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ADJUSTMENT DISORDER

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ADJUSTMENT DISORDERCreated by:

1. Amni Aida Zahidah Bt Abdul Rani D2618

2. Masyunira Bt Yunos D2652

3. Nina Karina Bt Hamdan D2666

4. Nor Syahira Bt Khairul Azam D2683

5. Syazwani Bt Yaakub D2800

6. Wan Faris Safwan Bin Wan Muda D2804

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Define adjustment disorder.

2. State the clinical manifestation of adjustment disorder.

3. State the causes of adjustment disorder.

4. State the risk factors of adjustment disorder.

5. Explain the prevention of adjustment disorder.

6. State the treatment for adjustment disorder.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

7. Explain the management for adjustment disorder.

8. Appreciate the knowledge on understanding about adjustment disorder.

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DEFINITION OF ADJUSTMENT DISORDER

• A temporary disorder of varying severity that occur as an acute reaction to overwhelming stress in persons of any age who have no apparent underlying mental disorders. Symptoms include anxiety, withdrawal, depression, impulsive outbursts, crying spells, attention-seeking behavior, enuresis, loss of appetite, aches, pains, and muscle spasms. It can be persistent if symptoms continue for six months or more. It can develop in response to an identifiable stressor and result from situations such as separation of an infant from its mother, the birth of sibling, loss or change of job, death of a loved one, or forced retirement. Symptoms usually recede and eventually disappear as stress diminishes . See also anxiety….. Mosby' book

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DEFINITION OF ADJUSTMENT DISORDER

An adjustment disorder (AD) occurs when an individual is unable to adjust to or cope with particular stressor, like a major life event. Since people with this disorder normally have symptoms that depressed people do, such as general loss interest, feelings of hopelessness and crying, this disorder is sometimes known as situational depression. Unlike major depression the disorder is caused by outside stressor and generally resolves once the individual is able to adapt to situation.

The condition difference from anxiety disorder, which lack the presence of a stressor, or post-traumatic stress disorder, which usually are associated with a more intense stressor.

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Feeling of hopelessness

Sadness, frequent crying Anxiety (nervousness) Worry

Headaches or stomach aches

Palpitations (an unpleasant sensation of

irregular or forceful beating of the heart)

Withdrawal or isolation from people and social activities

Absence from work or school

Dangerous or destructive behavior, eg: fighting, reckless

driving and vandalism

Changes in appetite, eg: loss of appetite or

overeatingProblems sleeping Feeling tired or

without energy

Increase in the use of alcohol or other drugs

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Events or changes that may cause

develop Adjustment Disorder• Marital Problems • Relationship Problems• Divorce • Family Conflict• Sexuality Issues• Health Problems

CAUSES

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Death of a loved oneUnexpected

CatastropesFinancial ProblemsWork or School ChangesMajor Life ChangesOngoing Stressful Life

Events

CAUSES

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RISK FACTORS

AGE

POOR COPING SKILLS

POOR SOCIAL SKILLS

POOR SUPPORT SYSTEM

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PAST EXPERIENCES

GENETIC FACTOR

INTELLIGENCE

POOR EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

POOR LIFE FLEXIBILITY

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Support from familyTalk to healthcare

professional if you feel stressed

Try to have flexibility attitude regarding your life

Think positivelyLive a healthy lifestyle

PREVENTION

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TREATMENT FOR CLIENT WITH ADJUSTMENT DISORDER

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Treatments and drugsThere are two main types of treatment for adjustmentdisorder — psychotherapy and medications.1.Psychotherapy The main treatment for adjustment disorders is psychotherapy, also calledCounseling or talk therapy.

You may attend : Individual therapy – between client with the doctor only. Group therapy -allowing the person to discuss his or her concerns and feelings

with people who are coping with the same stress Family therapy - where you will meet with a therapist along with your family

Therapy can provide emotional support and help you get back to your normal routine.

Therapy helps the person understand how the stressor has affected his or her life.

It also helps the person develop better coping skills

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2. Medications Medication can help with such symptoms as depression, anxiety and suicidal

thoughts. Common drugs used: Antidepressants Anti-anxiety medications.

This medicines may help if you are: Nervous or anxious most of the time (anxiety problem) Not sleeping very well(sleep disturbance) Very sad or depressed.

Don't stop taking any medication without talking with your doctor first If stopped suddenly, some medications, such as certain antidepressants, may

cause withdrawal symptoms.

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MANAGEMENTAnalyze the stressors affecting the patient and

determine whether they can be eliminated or minimized.

Clarify and interpret the meaning of the stressor for the patient.

Reframe the meaning of the stressorsMaximize the patient’s coping skillsHelp patients gain perspective on the stressor,

establish relationships, attend support groups, and manage themselves and the stressor.

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THANK YOU