions, wage data, analysis of employment trends, potential employer lists and training available in local labour market areas by occupation and links to Industrial Profiles, Community Information, Labour Market Reviews where available.

• Social Security Administration - http://www.socialsecurity.gov/ This is the homepage for the Social Security Administration.

• The National Labor Relations Board is an independent federal agency created by Congress in 1935 to administer the National Labor Relations Act, the primary law governing relations between unions and employers in the private sector.

Human Resources Management Legalities

• Start your search… HR Management Topics… Use the following list:- Hiring Employees - Using Independent Contractors & Freelancers - Compensation & Benefits for Your Employees - Performance Management & Discipline - Preventing Workplace Discrimination & Harassment - Time Off & Leave for Your Employees - Your Employees' Right to Privacy - Firing Employees & Employee Resignations - Your Employees' Health & Safety

• Find 2-3 statements about each topic… CITE the SITE!( http://humanresources.about.com/od/legalissues/Employee_Relations_Employment_Law_Samples_Job_Descriptions.htm OR http://humanresources.about.com/od/policysamples/a/policy_samples.htm )

• Make a chart or checklist… SAVE & PRINT





Human Resources Management

• Start your search… History of HR Management … Investigate the following ideas/events:- Earliest record or example- Struggles of “blue collar” employees- Labor Unions- Industrialization- Employee Issues- Frederick Taylor’s influences- Human Capital verse Human Resource- Laws enacted to protect individuals- Today’s view

• Develop a PowerPoint to demonstrate the evolution of human resources management… SAVE & PRINT

• Minimum of 3 sites… CITE the SITE!






• History… check these sites– http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3495/

is_n3_v43/ai_20514399/– http://www.smallbusinessbible.org/

history_humanresource.html– http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-

human-resource-management.html


• What greatly influenced and shaped the field of human resources management?

• What is considered the most important piece of HRM legislation?

• List at least 10 laws that are related to the function of human resource management.





Human Resources Management• The field of human resources management is greatly influenced and

shaped by state and federal employment legislation. Indeed, regulations and laws govern all aspects of human resource management, including recruitment, placement, development, and compensation areas.

• The most important piece of HRM legislation, which affects all of the functional areas, is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsequent amendments, including the Civil Rights Act of 1991. These acts made illegal the discrimination against employees or potential recruits for reasons of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It forces employers to follow—and often document—fairness practices related to hiring, training, pay, benefits, and virtually all other activities and responsibilities related to HRM. The 1964 act established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to enforce the act, and provides for civil penalties in the event of discrimination. http://www.answers.com/topic/human-resource-management-and-the-law

Human Resources Management• Laws influencing the function of human resource management are

as follows: http://www.answers.com/topic/human-resource-management-and-the-law

– Civil Rights Act of 1964– Equal Pay Act of 1963– Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967– Davis-Bacon Act of 1931– The Walsh-Healy Public Contracts Act of 1936– Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938– Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970– The Wagner Act of 1935-aka National Labor Relations Act– The Norris-Laguardia Act of 1932– Social Security Act of 1935– Taft-Hartley Act of 1947– Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959


• Go online & use the list of laws to search for information for each… purpose, fact, and impact

• OR try: http://www.answers.com/topic/human-resource-management-and-the-law

• Use the list of laws & complete…– Copy & paste their Purpose– Provide a historical fact that lead to the law– Explain the impact on HR Management

• Create a PowerPoint presentation (13 slides)• Save as Agencies… Print for a grade






• Go online, using search words: Government Agencies OR use the site for USA.gov at… http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/Federal/All_Agencies/index.shtml

• Find at least 10 agencies related to HR MGT…– Copy & paste their Purpose/Mission– Provide a historical fact that lead to the agency– Explain the impact on HR Management

• Create a PowerPoint presentation (11 slides)• Save as Agencies… Print for a grade





Human Resources ManagementAgencies: http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/Federal/All_Agencies/index.shtml

• U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) - http://www.dol.gov/ • Occupational Safety & Health Administration - http://www.osha.gov • Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration (ETA) -

http://www.doleta.gov/• US Bureau of Labor Statistics - http://www.bls.gov/home.htm • Social Security Administration - http://www.socialsecurity.gov/ • National Labor Relations Board - http://www.nlrb.gov/• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) -

http://www.eeoc.gov/• Federal Labor Relations Authority - http://www.flra.gov/introduction-flra• Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service -

http://www.fmcs.gov/internet/ • National Mediation Board - http://www.nmb.gov/ • Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation - http://www.pbgc.gov/

Communication

• Explain 3 reasons ineffective communication in business is expensive.

• Explain 3 reasons why communication is important for the 21st century workplace.

• What role does communication play in the global economy?

• Explain 5 tips for communication

• http://www.bus.wisc.edu/update/winter05/business_communication.asp



How does communication affect the success of individuals and businesses?

Students will understand that effective communication skills impact business success.


PART 1:• Discover good communication tools… find samples that reflect

effective communication in business. Use search words such as “sample business communication”, etc.– Minimum 4 samples: letters, proposals, memos, etc.

PART 2:• Investigate the language barriers when developing a product for

the global market… find samples that demonstrate this challenge.– Look at historical events that involved companies OR– Show the impact of brand names in a global market

• Provide a PowerPoint or Document that demonstrates both parts• Cite your Site… you may attach a copy of the information.






PART1: http://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/CommunicationIntro.htm • Explain the stages of the communication process (chart)…

– consists of the sender, encoding, the channel, decoding, the receiver, feedback and the context

– At each stage, there is the potential for misunderstanding and confusion… address this issue and provide a solution.

PART 2: http://www.mindtools.com/page8.html• Select How Good Are Your Communication Skills?

– Take the Communication Quiz… be honest with yourself– Evaluate your “Score Interpretation”… provide a solution for improvement

• Use MSWord to provide details and solutions for both parts• Cite your Site… you may attach a copy of the information.





Communication Process





Source: be clear about why you're communicating

Message: information to communicate

Encoding: process of transferring into a form to be sent and decoded at the end.

Channel: including face-to-face , phone videoconferencing, written channels

Decoding: time to read a message carefully, or listen actively

Receiver: members of your audience

Feedback: verbal & nonverbal reactions to your message

Context: situation your message is delivered


GO to: http://www.mindtools.com/page8.html• Select Making a Great First Impression

– Whether in your career or social life, it’s important to know how to create a good first impression… some useful tips

– List the main points and compare your current behaviors to each

– Evaluate your skills… use a chart to provide a solution for personal improvement

• Use MSWord to provide details and solutions to improve your skills.

• Cite your Site…






GO to: http://www.mindtools.com/page8.html• Select Active Listening

– Listening has a major impact on job effectiveness, and on the quality of relationships with others… we remember a dismal 25-50% of what we hear… when you talk for 10 minutes, others only hear 2½-5 minutes of the conversation.

– List the main points of active listening, any tips and key points… compare your current behaviors to provide a solution for personal improvement. Evaluate your skills… use a chart

• Use MSWord to provide details and solutions to improve your skills.





Communication

• Identify the different components of oral and written information.

• What are reading strategies that improve comprehensive?





Communication• The different components of oral and written

information are:– accuracy, adequacy, clarity, conclusions, solutions,

facts & opinions

• Reading strategies to improve comprehension:– Focus, Identify Purpose, Scan, Summarize, Sequence,

Draw a Mental Picture, Checkup, and Reread– Also… Vocabulary and Speed interact with one’s

comprehension.


Reading, Writing, & Oral Communication Skills• Investigate the following:

– Identify 3 situations requiring reading skills– Explain how to determine an unfamiliar word while reading– Explain how to build your vocabulary through reading/writing– Identify a method to increase reading comprehension– Explain how to summarize written information… NOW find an

article of interest and summarize the topic

• Use MSWord to provide detailed answers to each topic… Cite your Site… Print the article






More Communication Skills• From the following 2 articles: Body Language: a Basic

Communication Skill and 10 ways to Explain Things More Effectively – Identify the main points of each article (they're in BOLD).– Explain how the articles are similar and how they are different.– Explain how you can use these pointers in everyday life.– Summarize each article… What ideas would you share with

others from each article?

• Use MSWord to provide detailed answers to each point… Save & Print your document





Communication

• Identify the characteristics of effective writing.

• Identify the characteristics of effective speaking.





CommunicationStandard Essential Question Enduring Understanding




Office Environment


Work Skills Project• Select 1 topic from the attached list.• Use the Standard listed as a guide to complete

the presentation in order to demonstrate what is expected for the topic.

• The classroom rubric will be used for grading.• Use PowerPoint… one slide for a Title, one slide

for each point listed in the “Standard”, and one slide to cite your sites… be creative!








