THE FINAL SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT

OF INTERMEDIATE GRAMMAR

This assignment is presented as a partial requirement to follow the final

Semester test of English intermediate grammar in English education study program

LECTURER : PARIATI, S.Pd.

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

INSTITUTE OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

TEACHERS ASSOCIATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

(STKIP-PGRI) LUBUKLINGGAU

2012

PREFACE

Praise and gratitude I say to God the Almighty, because thanks to His mercy and grace I can finish the task of this paper. I am also grateful for the blessings of health and sustenance given to me, so I can collect the material - the material of this paper from the books and the internet. I've tried everything I could to gather a wide range of materials about basic grammar.

I am aware that the papers that I made is still far from perfect, so I welcome any suggestions and constructive criticism to improve this paper to be better again. Therefore I ask for help from readers,

So I created this paper, if there are errors in the writing, I apologize to lecturer and friends and i say thank you.

writer :

Lubuklinggau, 20 may 2012

Muhammmad fadli siregar

CONTENTS

Cover…………………………………………………………………….…………..……

Preface……………………………………………………………………………….……

Contents……………………………………………………….…………….…………….

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION……………………………………………..…………….

A. Background ………………………………………………………..……….……. B. Limitation of the study……………………………………………..…...……….. C. The significances of the study ……………………………………..……………

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION…………………………………………………….………….

A. Active voice………..………………………………………………….……………

1. Simple Present Tense ………………………………………………..………… 2. Simple Present Continuous Tense…….,.…………………………..………… 3. Simpe Past Tense……………………………………………………….……… 4. Simple Past Continuous Tense..………………………………………….……

5. Simple Future Tense…………...…………………………………………….….

6. Simple Future Continuous Tense…………………………………………….… 7. Past Simple Future Tense……………………………………………………….

8. Past Continuous Simple Future Tense…………………………………………. 9. Present Perfect Tense…………………………………………………………….

10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense……………………………………………. 11. Past Perfect Tense………………..……………………………………………..

12. Past Continuous Tense Percfect………………………………………..…….. 13. Future Perfect Tense……………………………………………..…………….

14. Future Perfect Continuous Tense…………………………………………… 15. Future Past Perfect Tense………………………………………………........

16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense………………………………………

B. ACTIVE MODAL PRESENT OR FUTURE……………………………………

C. ACTIVE MODAL PAST………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………

A. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. B. Suggestions………………………………………………………………………

REFERENCES…….…………………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER 1

A. BACKGROUND

Grammar is very important in English, if we want to used English language we must know grammar in English,if you want speak English fluently we must know rule in English language, in grammar English language voice is very important.

Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world’s languages. Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the agent of the main verb. That is, the subject does the action designated by the verb. Many languages used active voice , this allows for greater flexibility in sentence construction, as either the semantic agent or patient may take the syntactic role of subject.

In here we explain and discuss about active voice in English language, we will explain active voice and we will explain what the function from active voice.

B. LIMITATION

1. what is active voice ?

2. what the function active voice ?

3. how many simple in active voice ?

4. what difference active voice and passive voice ?

C. THE SIGNIFICANCES OF THE STUDY

1. we can know what active voice

2. we can know what the function of active voice

3. we can know how many simple in active voice

4. we can know difference active voice and passive voice

CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION

A. ACTIVE VOICE

What is active voice ?

Active voice is a sentence where the subject does an action or work, active voice more often used than passive voice in daily life, and active voice can used in conversation. in active voice we recognized there are 16 tenses that are :

1. Simple Present Tense Tense has two functions, namely: 1). To state a "habitual action" or the usual action daily. 2). To declare a "general truth" or truth of a general nature. Tese is divided into two types of sentences, the verbal and nominal sentence sentece,

as follows: - She studies English at schhol everyday Dia (perempuan) belajar bahasa Inggeris di sekolah setiap hari - He washes my car in the garace every Sunday Dia (lelaki) mencuci mobil saya di garasi setiap hari Minggu - They clean the class rooms at school every day Mereka menyapu ruang-ruang kelas itu di sekolah setiap hari When the Subject is the third person singular, the verb I added with suffix s / es / or ies such as:

- Eat ............................................................................ Eat + s ........Eats

- Wash......................................................................... wash + es…..washes

- Study (ending in the letter y, letter y is replaced with the letter i) studi + es……studies

b. Nominal Sentence: Nominal predicate Sentence is a sentence that consists of other than the verb (that are Noun / Adjective / adverb)

Its tense formula : Subject + To Be (is / am / are) + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She is a nurse in the hospital recently

Dia (perempuan ) adalah seorang perawat di rumah sakit itu akhir-akhir ini - You are good at English recently Kamu pandai dalam bahasa Inggris akhir-akhir ini - I am busy in my school lately Saya sibuk di sekolah saya akhir-akhir ini

2. Simple Present Continuous Tense Tense is useful to reveal something works / events that are takes place when we disclose it. a. Verbal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of Verb I (plus ing) Its tense formula: Subject + To Be (is / am / are) + Verb I (plus ing) + object + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She is studying English at school now Dia (perempuan) sedang belajar bahasa Inggeris di sekolah sekarang - He is washing my car in the garace this morning Dia (lelaki) sedang mencuci mobil saya di garasi pagi ini - They are cleaning the class rooms at school this morning Mereka sedang menyapu ruang-ruang kelas itu di sekolah pagi ini b. Nominal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of Noun / adjective / adverb

Its tense formula : Subject + To Be (is / am / are) + being + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She is being a nurse in the hospital now Dia ( perempuan ) sedang menjadi seorang perawat di rumah sakit itu sekarang - You are being good at English now Kamu sedang bagus dalam bahasa Inggeris sekarang - I am being busy in my office now Saya sedang sibuk di kantor saya sekarang 3. Simpe Past Tense Tense is useful to reveal something that happened in the past. a. Verbal Sentence Predicate verb phrase consists of a form II (Verb II) Its tense formula: Subject + Verb + Object + II adverb of Place + adverb of Time Example sentence: - She studied English at schhol yesterday

Dia (perempuan) belajar bahasa inggeris di sekolah kemarin - He washed my car in the garace two days ago Dia (lelaki) mencuci mobil saya di garasi dua hari yang lalu - They cleaned the class rooms at school yesterday afternoon Mereka menyapu ruang-ruang kelas itu di sekolah kemaren sore

b. Nominal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of Noun / Adjective / adverb Its tense formula: Subject + To Be (was / were) + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She was a nurse in the hospital last year.

Dia adalah seorang perawat di rumah sakit itu tahun lalu

- You were good at English three years ago Kamu pandai dalam bahasa Inggeris tiga tahun yang lalu - I was busy in my office yesterday Saya sibuk di kantor saya kemaren 4. Simple Past Continuous Tense Tense is useful to express something that is going on or being done in the past along with the occurrence of something other. a. Verbal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of Verb I (plus ing) Its tense formula: Subject + To Be (was / were) + Verb I (plus ing) + object + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She was studying English at school at 10 a.m yestererda morning Dia (perempuan) sedang belajar bahasa Inggeris di sekolah pada pukul 10 pagi kemaren. - He was washing my car in the garace at 8 yesterday morning.

Dia (lelaki) sedang mencuci mobil saya di garasi pada pukul 8 pagi kemaren - They were cleaning the class rooms at school at 7 p.m yesterday morning Mereka sedang menyapu ruang-ruang kelas itu di sekolah pada pukul 7 pagi kemaren b. Nominal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of Noun / Adjective / adverb tense formula: Subject + To Be (was / were) + being + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time - She was being a nurse in the hospital when I met her last month Dia (perempuan) sedang menjadi seorang perawat ketika saya jumpai dia bulan lalu - You were being good at English when I spoke to You three years ago

Kamu sedang pandai dalam bahasa inggeris ketika saya berbicara dengan mu tiga tahun yang lalu - I was being busy in my office when You met me yesterday afternoon Saya sedang sibuk di kantor saya ketika kamu menjumpai saya sore kemaren 5. Simple Future Tense Tense is useful to reveal something that will happen or be done the time will come. a. Verbal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of a verb form I (Verb I) Its tense formula: Subject + Will / Shall I + Object + Verb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She will study English at school tomorrow. Dia akan belajar bahasa Inggris di sekolah besok. - He will wash my car in the garace tomorrow afternoon. Dia akan mencuci mobil saya di garasi besok sore. - They will clean the class rooms at school tomorrow afternoon. Mereka akan menyapu ruang-ruang kelas itu di sekolah besok sore. The use of adjusted Auxialiary Subject: - For Subject I and We auxialiary used is "shall" - Subject To You, They, He, She, It and the like using "Will" But the language can be used Inngeris America "will" for Subject I and We. b. Nominal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of Noun / adjective / adverb

Its tense formula: Subject + Will / Shall + Be + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She will be a nurse in the hospital next month. Dia akan menjadi seorang perawat di rumah sakit itu bulan depan.

- You will be good at English next time Kamu akan pandai dalam bahasa Inggris nanti. - I shall be busy in my office tomorrow Saya akan sibuk di kantor besok. 6. Simple Future Continuous Tense Tense is useful to reveal something that will is being done or will be happening at any given time in the future. Its tense formula as follows: Subject + Will / Shall + Be + Verb I (plus ing) n + object + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She will be studying English at school at 11 tomorrow morning. Dia akan sedang belajar bahasa Inggeris di sekolah pada pukul 11 besok pagi. - He will be washing my car in the garace at 10 tomorrow morning. Dia akan sedang mencuci mobil saya di garasi pada pukul 10 besok pagi. - They will be cleaning the school class rooms at 6 tomorrow afternoon. Mereka akan sedang menyapu ruang-ruang kelas itu di sekolah pada pukul 6 besok sore The use of adjusted Auxialiary Subject: - For Subject I and We auxialiary used is "shall" - For Subject You, They, He, She, It and the like using "Will" But the language can be used Inngeris America "will" for Subject I and We. 7. Past Simple Future Tense Tense is useful to reveal something that will be done on time past a. Verbal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of a verb form I (Verb I) Its tense formula as follows: Subject + Would / Should Veb + I + + object + adverb adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She would study English at school yesterday afternoon. Dia akan belajar bahasa Inggris di sekolah sore kemaren. - He would wash my car in the garace yesterday morning. Dia akan mencuci mobil saya di garasi pagi kemaren. - They would clean the class rooms at school yesterday afternoon. Mereka akan menyapu ruang-ruang kelas itu di sekolah sore kemaren.

The use of adjusted Auxialiary Subject: - For Subject I and auxialiary We used the "should" - For Subject You, They, He, She, It and the like using "Would" But the language can be used Inggris America "would" for Subject I and We. b. Nominal Sentence Predicate kalinmat consists of Noun / Adjective / adverb Sentence formula: Subject + Would / Should + Be + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She would be a nurse in the hospital last year. Dia akan menjadi seorang perawat di rumah sakit itu tahun lalu. - You would be good at English before. Kamu akan pandai dalam bahasa Inggris dahulu - I should be busy in my office yesterday morning Saya akan sibuk di kantor saya pagi kemaren. 8. Past Continuous Simple Future Tense Tense is useful to reveal an event that will be being takes place at certain times in the past. At this tense prediket sentence consists of Verb I (plus ing) Its tense formula as follows: Subject + Would / Should + Be + Verb I (plus ing) + object + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She would be studying English at school when I met her at 3 yesterday afternoon. Dia akan sedang belajar bahasa Inggeris ketika saya jumpai dia pada pukul 3 sore kemaren. - He would be washing my car in the garace at 10 yesterday morning. Dia akan sedang mencuci mobil saya di garasi pada pukul 10 pagi kemaren. The use of adjusted Auxialiary Subject: - For Subject I and auxialiary We used the "should" - For Subject You, They, He, She, It and the like using "Would" But the language can be used Inngeris America "would" for Subject I and We. 9. Present Perfect Tense Tense has two kegunaanm, namely: 1). To express something that has been completed. 2). To express something that has occurred since a certain time in the past and continues until we say it now. a. Verbal Sentence:

Predicate verb phrase consists of a form III (Verb III) Its tense formula: Subject + Have / Has + III + Verb + Object + adverb adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She has studied English at schhol since 2005 Dia telah belajar Bahasa Inggeris sejak tahun 2005 - He has already washed my car Dia telah selesai mencuci mobil saya - They have already cleaned the class rooms Mereka telah selesai membersihkan ruangan kelas tersebut When the Subject is the third person singular (He, She, It, and the like), then used is the help word "has" Meanwhile, when a third person other than single subject (I, You, We, They, and the like), the auxiliary word used is "have". b. Nominal Sentence: Predicate sentence consists of Noun / Adjective / adverb Its tense formula: Subject + Have / Has + Been + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She has been a nurse in the hospital since 2008 Dia telah menjadi seorang perawat di rumah sakit tersebut sejak 2008. - i have been good at English saya telah pintar berbahasa Inggris. - I have been busy in my office since this morning Saya telah sibuk di kantor saya sejak pagi tadi. 10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Tense is useful for menyatayakan something that has happened since the time past and continues until today and are currently being continue to be made in its completion. Predicate sentence consists of Verb I (plus ing) The formula was tense as beriku: Subject + Have / Has + Been + Verb I (plus ing) + object + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - He has been studying English in the classroom for two hours Dia telah belajar bahasa Inggeris di kelas sudah berlangsung 2 jam. - fadli has been staying in this hotel for almost a week fadli telah menginap di hotel ini sudah berlangsung hampir seminggu. - They have been painting the house since this morning. Mereka telah mengecat rumah itu sudah berlangsung sejak pagi tadi

11. Past Perfect Tense Tense is useful to express something that has been done on seselesai the past, prior to or during other events occur. a. Verbal Sentence Predicate verb phrase consists of a form III (Verb III) Its tense formula: Subject + Had + Verb + Object + III adverb of Place + adverb of Place example sentence: - He had gone to to the bus terminal when I arrived Dia telah pergi ke terminal bus itu ketika saya sampai. - Rini had taken the bag from my novel after I read it Rini telah mengambil novel itu dari tas saya setelah saya membacanya. b. Nominal Sentence Predicate consists of Noun / Adjective / adverb Its tense formula: Subject + Had + Been + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She had been sick for along time before She Died Dia telah sakit dalam jangka waktu yang lama sebelum Dia meninggal. - ucok had been back home before I came ucok telah sampai di rumah sebelum saya datang. 12. Past Continuous Tense Percfect Useful for to declare an event or events that have been being happened in the past at a time when certain events occur or when other the past. Predicate consists of Verb I (plus ing) Its tense formula as follows: Subject + had + been + Verb I (plus ing) + object + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - I had been repairing the car in the garage when the mechanic CAME Saya telah sedang memperbaiki mobil itu ketika montir itu datang. - He had been reading a newspaper in the library when I saw him yesterday morning Dia telah sedang membaca sebuah surat khabar di perpustakaan ketika saya melihat dia pagi kemaren. Note: Within each containing Perfect Continuous tenses, then "being" it's means "has been started, is still going on, and still continues", longer period, and it can now (present), can be used to (past) and could be coming (future)

13. Future Perfect Tense Tense is useful to reveal something that will have been completed in a certain time at a time when that will come. a. Verbal Sentence Predicate consists of a verb form III (Verb III) Its tense formula: Subject + will / Shall Have + Verb + Object + III + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - She will have finished the test in the office at three o'clock this afternoon Dia akan menyelesaikan test itu di kantor itu pada pukul tiga sore nanti. - I shall heve completed all my work by three o'clock tomorrow afternoon Saya akan menyelesaikan semua pekerjaan saya pada pukul tiga besok sore. - They will have slept soundly if We came to Their house at 11 o'clock toninght. Mereka akan telah tidur nyenyak jika kita sampai di rumah mereka pada pukul 11 nanti malam. b. Nominal Sentence Predicate sentence consists of Noun / Adjective / adverb Runus tense it: Subject + Will / Shall + Have + Been + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - anjar will heve been here three years next April 2nd anjar akan telah berada di sini selama tiga tahun pada tanggal 2 April mendatang - She will have been a doctor in the hospital two years next July 1st. Dia akan telah menjadi seorang dokter di rumah sakit itu selama dua tahun pada tanggal 1 Juli mendatang. 14. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Tense is useful to express the events that would have been, and still take place in the future. Predicate sentence consists of Verb I (plus ing) Its tense formula: Subject + Will / Shall + Have + Been + Verb I (plus ing) + object + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - I will have been swimming in the pool for 30 minutes at 9 tomorrow Saya akan telah sedang berenang di kolam itu selama 30 menit pada pukul 9 besok - I shall have been repairing the car in the garage for 15 minutes at 10 tomorrow. Saya akan telah sedang memperbaiki mobil itu selama 15 menit pada pukul 10 besok.

15. Future Past Perfect Tense Tense is specially useful for the modality in the past, where something should would have happened if at the time that a requirement has been met. a. Verbal Sentence Predicate verb phrase consists of a form III (Verb III) Its tense formula: Subject + Would / Shoul Have + Verb + Object + III + adverb + adverb of Place of Time b. Nominal Sentence Predicate consists of Noun / Adjective / adverb Its tense formula: Subject + would / Should + Have + Been + Noun / Adjective / adverb + adverb + adverb of Place of Time Example sentence: - He would have married Lisa if He had become a doctor three months ago. Dia akan telah menikahi Lisa seandainya Dia telah menjadi seorang dokter tiga bulan yang lalu. - fadli rina would have married two weeks ago if She hadn't got an accident. fadli telah akan menikahi meza dua minggu yang lalu seandainya Dia (rina) tidak mendapat kecelakaan. - She would have asked me to stay in her house if SHE had known I was here. Dia akan telah meminta saya untuk menginap di rumahnya seandainya Dia telah mengetahui Saya berada di sini. - fadli would have passed the examination if He had learned hard. fadli akan telah lulus ujian akhir seandainya Dia telah belajar sungguh- sungguh. - Aris would have been a lawyer last year if He had passed the test. Aris akan telah menjadi seorang pengacara tahun lalu seandainya Dia telah lulus test tersebut 16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense Tense is useful to declare an event or events will have been being occurred in the past. Predicate consists of Verb I (plus ing) Its tense formula: Subject + Would / Sholud + Have + Been + Verb I (plus ing) + + object + adverb adver of Place of Time Example sentence: - I would have been watcing on TV for 30 minutes when You called me last night. Saya akan telah sedang menonton TV selama 30 menit ketika kamu menelpon saya malam tadi.

- I would have been wating for you for about 30 minutes at this time yesterday. Saya akan telah sedang menunggu kamu selama kira-kira 30 menit pada saat waktu begini kemarin. - We should have been living in Medan for five years in June 2012 Kami akan telah sedang tinggal di Medan selama 5 tahun pada Juni 2012. Or: - When You called me last night, I would have been watcing on TV for 50 minutes. Ketika kamu menelpon saya malam tadi, Saya akan telah sedang menonton TV selama 50 menit. - At this time yesterday, I would have been wating for you for about 30 minutes. Pada saat waktu begini kemarin, Saya akan telah sedang menunggu kamu selama kira-kira 30 menit. - In June 2012, We should have been living in lubuklinggau for 5 years Pada Juni 2012, Kami akan telah sedang tinggal di lubuklinggau selama 5 tahun. B. ACTIVE MODAL FOR PRESENT OR FUTURE :

Active voice: CAN he can play a violin. he cannot play a violin. Can he play a violin? Active voice: MAY I may buy the computer. I may not buy the computer. May I buy the computer? Active voice: MIGHT Guests might play chess. Guests might not play chess. Active voice: SHOULD Students should study all lessons. Students should not study all lessons. Should students study all lessons? Active voice: MUST You must learn the test-taking strategies. You must not learn the test-taking strategies. Active voice: OUGHT TO They ought to take the examination. C. ACTIVE MODAL FOR PAST :

Active voice: MAY HAVE You may have availed the opportunity. You may not have availed the opportunity. Active voice: MIGHT HAVE He might have eaten meal. He might not have eaten meal. Active voice: SHOULD HAVE You should have studied the book. You should not have studied the book. Active voice: MUST HAVE He must have started job. He must not have started job. Active voice: OUGHT TO HAVE You ought to have helped him.

CHAPTER 3

A. CONCLUSION

Active voice is a sentence where the subject does an action or work, active voice more often used than passive voice in daily life, and active voice can used in conversation.

In active voice we learn there are 16 tenses, that are :

1. Simple Present Tense 2. Simple Present Continuous Tense 3. Simpe Past Tense 4. Simple Past Continuous Tense

5. Simple Future Tense

6. Simple Future Continuous Tense 7. Past Simple Future Tense

8. Past Continuous Simple Future Tense 9. Present Perfect Tense

10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 11. Past Perfect Tense

12. Past Continuous Tense Percfect 13. Future Perfect Tense

14. Future Perfect Continuous Tense 15. Future Past Perfect Tense

16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense

And in active voice there are modal for present or future such as can, may, might, should, must, ought to, and also there are modal for past such as may have, might have, should have, must have, ought to have.

B. SUGGESTIONS

We must always study hard if we want to be a smart teacher, and we must know about grammar in english language, because if we want use english language, we must know rule for used english language.

Active voice is very important, because in active voice we can know how to write and speak english with right, and there many tenses in active voice, all tenses in active voice very important to we used english language, and also modal in active voice very important, so we must study hard about grammar and active or passive voice.

PREFERENCES

kusumasuci, dian. 2010. Buku ajar bahasa inggris. Surakarta: cv citra pustaka.

http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm

http://sumberilmu-syofyan.blogspot.com/

http://seftiean.wordpress.com/2010/03/30/kalimat-aktif-active-voice/

ASSIGNMENT BY :

NAMA : MUHAMMAD FADLI SIREGAR

TTL : LUBUKLINGGAU, 02-12-1993

RIWAYAT PENDIDIKAN : - SD NEGRI 53 LUBUKLINGGAU

: - MTS NEGRI 1 LUBUKLINGGAU

: - MAN 1 (MODEL) LUBUKLINGGAU

: - STKIP PGRI LUBUKLINGGAU

HOBBY : FISHING AND TRAVELING

ALAMAT : JL. NANGKA LAMA RT : 04 NO : 30 LUBUKLINGGAU

“ IF YOU WANT TO BE A SMART TEACHER YOU MUST be

ALWAYS STUDY HARD “ IF YOU DEFAULT NOW BUT IT IS A BEGINNING TO

GET SUCCESSFULNESS”