ACTIVITY #7: CARBOHYDRATES

CarbohydratesMonosaccharides

DimerSucroseLactoseDisaccharides

Simple sugarsPolysaccharidesCelluloseStarchGlycogen

VOCABULARY

Sugar moleculesMade of the elements C, H, O in the ratio of

1:2:1Main source of energy for living thingsRange

Small, monosaccharides simple sugars

Intermediate molecules such as disaccharidesLarge polysaccharides

complex carbohydrates

CARBOHYDRATES

Smallest unit or monomer Can be combined by dehydration

synthesis to form larger molecules like disaccharides and polysaccharides• Examples: Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose

• Chemical Formula: C6H12O6

MONOSACCHARIDE

glucose galactose fructose

C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6

Same formula, but different structures

Another monosaccharide is riboseA component of RNA (ribonucleic acid)

STRUCTURAL ISOMERS

glucose galactose fructose

C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6

ribose

C5H10O5

Compound made by joining two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

Examples: Sucrose (table sugar)- made from a glucose combined

with a fructose Lactose (milk sugar)- made from a glucose combined

with a galactose

DISACCHARIDE

Large molecules made by combining many monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

POLYSACCHARIDE

3 main examples of polysaccharides:

POLYSACCHARIDE EXAMPLES

Polysaccharide:

Found in: Made of: Used for:

Starch

Glycogen

Cellulose

Plants (starch granules)

Glucose monomers

Storage of excess sugar

Animals (liver and muscles)

Glucose monomers

Storage of excess sugar

Plants (cell walls)

Glucose monomers

Rigidity for firm cell walls

All made of glucose monomers but in diff erent arrangements:

STRUCTURE OF POLYSACCHARIDES

Straight chain

Branched chain

Diagonal bonds, many combined chains

Why do endurance athletes often consume a diet high in complex carbohydrates while training?

If a starch polysaccharide 100 glucose molecules long is hydrolyzed, how many water molecules are needed to break the bonds?

REFLECTION