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Adaptation Theories
Adaptation Theories
Sister Callista Roy
October 14, 1939 -
Adaptation Model
Central Theme
Person
Environment
•The person in constant
interaction with the
changing environment
• A state or process of being or becoming an integrated and whole person
Health
• A theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes a process of analysis and action related to the care of the ill or potentially ill persons.
Nursing
1. Physiological-physical mode – physical responses & interactions with the environment Maintenance of physiologic integrity (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity & rest & protection)
4 Adaptive Modes
2. Self-concept-group identity mode Need to know the self with a sense of
unity Beliefs & feelings about oneself Central to the person’s behavior Components:
Physical self = body sensation & body image
Personal self = self-consistency, self-ideal, & the moral-ethical-spiritual self
4 Adaptive Modes
Physical Self
Personal Self
3. Role function mode A category of behavior for both
individuals and groups Role – a set of expectations of how a
person in a particular position will behave in relation to a person who holds another position
Underlying need = social integrity/role clarity
4 Adaptive Modes
4. Interdependence mode Applies to adaptive behavior for both
individuals and groups Behavior is assessed as it relates to
interdependent relationships of individuals & groups
Focuses on the giving and receiving of love, respect & value with significant others & support systems
4 Adaptive Modes
The Conservation Principle:
A Model for Health
The Conservation Principle:
A Model for Health
Myra Estrin Levine
1920-1996
Central Theme
Adaptation, Conservation and Integrity
• Adaptation – process by which, over time, people maintain their wholeness or integrity as they respond to environmental changes.
• Conservation – product of adaptation.• Integrity – being in control of one’s life,
having the freedom to choose, to move without constraint and to exercise decisions on all matters; the essence of wholeness
Adaptation
• It varies and is specific. • It is explanatory rather than
predictive.• It is a historical process: Responses
are based on past experiences, personal and genetic.
• It defends the wholeness of living systems by ensuring their ability to confront change appropriately and retain their unique identity.
• Its essence is the successful use of responses that cost the least.
Conservation
• Conservation of energy of the individual
• Conservation of the structural integrity of the individual
• Conservation of the personal integrity of the individual
• Conservation of the social integrity of the individual
Principles of Conservation
• Structural integrity- focuses on healing process
• Personal integrity – focuses on sense of self
• Social integrity – involves a definition of self that goes beyond the individual and includes the wholeness of each person.
Integrity
• Focus should be on the person’s wholeness
• Continually adapts interactions with environment which results in conservation.
• In need of nursing when suffering arises. Independence is set aside and accepts the services of another.
Person
• Goal of conservation• Health and disease are patterns of
adaptive change.• Successful adaptation is the one that
achieves the best fit in the most conserving manner.
Health
• Social context is an important consideration of the wholeness of an individual.
• Difficult to measure but it is vital because adaptation and conservation are based on human being’s interaction with the environment.
Environment
• Operational – consists of undetected natural forces that impinge on the individual.
• Perceptual – consists of information that is recorded by the sensory organs.
• Conceptual – influenced by language, culture, ideas and cognition.
Environment: 3
Aspects
• To take care of others when they need to be taken care of although this need is only temporary
• Takes place whenever there is an individual who needs care to some degree.
Nursing