Sep. 18, 2014(Thu.)

Dr. Jaehoon SUL

Director of Transport Safety and Disaster Research Team

A Systematic Approach to Urban Road Safety

: Case of Koreas Transport Safety Action Plan

[ADB Transport Forum]

1/30

II Road Accident Trend

I Overview

III

IV

V

Road Safety Management System

Road Safety Policy

Future Plan

# 1

2/30

I Overview

# 2

3/30

Overview of Korea

Population : 50 millions (end of 2012)

(about 81.5% lives in urban area)

Area : 100,188km2 (South Korea)

(small land area, large population, high

urbanization ratio)

Driving license holders : 28.2 millions

(end of 2012)

GNP per capita : 23,679 USD (2012)

Seoul, Myung-dong

# 3

4/30

Traffic Environment

No. of motor vehicles

1980 : 527,729 vehicles

2012 : 22,602,098 vehicles

(42 times increase)

Road lengths

1980 : 46,950km

2012 : 105,703km (2.2 times increase)

No. of traffic policemen

1980 : 1,944 men

2012 : 9,615 men (4.9 times increase)

Seoul, Olympic urban expressway

# 4

5/30

Other related numbers

Vehicle ownership:

452 vehicles / 1,000 population (2012)

Total cost of road accidents:

12,960 billion won (2010),

12.2 billion USD (1.11% of National GDP)

Total road safety investment budget:

1,456 billion won (2012)

(1.4 billion USD) (0.6% of National budget) Expressway entrance

# 5

6/30

II Road Accident Trend

# 6

7/30

Changes in Population, Motor Vehicles, GDP and Road Fatalities

Significant increase in motor vehicles, and going up and down in road fatalities

Year Population

(x1000)

Motor Vehicles

(incl. 2-wheels)

Vehicles

/1000

Pop.

No. of

Fatalities

GDP per

Capita

(USD)

Fatalities

per 100,000

Population

Fatalities

per 10,000

Vehicles

1970 32,241 128,298 4 3,069 279 9.5 237.0

1980 38,124 527,729 14 5,608 1,674 14.7 106.3

1990 42,793 3,394,803 79 12,325 6,153 28.8 36.3

1991 43,206 4,247,816 98 13,429 7,123 31.1 31.6

2000 47,008 13,887,805 295 10,236 10,884 21.8 7.4

2005 48,293 18,964,061 393 6,376 15,830 13.2 3.4

2008 48,607 20,382,352 419 5,870 19,162 12.1 2.9

2010 48,875 21,449,302 439 5,505 20,756 11.4 2.6

2012 50,004 22,602,098 452 5,392 23,679 10.8 2.4

# 7

8/30 No. of vehicles, GDP per capita, and No. of fatalities

The year that fatality started decreasing: 1992 (Peak at 13,429 in 1991)

GDP per capita: 7,555 USD, Number of vehicles: 5,230,894 (120 veh./1,000 per.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

GDP per capita

(x1000) USD Number of Vehicles

(x1000,000)

GDP per capita: 7,555 USD

Number of vehicles: 5,230,894

at the peak fatality rate in 1991

Fatalities

# 8

9/30

Time-Series of Fatalities

Variation of fatality statistics for 40 years

Note: (1) Steep increase in 1988 due to the introduction of computer data processing system

(2) Steep decrease in 1992~1993 by the strong PMO campaign

(3) Steep decrease in 1998 by the IMF foreign currency crisis

(4) Steep decrease in 2001~2002 by the PMO taskforce team

# 9

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Fata

litie

s

Computer Data

Processing (1988)

Campaign by

PMO(1992~1993)

IMF Foreign currency

Crisis (1998)

Safety T/F in PMO

(2001~2002)

Drunken driving penalty

increase (2011)

10/30

No. of fatalities by road users

Total No. of fatalities in 2012 are 5,392

persons

Motor vehicle drivers and passengers

are 1,966 fatalities(36.5%) in 2012

Motor cycle users are 948 fatalities

(17.6%)

Bicycle users are 286 fatalities(5.3%)

Pedestrians are 2,027 fatalities(37.6%)

- Large population in small land area is

one of the reason of high pedestrian

accidents

# 10

1,966

948

286

2,027

165 0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Driver &

passenger

Motor cycle Bicycle Pedestrian Others

11/30

III Road Safety Management System

# 11

12/30

Transportation Safety Management System

National Transportation Committee (Chairman: Minister of MOLIT)

Regional Transportation Committee (Chairman: Governor of Province, total 17 Provinces)

City & County Transportation Safety Policy Committee (Chairman: City Mayor & County Governor)

Hierarchical transportation safety management structure from national level to the local level by the Transportation Safety Law

III

National Transportation Safety Action Committee (Chairman: Assistant Minister of MOLIT)

# 12

13/30 Transportation Safety Planning System

National Transportation Safety Master Plan (By the Minister of MOLIT, every 5 years)

National Action Plan (every year)

City & County Transportation Safety Master Plan (By the City Mayor & County Governor, every 5 years)

Province Transportation Safety Master Plan (By the Governor of Province, every 5 years)

Province Action Plan (every year)

City & County Action Plan (every year)

Procedure of transportation safety planning system from the national to local level by the Transportation Safety Law

# 13

* The safety plan for unban area is included in each

master plan and action plan.

14/30

Government Ministries on Road Safety

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure &

Transport (MOLIT, Coordinator)

Ministry of

Land,

Infrastructure

& Transport

(MOLIT)

Ministry of

Security &

Public

Administration

(MOSPA)

Ministry of

Education

(MOE)

Ministry of

Strategy &

Finance

(MOSF)

National Police

Agency

(NPA)

- National

expressways

- National roads

- Safety policy

coordination

- Local roads

(Province, City,

County)

- School zones

- Silver zones

- Safety

education

- Safety

budget

- Motor

insurance

- Law

enforcement

- Driving

license

- Accident

investigation

Major government ministries and their shared responsibilities

# 14

15/30

IV Road Safety Policy

# 15

16/30

Road safety legislations

# 16

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Fata

litie

s

Computer Data

Processing (1988)

Compulsory Front

Seat Belt (1990)

Speed Camera

(1997)

Silver Zone (2006)

Transportation

Safety Law (1979) Speeding Penalty

Strengthened (2012)

Drink-drive Penalty

Doubled (2009)

Dangerous Driving

Introduced (2007) Traffic Accident

Management

Law(1981)

Road Driving Test &

School Zone (1995)

Fatality Definition

Change (2000)

17/30

Accident Black-Spots Improvement

Frequent accident locations is referred to

as Black-Spots.

- Urban road : more than 5 accidents per year

- Regional road : more than 3 accidents per year

Number of black-spots in urban area: 7,123

spots (about 84% of total 8,486 black-spots in

2012)

Procedures to respond to black-spots :

Accident data analysis, Identifying location,

Identifying causal factors, Site improvement,

Evaluation of effects.

Between 1991 and 2010, a total of 12,496

black-spots have been improved.

On the improved sites, the number of

accidents decreased by 27.6%, and

fatalities decreased by 43.1%.

Bicycle lane

Rural road crossing

# 17

18/30

Safety Zone Program

3 Kinds of Safety Zones (Road Traffic Act) - School zones : around all schools

- Elderly zones : around all elderly people

facilities

- Disabled zones : around all disabled

people facilities

Designation of Zone Areas

- Area of 300m-radius from the main

entrance

- Many zones in urban area

Installation of Safety facilities

- Zone signs, Speed restrictions, Speed

humps, Barriers between cars and

pedestrians, Median fences, Road

signs, Traffic lights, etc.

# 18

19/30

School Zones and Child Accidents

Substantial decrease of child fatalities

over 20 years (over 95% reduction)

1,537(1990) 83(2012)

7,375 school zones out of 13,207 designated

zones have been completed as of 2010

The cost of improvement works: 140 million

won(136,000 USD) per school zone

Children road crossing education

# 19

15

37

1

56

6 11

80

9

98

8

90

8

09

9

32

7

53

5

92

5

72

5

88

4

89

4

68

3

94

2

96

2

84

2

76

2

02

1

61

1

54

1

26

8

0

83

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Fatalities under 14 years of age

20/30

Drunken Driving

Penalties based on Blood Alcohol Concentration

BAC Imprisonment Fine

0.05 0.10 % under 6 months under 3,000,000 won (3,000 $)

0.10 0.20 % 6 months~1 year 3,000,000~5,000,000 won (5,000 $)

0.20 % or more 1 year~3 years 5,000,000~10,000,000

won (10,000 $)

- The actual number of drunken driving fatalities have reduced.

- But the proportion out of the total fatalities has increased (2000:12.5%, 2005:14.3%, 2012:15.1%)

- This means the drunken driving problem is still a big contributor to the total fatality rate.

- The substitute driver system is very popular in urban area with cheap cost (about 15,000 won)

# 20

1217

891 875 920 920 781 815

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Fatalities of Drunken

driving

21/30

Speeding

Current Speed Limit :

100~110km/h on express ways

60~80km/h on national roads

(2 lanes : 60km, 4 lanes : 80km)

30~60km/h on urban roads

30km/h within safety zones

Exceeding Speed Fine

Car Bus & Truck

0 ~ 20km 30,000 won 30,000 won

20 ~ 40km 60,000 won 70,000 won

40 ~ 60km 90,000 won 100,000 won

Over 60km 120,000 won 130,000 won

Penalty fines for Exceeding Speed

# 21

275

160 160 161 134 138

107

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Y2000 Y2002 Y2004 Y2006 Y2008 Y2010 Y2012

Fatalities of Speeding

22/30

Speeding

Speed Cameras :

Total 5,342 cameras nation-wide (2012)

Total 9.65 million tickets issued in 2012

- Speeding : 82%

- Traffic lights violation : 17%

- Others: Bus lane, Shoulder lane : 1%

# 22

23/30

Seat-Belt Wearing

Regulations for seat-belt :

Expressway : All passengers (front & back)

Other roads : Driver and front passenger

Inter-city bus & Taxi : All passengers

Fine for not wearing seat-belt :

30,000 won (30 USD)

Rate of seat-belt wearing :

Driver seat : 80%

Front passenger seat : 73%

Back seat : 40%

# 23

24/30

Safety Education

Constant education from childhood to

adulthood.

Experience-based nursery education

at transport theme parks.

Nursery parents education.

Recommendation of road safety

education at primary and secondary

schools (minimum 10 hours per year).

Safety education for the traffic violation

drivers(KoROAD).

Road safety publicity and campaigns

Children safety education

# 24

25/30

Emergency Rescue

Comprehensive Emergency Medical Plan (2011-2015)

Improving the standard of services

Improving the accessibility and convenience

Enforcing the response rate

Monitoring and evaluation system of medical centers

Training of emergency response personnel

Summary of Emergency Services in Numbers:

Emergency rescue stations: 215 stations with 3,041 personnel

Emergency ambulance units: 1,254 ambulances with 7,228 rescuers

Total number of emergency rescues in 2012: 427,735 rescues (8.6% is due to road accidents)

Number of ambulance transport: 214,378 persons of road accidents

Emergency rescue in urban area is relatively fast and

easy with many ambulance stations and hospitals

# 25

26/30

Car black-box (Drive recorder)

Year 2007

(before)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Reduction Ratio

Accidents 24,692 23,871 24,135 22,403 20,331 20,426 4,266 -17.2%

Fatalities 227 233 184 177 184 177 50 -22.0%

Injuries 38,570 37,021 37,675 34,913 31,205 31,363 7,207 -18.7%

All company taxis have installed car black-boxes between

2008~2012 in Korea including all urban areas (total 91,532 taxis)

Accidents has decreased by 17.2%, fatalities by 22.0%

Local government subsidize of the taxi black-box cost

About 2 million cars have installed the black-box(about 10%)

Insurance companies reduce the insurance cost by 3~5%

Black-box cost : 100,000 ~ 300,000 won (100~300 USD)

# 26

Company taxi accidents

27/30

V Future Plan

# 27

28/30

Accident Reduction Target

Target Year Number

of

Fatalities

Pedestrian

Fatalities

Commercial

Vehicle

Fatalities

Fatalities per

10,000 Motor

Vehicles

Base Year

(2011)

5,229 2,044 928 2.44

2016 3,000 800 440 1.30

2021 1,200 360 170 0.50

The National Transportation Safety Master Plan(2012~2016) set the mid-term (2016) and long-term (2021) targets

2016 target : 1.3 fatalities per 10,000 vehicles 6.0 fatalities per 100,000 population

(No special target for urban area)

# 28

29/30

Target on International Scale

Main measurement units:

Fatalities per 100,000

population.

Korea ranked at the highest

fatalities per 100,000 in 2011.

The mid-term target (2016) of

6.0 is targeted to improve the

position to the mid-table among

OECD countries

# 29

2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4

3.8 4 4.2 4.3

4.6 4.7 4.9

5.4 5.4

5.7 6 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5

6.9 7.6 7.8

8.8 10.6

11 11.1 11.3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Sweden

U.K.

Netherland

Norway

Iceland

Denmark

Switzland

Japan

Israel

Ireland

Germany

Finland

Spain

Autralia

Korea(2016)

Austria

France

Italy

Hungry

Canada

New Zealand

Luxemburg

Slovenia

Czech

Belgium

Portugal

U.S.A.

Poland

Greece

Korea(2011)

Fatalities per 100,000 population

30/30

Change of Disaster Management System

Sewol ferry disaster on 16 April 2014 : 304 persons dead or missing

The biggest disaster in transportation field in the Korea history

Presidents apology for the disaster

Several related ministers resigned

Ministry of National Safety(MONS) will be newly introduced

Korea Coast Guard will be absorbed in MONS

Safety Innovation Master Plan is under

preparation by the government

# 30

UN Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011~2020

UN Secretary General Ban, Ki-Moon (Korean)