Add Math Project 3

7/28/2019 Add Math Project 3

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CONTENT

No. Title Page

1 Introduction 1

2 Activity 1 : Collecting Information 2-5

3 Activity 2 : Data Analysis 5-7

4 Activity 3 : Interpretation of Data 8

5 Activity 4 : Further Exploration 8-9

6 Activity 5 : Conclusion 10-11

7 Reflection 12

INTRODUCTION


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Obesity is a medical condition in which excessbody fat has accumulated to the

extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy

and/or increased health problems. People are considered obese when theirbody mass

index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by

the square of the person's height in meters, exceeds 30 kg/m2.

Obesity increases the likelihood ofvarious diseases, particularly heart disease,

diabetes,obstructive sleep apnea, certain types ofcancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is

most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of

physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily

by genes,endocrine disorders, medications orpsychiatric illness. Evidence to support

the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is

limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin

counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

BMI provides the most useful population-level measure of overweight and

obesity as it is the same for both sexes and for all ages of adults but it is merely a

rough guide because it may not correspond to the same degree of fatness in different

individuals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity-associated_morbidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_inheritancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatric_illnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_conditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metreshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity-associated_morbidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_inheritancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatric_illness


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ACTIVITY 1: COLLECTING INFORMATION

Form1

No Name Height (m) Weight (kg) BMI

1 Tony Low Chong Hoe 1.66 65 23.62 Teoh Mak Kia 1.87 93 26.6

3 Desmond Chai Lee Lee 1.67 58 20.8

4 Chew Gim Ee 1.54 73 30.8

5 Tan Kok Cheng 1.59 68 26.9

6 Heng Boon Kim 1.68 49 17.4

7 Tan Heap Bee 1.69 70 24.5

8 Tan Hock Leong 1.72 60 20.3

9 Ooi Chin Chong 1.70 88 30.4

10 Goh Liew Hui 1.66 46 16.711 Lim Chin Thian 1.70 59 20.4

12 Loh Hock Shang 1.43 46 22.5

13 Ong Biew Chieh 1.67 43 15.4

14 Yap Hong Yun 1.80 50 15.4

15 Cheng Ming Khai 1.78 77 24.3

16 Ng Chee Keong 1.63 68 25.6

17 Lim Cheng Hoon 1.66 64 23.2

18 Voon Choon Siang 1.76 73 23.6

19 Helen Chen Mooi Ying 1.88 84 23.8

20 Toh Siew Siew 1.78 65 22.2

21 Ooi Siew Ying 1.60 49 19.1

22 Choo Kek Kian 1.73 46 15.4

23 Boon Chia Ying 1.55 47 19.6

24 Khor Peah Heng 1.64 60 22.3

25 Kim Nee Joo 1.62 58 22.1

26 Wong How Jun 1.67 55 19.7

27 Stella Ng Ru Peng 1.67 73 26.2

28 Chew Mei Nar 1.77 90 28.7

29 Lau Sumei 1.84 40 11.8

30 Ang Peter 1.70 41 14.2

31 Yeap Shu May 1.63 57 21.5

32 Saw Siew Lian 1.75 43 14.0

33 Ong Lay Hoon 1.67 57 20.4

34 Poh Miin Chean 1.51 54 23.7

35 Evelyn Ng Ding Chong 1.57 45 19.5

36 Cheah Bee Lay 1.69 68 23.8

37 Tan Poh Choo 1.86 77 22.3

38 Chan Rui Ping 1.76 68 22.0


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39 Quek Chin Weng 1.57 66 26.8

40 Veron Kam Liam Ghee 1.52 43 18.6

41 Wang Boo Ann 1.73 66 22.1

42 Ong Bee Kuan 1.67 70 25.1

43 Jeffery Khaw Kim Seng 1.87 84 24.044 Ng Khoon Bong 1.57 48 19.5

45 Tang Hun Weng 1.61 67 25.8

46 Chang Yee Ting 1.77 47 15.0

47 Saw Ee Thor 1.80 87 25.9

48 Chung Ying Tong 1.58 64 25.6

49 Boey Kok Keong 1.66 76 27.6

50 Lilian Chong Lye Qing 1.80 75 23.1

Table 1

Form5

No Name Height (m) Weight (kg) BMI

1 Tan Mooi Mooi 1.63 47 17.7

2 Wong Denny 1.90 94 26.0

3 Yew Shuan Hooi 1.60 59 23.0

4 Lee Kok Beng 1.76 88 28.4

5 Tan Fei Fei 1.84 60 17.7

6 Marilyn Chua Chin Xuan 1.55 69 28.7

7 Boo Chan Ni 1.52 67 29.0

8 Choo Phooi Shan 1.92 90 24.4

9 Yap Lau Lee 1.56 68 27.9

10 Ooi Hooi Nee 1.63 46 17.3

11 Lau Ee Bay 1.88 76 21.5

12 Kee Swee Inn 1.67 53 19.0

13 Lim Kwan Meng 1.66 64 23.2

14 Gooi Chin Hong 1.77 70 22.3

15 Chin Meng Huat 1.85 86 25.1

16 Foo Ka Ming 1.65 68 25.0

17 Lim Boo Hui 1.54 50 21.1

18 Cheah Swee Yee 1.49 38 17.1

19 Ang Beng Poh 1.68 48 17.0

20 Goh Yee Hwan 1.48 66 30.0

21 Ng Swee Sim 1.68 49 17.4


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22 Ong Ai Ngoh 1.66 41 14.9

23 Terrence Teoh Soo Boon 1.87 67 19.2

24 Lee Khai Eng 1.66 52 18.9

25 Eng Jin Goon 1.90 95 26.0

26 Heng Chi Put 1.91 89 24.427 Choong Jon Chye 1.72 50 16.9

28 Chong Han Fang 1.68 49 17.4

29 Tan Teong Ghee 1.61 48 18.5

30 Loh Chin Pang 1.55 60 25.0

31 Tan Boon Teck 1.83 72 21.5

32 Pakhiruddin Bin Mat Saad 1.95 93 24.5

33 Ng Foo Lang 1.66 60 21.8

34 Teh Chee Peng 1.87 77 22.0

35 Yong Zhai Sheng 1.66 56 20.336 Thye Huat Chang 1.80 84 25.9

37 Liew Seng Hock 1.67 40 14.3

38 Oh Ek Kim 1.69 49 17.2

39 Wang June Tow 1.63 43 16.2

40 Ong Kim Sing 1.58 50 20.0

41 Gan Chin Chai 1.88 81 22.9

42 Leong Tooi Ding 1.72 73 24.7

43 Ng Teck Hock 1.63 42 15.8

44 Chiam Teik Hai 1.72 69 23.345 Khoo Siok Yang 1.84 77 22.7

46 Mustafa Bin Haji Yaacob 1.67 46 16.5

47 Lai Chen Hwa 1.55 45 18.7

48 Sim Leang Hwa 1.68 66 23.4

49 Joey Kwak Ling 1.79 82 25.6

50 Sylvia Koh Leang Lang 1.81 78 23.8

Table 2


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ACTIVITY 2: DATA ANALYSIS

BMI(Class Interval) Number of Students inForm 1

Number of Students inForm 5

11.0-15.9 7 3

16.0-20.9 12 18

21.0-25.9 23 22

26.0-30.9 8 7

Table 3

(b)(iv)

Form 1Mean, = fx

f

= (713.45) + (1218.45) + (2323.45) + (828.45)

7+12+23+8

= 91.45+221.4+539.35+227.6

50

= 1097.8

50

= 21.956

Mode = 21.0-25.9

Tn/2 = T50/2

= T25

Median Class is 21.0-25.9

Median = Lm + [(n/2-F)/fm]c

= 20.95 + [(50/2-19)/23](5)

= 22.25


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Form 5

Mean = fx

f

= (313.45) + (1818.45) + (2223.45) + (728.45)

3+18+22+7= 43.5+322.1+515.9+199.15

50

= 1080.65

50

= 21.6

Mode = 21.0-25.9

Tn/2 = T50/2

= T25

Median Class is 21.0-25.9

Median = Lm + [(n/2-F)/fm]c

= 20.95 + [(50/2-21)/22](5)

= 21.859

(b)(v)

Since the mean and the median have the almost same value, mean and median are the

most suitable measure of central tendency to represent the data.

Mean is most widely used. It is easy to find and it is considered a good measure of

central tendency because all the values in a set of data are taken into account while

determining the mean. It is suitable for representing data that are quite evenly

distributed.

Mode is usually used to represent a set of data containing a large number of values

and many repeated values.

Median is used when there are extreme values because median eliminates the effects

of extreme values in the set of data.


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(b)(vi)

Form1

Variance, 2 = fx2 - ( )2

f

= (713.452)+(1218.452)+(2323.452)+(828.452) - (21.9562)7+12+23+8

= 1266.318+4084.83+12647.76+6475.22 - 482.066

50

= 24474.128 - 482.066

50

= 489.483 - 482.066

= 7.417

Standard Deviation, =

=

= 2.723

Form5

Variance, 2 = fx2 - ( )2

f= (313.452)+(1818.452)+(2223.452)+(728.452) - (21.8592)

3+18+22+7

= 542.708+6127.245+12097.855+5665.818 - 477.816

50

= 24433.626 - 477.816

50

= 488.673 - 477.816

= 10.857

Standard Deviation, =

=

= 3.295


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ACTIVITY 3: INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Since the value of standard deviation of form 1 students is smaller, the healthy rate in

form 1 students is higher than form 5 students.

ACTIVITY 4: FURTHER EXPLORATION

BMI Category Number of Form 1

student

Number of Form 5

student

Below 18.5 Underweight 9 15

18.5-24.9 Normal Weight 28 23

25-29.9 Overweight 11 11

30 and above Obese 2 1

Table 4

(a)


10/13

(b)

To avoid problems due to obesity, we must be active. Simple activities, such as

climbing the stairs instead of using lifts, morning and evening walk in the park and

swimming, can bring about tremendous changes in your lifestyle. Such activities will

not only help you burn excess fat, but also help you stay active. Start doing light tomoderate exercises for thirty minutes, five times a week. Switch over to the tough

exercises, once you have gained stamina and strength. You may also join a health club

or gym and socialize with like-minded individuals.

Besides, keep a check on your weight. Monitor your weight regularly. Weigh yourself

at least once a week. This will help you figure out how much extra flab you have lost

by doing simple activities or workout. In case you are being inactive and not eating

healthy, you will be aware of the weight gain at an early stage. This will prevent your

weight gain from being too much to get off.

Furthermore, drink plenty of water. Drinking lots of water will help your body

detoxify all the impurities present in the system. Doctors recommend that you to drink

at least 8-10 glasses of water a day. Having a glass of warm water in the morning,

with half a lemon squeezed in it, is also a good idea. Remember, water cleanses and

rejuvenates your skin as well.

Next, stay away from junk food. One of the prerequisites of staying healthy is

avoiding junk foods. The smart way to stay away from junk food is not to buy them at

all! Avoid frequenting the fast food chains. Keep junk food out of your house as well.If you really like stuff like pizza and burgers, indulge in them not more than once or

twice a month.

Last but not least, your diet should be balanced, with fruits, vegetables and whole

grains included in it. An obese adult should have at least five servings of low-sugar

fruits and vegetables on a day. A vegetable serving shall include one cup of raw or one

and half cup of cooked vegetables. One piece of fresh fruit and one and half cup of

canned fruit are included in a serving of fruit. You should avoid fruits and vegetables

that are high in calories, like mango.

.


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ACTIVITY 5: CONCLUSIONS

Cause of obesity

Students are at a high risk to be unhealthy because they are lacking of physical activity.Lack of physical activity is another important factor related to obesity. Many people

have jobs that involve sitting at a desk most of the day. They also rely on their cars

rather than walking or cycling.When people relax, they tend to watch TV, browse the

internet or play computer games, and rarely take regular exercise.If you are not active

enough, you do not use the energy provided by the food you eat and the extra calories

are stored as fat instead.

Furthermore, students are usually overeating. You will gain or lose weight as a result

of eating more of fewer calories than you need. If you eat more calories than you use,

they will turn into body fat. If you eat fewer than you use, your body will convert its

own fat into energy. The amount of food you eat play a much more important role in

weight control than the kinds of food. People who are overweight, of normal weight,

or underweight may all eat the same kinds of food. Their weight difference result

from the amount of food they eat in relation to the amount of energy they use.

Besides, lack of sleep is also will lead to obesity. Research shows that lack of sleep

increases the risk of obesity. For example, one study of teenagers showed that with

each hour of sleep lost, the odds of becoming obese went up. Lack of sleep increases

the risk of obesity in other age groups as well. People who sleep fewer hours alsoseem to prefer eating foods that are higher in calories and carbohydrates, which can

lead to overeating, weight gain, and obesity. Sleep helps maintain a healthy balance of

the hormones that make you feel hungry (ghrelin) or full (leptin). When you don't get

enough sleep, your level of ghrelin goes up and your level of leptin goes down. This

makes you feel hungrier than when you're well-rested. Sleep also affects how your

body reacts to insulin, the hormone that controls your blood glucose (sugar) level.

Lack of sleep results in a higher than normal blood sugar level, which may increase

your risk for diabetes.


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Ways to control obesity

Exercise is more useful to burn fat as it speeds up metabolism. Exercise in any form

like walking , swimming, cycling, playing football ,workout with machines or yogajust for 30-35 minutes per day will not only helpful to control weight but also reduces

risk of serious cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis etc.

Diet Some people go on dieting or very strict diet regime to control obesity but that is

not safe solution because after some days the person get bored and don't want to be on

control regime . Maintain regular meal times and have balanced meals. Uncontrolled

eating habits also contribute to weight gain.

Include plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grain products in daily diet.

Drink lots of water Whenever hungry in between main meal prefer to have fruits

especially juicy fruits or fruit juice preferably lemon, orange, carrot etc. Green salad is

also healthier and makes filling of fullness to stomach.

Avoid or minimize sugar intake, avoid sweets, chocolates, pudding, cakes as all these

leads to extra calorie to body. In spite of sugar low calorie sweetener can be used.

Honey can be used in juice or water which will help in speed up metabolism. Avoid

high fat milk products like cheese and butter.

Always prefer to have white meat like fish, instead of red meat as they are low in fat

content. Some herbs available at home kitchen are also useful in controlling weights

like fennel, fenugreek, mint, black pepper, ginger. These herbs help in digestion as

well as raising metabolism.

Last but not least always try to be happy, be strong mentally and continue positive

efforts which will give positive result and good health.

Role play in Healthy Lifestyle Campaign

The healthy lifestyle campaign, which aims to increase awareness of the importance

of a healthy lifestyle among the students. As a students, I can give some advice to

those who has bad eating habit to keep away from the junk food and take more food

and vegetable. Besides, I can invite a nutritionist to give a talk in the conjunction of

the healthy lifestyle campaign. Last but not least, I can plan an event such as the

aerobic for the students and teachers.


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Reflection

In this project, I had learned many values and the usage of statistics is important in

our daily life. I also learned to be a discipline student which is always sharp on timewhile doing some work and researching their formation from the internet. Besides,

this project work had taught me to be more confident and more cooperate when doing

something especially school projects. Without my teacher, parents, and my friends, I

will never have an effort to finish this project. So, thanks to them for helping me to

finish this project successfully.

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

Acknowledgement

Firstly, I would like to thank my additional mathematics teacher, Teacher Yap Shwu

Gee for all the helps that she has provided me during my job search. I appreciate the

information and advice she has given. Other than that, I also thanks to my parents for

giving me fully support in completing this project. I very appreciate their generosity.

Furthermore, I would like to give my special thanks to my friends who had given me

extra information on the project work and study group that we had done. Lastly, I

would like to express my highest gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to

complete.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

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Add Math Project 3