The Role of Women The Role of Women in Higher in Higher

Education in IranEducation in IranBy: Dr. Nahla Gharavi- NaeeniBy: Dr. Nahla Gharavi- Naeeni

Associate Professor at Tarbiat Modarres Associate Professor at Tarbiat Modarres UniversityUniversity

Tehran/ I. R. of IranTehran/ I. R. of IranE-mail: Naeeni_n@yahoo.comE-mail: Naeeni_n@yahoo.com

Mar, 2010Mar, 2010

In the Name of GodIn the Name of God

IntroductionIntroduction The importance of education is quite The importance of education is quite

clear. Education is the knowledge of clear. Education is the knowledge of how to put one's potentials to how to put one's potentials to maximum use. One can safely say maximum use. One can safely say that a human being does not have that a human being does not have proper sense until he is educated. proper sense until he is educated.

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Introduction Introduction (continued…)(continued…)

This is why Islam attaches such great This is why Islam attaches such great importance to knowledge and education. importance to knowledge and education. This is why Islam attaches such great This is why Islam attaches such great importance to knowledge and education, importance to knowledge and education, as as prophet (p.b.u.h) prophet (p.b.u.h) said:said:

الله ا�ن اال مسلم کل علی� فریض�ة العلم الله طلب� ا�ن اال مسلم کل علی� فریض�ة العلم طلب�العلم بعاة العلم یحب� بعاة یحب�

Looking for knowledge is obligatory for Looking for knowledge is obligatory for each Muslim. Behold that Allah loves each Muslim. Behold that Allah loves those who look for knowledge (Kulainy, those who look for knowledge (Kulainy, vol1.p30).vol1.p30).

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Introduction Introduction (continued…)(continued…)

The Prophet (p.b.u.h) has said:The Prophet (p.b.u.h) has said: فریضة او محکمة آیة ثالثة العلم فریضة انما او محکمة آیة ثالثة العلم انما

فهو هن خال ما و قائمة سنة او فهو عادله هن خال ما و قائمة سنة او عادلهفضل فضل

Verily, knowledge is three: strong Verily, knowledge is three: strong sine or just obligatory act or current sine or just obligatory act or current sonnah and extra knowledge are sonnah and extra knowledge are grateness(Kulainy,vol1.p32).grateness(Kulainy,vol1.p32).

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Women and Higher Women and Higher EducationEducation

As prophet (p.b.u.h) was teaching As prophet (p.b.u.h) was teaching men, He was also teaching women in men, He was also teaching women in separate time as men. He was separate time as men. He was encouraging all Muslim (men or encouraging all Muslim (men or women) to learn Quran and Islamic women) to learn Quran and Islamic law(Shariah) for increase their law(Shariah) for increase their understanding about the unity of understanding about the unity of Allah and the cost of religion and its Allah and the cost of religion and its guidance.guidance.

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Women and Higher Women and Higher EducationEducation

Without the correct commitment, all Without the correct commitment, all education would be useless. People education would be useless. People who do not have the correct who do not have the correct commitment will not be able to apply commitment will not be able to apply the lessons they’ve learned in life; the lessons they’ve learned in life; therefore no matter how much therefore no matter how much education they have, if they do not education they have, if they do not take the initiative to apply it, they take the initiative to apply it, they still will not be successful.still will not be successful.

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Women and Higher Women and Higher EducationEducation

Educated woman can understand Educated woman can understand and use food products, health items, and use food products, health items, and sanitary products in the correct and sanitary products in the correct way, and also teach proper usage of way, and also teach proper usage of such items to the members of her such items to the members of her family.family.

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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation

Same as men, women could learn knowledge and Same as men, women could learn knowledge and teach and be useful in education in any field.teach and be useful in education in any field.

Any mother can teach her children how to be a Any mother can teach her children how to be a good person with good manners, so if a mother good person with good manners, so if a mother is a well-educated and trained person, she can is a well-educated and trained person, she can be a good teacher and trainer for her children be a good teacher and trainer for her children too. As a mother, a woman affects her children too. As a mother, a woman affects her children (boys and girls), as a wife, she affects her (boys and girls), as a wife, she affects her husband, and as a female in the family, she husband, and as a female in the family, she affects her father and brothers; so the role of affects her father and brothers; so the role of women in family and society is very high.women in family and society is very high.

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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation

As much as mothers are more As much as mothers are more knowledgeable and educated, they can knowledgeable and educated, they can become better teachers and trainers.become better teachers and trainers.

By studying and pursuing educational By studying and pursuing educational activities, a mother can instill an interest activities, a mother can instill an interest in her children to attempt to gain in her children to attempt to gain knowledge. For this reason many Iranian knowledge. For this reason many Iranian women after revolution of Iran by women after revolution of Iran by spending their time with studying in spending their time with studying in higher education.higher education.

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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation

Either some of field which appeared Either some of field which appeared in Iran after revolution , like in Iran after revolution , like theology, women also participated theology, women also participated and studied in universities and now and studied in universities and now there are many women professors in there are many women professors in this field which are teaching in this field which are teaching in universities.universities.

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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation

Parents are responsible for their children. Parents are responsible for their children. The Holy Prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h) has The Holy Prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h) has said: said: “Train your children and teach them “Train your children and teach them because they are going to be responsible because they are going to be responsible in their lives.”in their lives.” (Kolainy 1367 AH(1988): (Kolainy 1367 AH(1988): vol.6, p.50).vol.6, p.50).

He also has said: He also has said: “All of you are “All of you are responsible for your subjects, and women responsible for your subjects, and women are responsible for their family and their are responsible for their family and their children.”children.” (Varram collection: vol.1, p.6 ). (Varram collection: vol.1, p.6 ).

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Iranian women and Iranian women and educationeducation

Iranian ladies since revolution tried to Iranian ladies since revolution tried to study and increase their knowledge to study and increase their knowledge to reach in higher education and be useful in reach in higher education and be useful in society, by taking care of the Islamic limits.society, by taking care of the Islamic limits.

The data of accepted student in graduate The data of accepted student in graduate level of universities trough last 20 years in level of universities trough last 20 years in below, shows that the junior college below, shows that the junior college degree and B.S degree have increased 10 degree and B.S degree have increased 10 times, and for M.S and PH.D degree have times, and for M.S and PH.D degree have increased more than 40 times. increased more than 40 times.

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TOTAL PH.D M.S B.S JONIOR COLLEGE YEAR

MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN

18488 8439 1171 504 510 102 9927 4713 6880 3120 1365-

13665552

12836

1 4820 2528 4831 1108 31707 17456 14163 7269 1375-

13765868

53236

6 4088 1665 5205 1087 34132 21530 15260 8084 1376-

13776550

44043

3 4529 2083 5385 1315 37531 25926 18059 11109 1377-

13787380

54849

2 3916 1938 5407 1459 37530 31681 26952 13414 1378-

13797263

35777

8 4113 2086 5943 1704 39640 38611 22937 15377 1379-

13807108

05603

7 4088 2126 5285 1781 36514 38046 25193 14084 1380-

13817397

06437

8 4454 2499 6484 2235 35643 41821 27389 17823 1381-

13827614

77071

2 4284 2592 6233 2506 35785 47680 29845 17934 1382-

13838989

58889

0 4183 3046 7701 3411 38796 54461 39215 27972 1383-

13848406

39368

6 3997 2934 8359 4488 38000 58274 33707 27990 1384-

1385

Graduated Students from Governmental Universities on Different Level of Education,1365-1385: (1986- 2006) / By: Science , Research &Technology Ministry (Research center)

Iranian women and Iranian women and educationeducation

Another data shows the number of Another data shows the number of women who have degree in higher women who have degree in higher education in different filed in Iran, education in different filed in Iran, as there is in below:as there is in below:

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Ph.D.& PROF

.M.S. &

M.A B.A D. Total COURSE  

371371 77037703 175001175001 187877187877 370958370958Educational &training

sciences1004310043 4267742677 512803512803 186918186918 755206755206 Human science &art

80018001 8343483434 699294699294 239955239955 10308061030806 Social science &law55935593 3075630756 284144284144 7137171371 391905391905 Basic sciences58445844 6536365363 420765420765 438754438754 930832930832 engineering

31153115 1664016640 110123110123 4614346143 176046176046 agriculture2804028040 7286072860 165592165592 105060105060 371568371568 health6284462844 336467336467 24912962491296 14363901436390 43308504330850 Total (men &women)

8080 28322832 9743897438 110916110916 211265211265Educational &training

sciences14151415 1588615886 313951313951 112743112743 444462444462 Human science &art

954954 1855518555 282647282647 9709297092 399269399269 Social science &law627627 1043510435 155903155903 2860928609 195591195591 Basic sciences225225 69846984 7115271152 8014680146 158507158507 Engineering

346346 20962096 2381623816 68106810 3308933089 Agriculture91589158 2754327543 129228129228 7544775447 241390241390 Health

1324813248 8867388673 11232481123248 583326583326 18093661809366 Total woman

Data for 2006 I. R .IranBy: Science , Research &Technology Ministry (Research center)

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DiscussionDiscussion The comparative data from 1996- 2006 in The comparative data from 1996- 2006 in

total for all filed of sciences are:total for all filed of sciences are: 26938 for 1996 & 1809366 for 2006, So, 26938 for 1996 & 1809366 for 2006, So,

1782428 educated women have increased 1782428 educated women have increased in Iran during 10 years. Since 2006 until in Iran during 10 years. Since 2006 until now surely it has increased more recently. now surely it has increased more recently.

In detail we can see that in any field the rate of In detail we can see that in any field the rate of increasing is different, which shows the variety of increasing is different, which shows the variety of women’s interests and their ability in learning and women’s interests and their ability in learning and education.education.

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DiscussionDiscussion For example the number of graduated For example the number of graduated

in PH.D have increased 4 times for in PH.D have increased 4 times for Educational &training sciences. And 7 Educational &training sciences. And 7 times for Human science &Art. More times for Human science &Art. More than 8 times for Social science &law, than 8 times for Social science &law, about 9 times for Basic sciences and about 9 times for Basic sciences and 22 times for Engineering, and more 22 times for Engineering, and more than 9 times for Agriculture, and than 9 times for Agriculture, and more than 30 times for Health.more than 30 times for Health.

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