ADAPTIVE POWER

REGULATOR

INTRODUCTION• Load management is one means of reducing the maximum electricity

Loads and hence also the cost of electricity

• All the manufacturing industries (HT consumers) mainly small-scale industries suffer from the problem of exceeding the maximum demand KVA and when they do this they are penalized by Electricity Board

• Repeated exceeding of the maximum demand KVA by industries may lead to the disconnection of the supply by the Electricity Board. Currently most of the industries avoid this by switching off the entire loads when they are at the point of exceeding the maximum demand KVA or manually switching off the unnecessary loads at that time.

• In Adaptive Power Regulator the loads are shed based on their degree of importance, which are categorized as High, Medium and Low hierarchy. The hierarchical based load management is much effective and eliminates loss to the industry.

• The loads are shed according to their priorities with the help of the PIC unit which sends it signals to cut off appropriate loads based on the amount of power drawn by the High Priority load as it should be always in running condition

• So based on this simple principle the PIC unit interfaces all the functions to be done and automatically switches the loads based on the priorities allotted to them and all is based on power consumption of the high priority load

OVREALL MODEL OF ADAPTIVE POWER REGULATOR

VALUES BEING MONITORED IN THE LCD SCREEN

PIC IO UNIT WHICH INTERFACES ALL THE DEVICES

C0MPONENTS OF PIC IO UNIT• Jumper resistors i.e. 0 ohm resistors which act as connectors

to the connections given to the board • The LM 7805 voltage regulator to supply the components with

constant 5V DC • The PIC 16F877A Microcontroller chip which is the heart of the

circuit • The 2X16 LCD Display to observe the functioning • Pins to get 12V DC from adapter source

• The Adaptive Power Regulator (APR) is a device that enables effective and efficient channeling of available power.

• This device also aims to bring down the electricity bill of a user by reducing the risk of exceeding the maximum KVA, which results in the Electricity Board imposing penalties on the Industry.

• The PIC microcontroller does the job of interfacing all the above mentioned devices, receiving signals from them and performing the necessary calculations. In other words the microcontroller forms the Kernel of the Adaptive Power Regulator

• The Adaptive Power Regulator performs the job of Priority Based Load Shedding. The main features of the Adaptive Power Regulator are shown in the block diagram given as follows

Micro Controller

PIC

1

6

F

8

7

7

A

ULN2003

Relay

Power supply 5v

Current Transformer

Load

L-Priority

Load

M-Priority

Load

H-Priority

Relay 3

Relay 2

Relay 1

Light dependent

resistor (LDR)

2X16 LCD

Display

Button type Switches

Outline of Adaptive Power Regulator

COMPONENTS OF ADAPTIVE POWER REGILATOR

1. PIC microcontroller ( PIC16F877A) 2. Driver circuits for switching Connected Load. 3. Power Supply Circuit 4. Signal Conditioning Circuit 5. Current Transformer 6. Single pole double throw relays 7. Light Sensor Circuit 8. PIC IO and PCB boards

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ADAPTIVE POWER REGULATOR

PROGRASM CODES CONVERTED TO CORRESPONDING HEX CODES BY PCW

COMPILER TO BURN INTO TH PIC

EXTREME BURNER USED TO BURN THE PROGRAMS IN TO THE PIC