active fire protectiondocx

8/13/2019 active fire protectiondocx

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1.0 Introduction

Fire can be form from a chemical reaction called combustion. Usually, fire will spread very quickly

around the buildings as fire will react with oxygen and make it grown bigger and spread widely.

Knowing the characteristics of fire and understanding how it can spread can help Architect, Engineers

and other professionals to formulate strategies on life safety and property protection in building

design.

Active fire protection is new systems that are installed at urban development to support the passive

fire protection. As now a day new development using the modern and unique material, the application

of active fire protection is need in each building. Therefore, this systems need to undergo spectacular

inspection, testing and commissioning by a pointed parties. Architect, Engineers and building

designers need to design this system according to the Uniform Building By laws (UBBL) to

produce standard design plan.

There are 8 type of active fire protection:-

i. Portable fire extinguisher- Intended for the occupants to use to extinguish a fire during its early stages before the fire

gets out of control.

ii. External fire hydrant- Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipework connected directly to the water

supply mains to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide

water for the firemen to fight a fire.

iii.Hose reels- Intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of a fire and comprises hose reel

pumps, fire water storage tank, hose reels, pipe work and valve.

iv.Dry risers

-Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are only required for building where the

topmost floor is higher than 18.3 m and less than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level.

Dry riser is normally dry and depend on the fire engine to pump water into the system.


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v. Wet risers-Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water. Required

for building where the topmost floor is higher than 30.5m above the fire appliance access

level.

vi.Downcomer system-Form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water from a

water tank located at the top of a building but without any pumps. Downcomers are only

permitted for private residential buildings with open balcony approach and where the topmost

floor is not higher than 60m above the fire appliance access level and should be adopted for

low cost flats only.

vii.Automatic sprinkler system-Intended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants of the occurrence of

fire. The installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets, sprinkler

heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipework and valves.

viii. Automatic carbon dioxide extinguishing system

-his system consists of carbon dioxide cylinders, steel piping, discharge nozzles, heat and

smoke detectors and a control panel, which monitors the space, activates both visual and

audio alarms before releasing the gas.


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2.0 Parties Involved Under Inspection, Testing And Commissioning On Active

Fire Protection System To Comply With Certificate Of Completion And

Compliance (CCC).

Definition of CCC

In April 2007, the Government had launched the improvement to the building delivery system to

enhance the competitiveness of Malaysia globally. This includes the issuance of the Certificate of

Completion and Compliance (CCC) by Professional Architects and Professional Engineers as well as

Building Draughtsman registered with the Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM) to replace the

Certificate of Fitness for Occupation (CFO) issued by the local authorities. This new system is an

effort towards self-certification and self-regulation approach in the construction industry.

The CCC will be issued by the professional Architect or Professional Engineer who are register with

the respective Board of Architect Malaysia (BAM) or Board of Engineer Malaysia(BEM) acting in

the capacity of Principal Submitting Person(PSP).For buildings which require intensive design input,

the Professional Architect will function as the PSP while the Professional Engineer will be PSP for

projects with high engineering input in the nature.

For bungalows which do not exceed 2 floors in height and 300 square meters in total built up floor

area, the registered Building Draughtsman will be perform the role of PSP and will issue the CCC.

This is in keeping with the Architect Act 1967.

The CCC can only be issued when all the parties concerned are satisfied that the building

construction have been supervised and completed in full compliance with the provisions of the law

and technical conditions as imposed by the Local Authority(LA) in approving the Planning

Permission and Building Plan.

PSP is responsible to obtain clearance from 6 technical agencies that will do inspection, testing and

commissioning on the building that is:

- Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia.

- Jabatan Kesihatan dan Keselamatan Pekerja(JKKP)

- Jabatan Kerja Raya(JKR)/Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan(PBT)

- Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)

- Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembentungan(JPP)/Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara(SPAN)

- Jabatan Bekalan Air(JBA)


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3.0 Certificated of completion and compliance issuing process


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4.0 Inspection, Testing and Commissioning By CCC Procedure

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Mechanical & Electrical Plan Inspection on site Letters of Support

b) Fixed Foam Monitory

*Passive Protection

a) Fire Resistant Door

b) compartment Wall

c) Roller Shutter

d) Fire Fighting Lobby

e) Party Wall

* Fire Warning and Active Protection

a) Fire Alarm

b) Wet & Dry Riser

c) Internal Hydrant

d) Breaching Inlet

* All parties involve must be

attend during the inspection and

testing such as architect,

consultant engineer, main

contractor, fi re contractor,

After inspection & testing work

done Bomba will i ssue support

of letter, and will be submite toPBT for approved for SP get CCC.

*Site Plan (Facilities for Fire Fighting)

During this stage SP can be apply

the application for testing but

make sure after:

* Architecture Plan and M & E

was approved by the bomba.

* Water supply approved by

'Jabatan Bekalan Air'.

* Have access to electricity

supply or generator.

* Construction Work and all the

condition have been complied

with the Bomba and the system

can function ful ly and properly

During this stage architect and

enginner consultant shall indicate

the Fire Protection System:

a) Hydrants located at eccess road

must be painted


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5.0 Duties of Parties Involve

Local Authority

Including PBT (Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan), Bomba, JKKP, JKR, TNB, JPP, SPAN, JBA main roles of

parties involve in issues of CCC (Certificated of Completion and compliance) following that:

To approve the planning permission To approve the building plan To conduct on-site inspection on own initiative or in response to complanints To issue notice to PSP to take action on any matter not in compliance with the provisions of law and

the technical conditions imposed in the planning permission and building plan.

To issue notice to the PSP to withhold the issuance of CCC until the non-compliance have beenrectified.

To issue the notice to PSP if non-compliance occurs but not reported to the LA. To charge the professional in court and report to the professional board for any wrong doing To charge the parties who have provided false certificated in the form specified in the UBBL 2007 To ensure that the safety of building exceeding 5 floor and aging 10 years from the date CCC is issue

are inspected every 10 years.

PSP (Principal Submitting Person)

Its qualified person including professional architect, professional engineer, or registered building

draughtsman registered they duties as following that:

Submit the building plan to the LA for approval using form A Coordinate the preparation commence and submission of other plans beside building plans Inform the LA though form B to construction operation at site To supervise construction works at the site and ensure that the provision of the law and technical

conditions imposed are complied with report, and explain the reasons.

Submit notice for the resumption of work through form B to the LA Submit the CCC to the owner or developer and copy of the said certificated to the LA and the

relevant Professional Board.


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6.0 Type Of Active Fire System

6.1 Portable Fire Extinguisher

Portable fire extinguishers are the elementary fire equipment used for the first aid fire fighting during the

initial fire incident to prevent escalation of fire to the full scale. The portable fire extinguishers should be

selected based on three criteria:

i.Type of fire accordance to the classificationii.The fire sizeiii. Placed at the suitable location in close proximity to the potential fire hazard

There are four types of portable extinguishers for use against the appropriate class of fire.

a)Water type suitable for class A firesb)Dry powder type suitable for Class A, B and C firesc)Carbon dioxide type suitable for Class E electrical firesd) Foam type suitable for Class B flammable liquid fires

Under the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, the requirement for fire extinguishers is stipulated under By-

Law 227. Portable fire extinguishers should comply with the following Malaysian Standards:

M.S.1179 : Specification for portable fire extinguishers M.S.1180 : Fire extinguishers media M.S.1181 : Recharging fire extinguishers M.S.1182 : Classification of fires M.S .1539 : Specification for portable fire extinguishers (Part 1: Construction and

test methodology

M.S .1539 : Specification for portable fire extinguishers (Part 3: Selection andapplication - Code of practice

M.S .1539 : Specification for portable fire extinguishers (Part 4: Maintenance ofportable fire extinguishers - Code of practice


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Inspection:

Check to ensure that the extinguisher is in a proper location and that it is accessible (generallylocated along exit routes besides exit doors and staircase door).

Inspect the discharge nozzle or horn for obstructions. Check for cracks and dirt or greaseaccumulations.

Inspect extinguisher shell for any physical damage. Check to see if the operating instructions on the extinguisher nameplate are legible. Check the lock pins and tamper seals to ensure that the extinguisher has not been tampered with. Determine if the extinguisher is full of agent and fully pressurized by checking the pressure gauge,

weighing the extinguisher, or inspecting the agent level. If an extinguisher is found to be deficient in

weight by 10percent, it should be removed from service and replaced.

Check the inspection tag for the date of the previous inspection, maintenance, or recharging. Examine the condition of the hose and its associated fittings


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Testing and commissioning are made by the manufacturer:

Fire Extinguisher Checked by JBPM

Pressure Gauge


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Visual inspection checklist:

Cylinder body should be red with medium colour coded in respective colour All label marking wordings, diagrams and pictograms shall be in white colour and shall be fully

visible from the font

Label should carry SIRIM product certificate logo Extinguishers shall have valid Fire and Rescue Department Approval Letter Each extinguishers shall have a valid Fire and Rescue Department H13 certificate Extinguishers meter indication should indicate adequate pressure (Green Zone) within the cylinder Cylinder body and valve should be rust free Safety pin should be in place and secured Discharge Hose should have no cracks


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6.2 External Fire Hydrant

Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipe work connected directly to the water supply mains to

provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is intended to provide water for the firemen to fight a

fire. The water is discharged into the fire engine from which it is not reliable or inadequate, hydrant pumps

should be provided to pressurize the fire mains.

The requirement for fire hydrant is described under By-Laws 225(2) and 225(3) of the Uniform Building

By-Laws 1984 and the relevant standards are as follows:

I. B.S.5306 Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian StandardII. M.S. 1395 : Specification for pillar hydrant

Water supplies

Inspection:

Incoming water supply connectionBe refilled automatically from a water supply pipe capable of providing a minimum flowrate of

1200 litres per min.

Capacity of water tanksThe fire water storage tank should be sized for a minimum effective capacity of 135,000 litre

Compartmentation of water tanks, and where applicable.Hydrant tank usually separate from other water storage tanks but may be combined with water

storage tanks for other fire fighting systems.

Breeching inlet.A four way breeching inlet should also be provided to enable the fire brigade to help refill the

tank.


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Testing and Commissioning

Pump operating pressure and flow rateThe running pressure of not less than 4 bars or more than 7 bars, for any three hydrant outlets

operating at the same time.

Pump not overheatingPump room should be ventilated by natural or mechanical.

Vibration and noise level Testing of electrical wiring system Alternative power supply for electric pumps

Electrical cabling should be run in conduit or fire rated type of cable.

Batteries for diesel pumpsShould be maintenance free type.

Fuel for diesel pumpsFuel supply should be adequate for minimum 2 hours operation.

Hydrant and Accessories

Pillar hydrant should comply with M.S. 1395 and located at not less than 6 metres from the building and not

more than 30m away from the entrance to the building.

Hydrant outlets are typically of twin or 3 outlets pillar type with an underground sluice valve. Where these

are installed within the owners boundry, each should provided with 30m of 65mm diameter rubber lined

hose, instantaneous coupling and nozzles, all housed within a steel cabinet beside the hydrant.

Inspection:

Spacing of the hydrantHydrant are spaced at not more than 90 meters apart along access roads of minimum 6 meters in

width and capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons from fire brigade vehicles. Physical condition of hydrant, hoses and accessories.

Hydrant hose usually rubber-lined, should be provided complete with nozzles at each outlet.


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Testing and Commissioning:

Pressure and flow characteristics.Capable of providing 1000 l/min of water at a minimum running pressure of 4 bars but not

exceeding 7 bars.

Pipe work

Inspection:

Types of pipes usedThe piping is usually of cement lined steel pipe. However, piping of Acrylonitrile Butadiece

Styrene(ABS) material may also been used especially where corrosion is a major concern.


Hydrostatic testing and pipeworkLocate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels.

tested to a pressure of 14 bars or 150% working pressure, whichever is the higher for 2 hours,

measured at the furthest hydrant.

Flushing of pipeworkHydrant flushing plays an important role in the operation and maintenance of a water distribution

system.

Hydrant flushing also provides an opportunity to check the volume of water as well as pressure that

is available at each hydrant. The hydrants mechanical operation is also checked to ensure it will be

in working order when needed Fire Fighters depend on properly working hydrants with adequate

pressure and water flow. A stuck or poor flowing hydrant could literally make the difference between

life and death in an emergency situation.


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External Fire Hydrant


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Pressurized Hydrant System Typical Arrangement Drawing


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Design checklist

a) At least one hydrant is provided at location not more than 91.5 m from the nearest point of firebrigade access.

b) A minimum flow rate of 500 litres/minute at running preassure of 4 to 7 bars is maintained at eachof the hydrant outlet when three numbers of the furthest hydrant are used

c) Water source : Pump suction tank Public water main Others _____________________

d) Water tank capacity: ____________________me) Water supply duration : __________________hours


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6.3 Hose Rail System

Hose reel system is intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of a fire and comprises hoses

reel pumps, fire water storage tank, hose reels, pipe work and valves.

The requirement for hose reel system is detailed under the Tenth Schedule of the Uniform Building By-

Laws 1984. The applicable standards for hose reel systems are following:

I. BS 5306 Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysia standardII. M.S 1489 : Hydrant system, hose reels and foam inlets

III. M.S 1447 : Hose reels with semi-rigid hoseIV. M.S 1488: Semi-rigid hoses for first aid fixed installation.

Water Supplies

Inspection:

Capacity of water tanksThe fire storage tank should be size based on 2275 liters for the first hose reel and 1137.5 liters

for every additional hose reel up to a maximum of 9100 liters for each system.

Monitoring of water tank level.Compartment and water level indicator should be provided, and minimum flow rate of 150 l/min.

Vortex inhibitors for water tanks.

Pipe Work

Inspection:

Type of pipes usedPipe work for hose reel system is generally 50mm nominal diameter and the feed to individual

hose reel should be not less than 25mm diameter.

Should be galvanized steel medium grade (class B) minimum for above ground piping and heavy

grade (class C) for underground piping.

Protection of underground pipe work Painting of pipe work

The pipes should be painted with primer and finished with red paint.


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Support for pipe work Pipe sleeves Fire seal

Testing and commissioning:

a) Hydrostatic testing and pipe workLocated leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels.

b) Flushing of pipe workPipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system,

and help to uncover potential problem with valve.

Hose reel and Accessories

Inspection:

Isolating valve for hose reel Physical condition of hose reel drum, hose, nozzles, etc

The rubber hoses should be to pr EN 694 and are typically 30mm in length and 25mm in

diameter. Nozzles should be of the jet and spray adjustable type of different diameters but 8mm is

recommended size.


Hose reel performance testEach hose reel outlet is to discharge a minimum of 30 l/min of water within 6m of all parts of the

space protection.


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Pump

Inspection:

Protection of rotating parts of pump setsThe hose reel pumps draw water from the fire water storage tank and two sets pumps, one on duty

and the other on standby, are provided.


Pump operating pressure and flow rateThe pump capacity is usually sized to deliver a flow rate of 120 l/min at a running pressure of not

less than 2 bars for any four hose reels operating at the same time.

Pump not overheatingPump room should be ventilated by natural or mechanical.

Testing of electrical wiring systemElectrical cabling supply power to the hose reel pump should be run in galvanized steel conduit or

fire rated type of cable.

Alternative power supply for electric pumpsEmergency generator

Batteries for diesel engine should be maintenance free type.


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Hose Reel System Typical Arrangement Drawing

Hose Reel Hoses, Nozzles and Pump


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6.4 Dry Riser System

Dry riser are a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are only required for building where

the top most floor is higher than 18.3m and than 30.5m above the fire appliance access level. Dry risers

are normally dry and depend on the fire engine to pump water into the system. Dry riser system

comprises a riser pipe with landing valves to each floor and to which rubber-linned hose with nozzles can

be connected to direct the water jet at the fire. Breaching inlets into which the firemen pump water are

provided at ground level and connected to the bottom of the dry risers.

In the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, pertaining to dry riser are By-Laws 230 and 232. The relevant

standards for dry riser are:

I. B.S 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysia standard.II. M.S 1210: Part 2 landing valves for dry risers

III. M.S 1210: Part 3 inlet breaching for riser inletsIV. M.S 1210: Part 4 boxes for landing valves for dry riser

Water Supplies

Inspection:

Two way breeching inlet for a 100mm diameter 4 way breeching inlet for a 150mm diameter Located not more than 18m from the fire appliance access road and not more than 30m from the

nearest external hydrant outlet.

Landing Valves

Inspection:

Location of valvesThey are usually located within fire access lobbies, protected staircase or other protected lobbies,

and installed at not more than 0.75m above floor level.

Caps for outlet of landing valves.


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Pipe Work

Usually located within the fire access lobby or staircase should be 150mm if the highest outlet is more

than 23m above the breeching inlet. Otherwise, the riser pipe can be 100mm in diameter.

Inspection:

Type of pipes usedThe riser should be of galvanized iron to (heavy gauge) or class C, tested to 21 bars.

Protection underground pipe work Painting of pipe work

The pipes should be painted with primer and finished with red paint.

Support of pipe work Pipe sleeves Fire seal


Hydrostatic testing and pipe workLocated leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels.

Tested to a pressure of 14 bars 2 hours.

Flushing of pipe workPipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system,

and help to uncover potential problem with valves.


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Cross Section View of Dry Riser System Landing Valve Dry Riser System

Two Way and Four Way Breeching Inlet


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6.5 Wet Riser System

Wet risers are a form of internal for the firemen to use and are always charged with water. Wet riser are

only required for building where the topmost floor is higher than 30.5m above the fire appliance access

level.

Wet rises system comprises duty fire pump with standby pump discharging into a 150mm diameter riser

pipe with landing valves at each floor and which rubber-linned hose with nozzles can be connected to

direct the water jet at the fire. A jockey pump I usually provide to maintain system pressure. For high rise

building, each stage of the wet riser should not exceed 71m.

The requirement for wet riser system are described in Uniform Building By-Law 1984 under By-Laws

231,232 and 248. Other applicable standard are:

I. B.S 5306: Part 1, or equivalent Malaysia standardII. M.S 1210: Part 1 landing valves for wet riser

III. M.S 1210: Part 3 inlet breeching for riser inletsIV. M.S 1210: Part 4 boxes for landing valves for dry risers

Water Supplies

Inspection:

Capacity of water tankThe storage water tank should be sized for minimum effective capacity of 45,500 liters with

automatic refill rate of 455 l/min. the intermediate break tank for upper stages of the wet riser

should be not less than 11,375 liter with an automatic make up flow 1365 l/min

Location of water tanksWater wet riser tanks may be located on the ground floor, first or second basement. It usuallyseparated from other water storage tanks. But it may be combined with hose reel tank, in which

case the tank capacity should be the total sum of water storage for both systems.

Monitory of water tank levelBall float valves, over flow pipes, drain pipes and water level indicator should be provided for

each component.

Vortex inhibitor for water tanks


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Breeching inletThe breeching inlet should be a 4 way type complying, where the breeching inlet is enclosed

within a box, the enclosure.

Landing Valves and Accessories

Inspection:

Location of landing valveLanding valves are provided on each floor and should comply. They are usually located within

fire fighting access lobbies, protected staircases or other protected lobbies and installed at not

more that 0.75m from the floor.

Storage of fire hose, accessories Physical condition of fire hose, accessories and landing valve

Fire hose of the rubber lined type of not less than 38mm dia. 30mm in length, complete with

65mm diameter quick coupling, jet and spray nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside

each landing valve.

Caps for outlet of landing.Testing and commissioning:

Pressure at landing valve outletShould not be less than 4 bars but not more than 7 bars.

Two types of landing valve that is pressure reducing type with or without relief outlet.

Flow rate of waterThree ways landing valve should be provided on the top most floor for testing purpose.

Itsto measure the flow rate.


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Pipe work

Inspection:

Type of pipe usedWhere more than one riser is required for each floor, the distance apart between the lowest and

topmost landing valve in any riser should galvanized iron to (heavy gauge) or class C. where a

relief pipe is required, this return pipe shall be minimum 100mm diameter galvanized iron to

(medium gauge) or class B, discharging back to the wet riser tank wherever possible. An air

release valve should be installed at the top of riser to relieve air trapped in the system.

Protection under pipe work Painting of pipe work

The pipes should be painted with primer and finished with res paint

Support for pipe work Pipe sleeves Fire seal


Hydrostatic testing and pipe workLocate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels.

Flushing pipe is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system,and help to uncover potential problems with valves.

Pumps

The wet riser pumps draw water from wet riser storage tank and two sets of pumps, one is duty and the

other on standby, are provided.

Inspection:

Protection of rotating parts Mounting of pumps


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Pump operating pressure and flow rateThe pump capacity is usually sized to deliver a flow rate of 1500 l/min at a running pressure of

not less than 4 bars but not more than 7 bars, when any three landing valves are in use at the same

time.

Pump not overheatingPump room should also be ventilated by natural or mechanical means and to be provided with

necessary signage.

Vibration and noise levelProvided room or protect with curtain.

Testing of electrical wiring systemElectrical cabling to supply power to the wet riser pumps should be of mineral insulated cooper

core (MICC) or fire rated type.

Alternative power supply for electric pumpsEmergency generator.

Batteries for diesel pumpShould be free maintenance type

Fuel for diesel pumpShould be adequate minimum 2 hours of continuous operation.


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Wet Riser Pump Hoses Cradle

Fire water tank


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6.6Downcomer System

Downcomers are also a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always charged with water

from water from a water tank located at the top of a building but without any pumps. Downcomers are

only permitted for private residential buildings with open balcony approach and where the topmost floor

is not higher than 60m above the fire appliance access level and should be adopted for low cost flats only.

Downcomer system comprises a high level water storage tank discharging into a 150mm diameter riser

pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which rubber lined hose with nozzles can be connected to

direct the water jet at the fire. No pumps are provided and therefore the system pressure is limited to the

static pressure only.

The section in the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, relating to downcomer systems is the Tenth

Schedule and relevant standards for downcomer systems are:

I. M.S 1210 : Part 1Landing Valves for Wet RisersII. M.S 1210 : Part 3Inlet Breeching for Riser Inlets

III. M.S 1210 : Part 4Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers

Water supplies

Inspection:

Capacity of water tanksThe fire water storage tank should be sized for a minimum effective capacity of 45,500 litres.

Location of water tanks, and where applicable.Located at the roof

Separate with other tank, however it may be combined with hose reel tank in which case the tank

capacity should be sum total of water storage for both system.


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Breeching inlet.The fire brigade breeching inlets into which the firemen pump water are provided at the bottom of

the riser at the ground floor so that the firemen can pump water into the downcomer system. The

breeching inlet should be a 4 way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3. Where the breeching

inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 and labeled

Downcomer Inlet. A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after

use.


Flow rate and pressure of water suppliesAutomatic refill rate of 455 l/min.

Landing Valves and Accessories

Two sets of fire hose of the rubber lined type of not less than 38mm dia., 30m in length, complete with

65mm dia. quick coupling, jet and spray nozzle should be provided at the caretakers unit or management

office.

Inspection:

Location of landing valvesLanding valves are provided on each floor and should comply with M.S 1210: Part 1. They are

usually located within fire fighting access lobbies, protected staircase or other protected lobbies

and installed at not more than 0.75m from the floor. To protect the landing valves, boxes can be

provided and these should comply with M.S.1210 : Part 4.

Storage of fire hose and accessoriesLocated at caretaker unit or management office.

Physical condition of fire hose, accessories and landing valve. Caps for outlet of landing valves


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Pipework

The downcomer mains are usually located within smoke free lobbies or protected areas and such that

each downcomer should cover no more than 900m2 of floor area. Where more than one riser is required

for each floor, the distance apart between the risers should not exceed 60m.

Inspection:

Types of pipes usedThe riser pipe diameter should be 150mm galvanized iron to B.S.1387(heavy gauge) or Class C.

an air release valve should be installed at the top of the riser to relieve air trapped in the system.

Painting of pipe workCoated with primer and finished with red gloss paint.

Support for pipe work


Hydrostatic testing and pipe workPressure at 14 bars or 150% the working pressure, whichever is the higher for 2 hours, measured

at the inlet and check is carried out for leakage at the joints and landing valve connections.

Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels.

Flushing of pipe workPipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system,

and help to uncover potential problems with valve.


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Water Storage Tank

Breeching Inlet Two Way And Four Way Landing Valve


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6.7 Automatic Sprinkler System

An automatic sprinkler system is intended to detect, control and extinguish a fire, and warn the occupants

of the occurrence of fire. The installation comprises fire pumps, water storage tanks, control valve sets,

sprinkler heads, flow switches, pressure switches, pipework and valves. The system operates

automatically without human intervention. The sprinkler head has a liquid filled glass filled glass bulb

that breaks due to the heat of the fire and releases water that sprays over the fire. There are various type

of sprinkler systems :

i. Wet pipe installationThe pipework is filled with water and ready to discharge once the sprinkler bulb breaks.

ii. Dry pipe installationThe pipe is always filled with air under pressure. Air is released when the sprinkler bulb breaks

and water fill the pipe and is discharge at the sprinkler head.

iii. Pre action installationThe pipe works is charged with air under pressure and a valve is opened to fill the system with

water when the fire is detected by smoke or heat detector.

iv. Deluge installationThe sprinkler head is normally has no bulb and water is discharge simultaneously from all the

head when fire is detected and the deluge valve is opened.

Under the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, By-Laws 226 and 228 refer to the requirements for sprinkler

systems. The accepted standards for automatic sprinkler installation are:

LPC Rules for Automatic Sprinklers, U.K B.S 5306 : Part 2Specification for Sprinkler systems

In addition to the above, the other standards may be accepted by the Fire and Rescue Department

Malaysia but prior approval must be obtained. Some of the standards which have been accepted are:

B.S EN 12845 : 2003Automatic Sprinkler systemDesign, installation and maintance. NFPA 13 Australian Std A.S. 2118 Factory Mutual


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Water supplies

Inspection:

Capacity of sprinkler tanks.Storage of sprinkler tank not dependent on inflow should have a minimum effective capacity

depending on the hazard classification and the height of the lowest to the highest sprinkler

not exceeding as defined in B.S 5306 : Part 2.

Compartmentation of sprinkler tanksThe nominal pressure and flow requirements depend on the height measured between the topmost

and bottommost sprinkler head.

Monitoring of water tank level. Vortex inhibitors for water tanks Protection of rotating parts of pump sets

The sprinkler pumps draw water from sprinkler storage tank to feed the sprinkler network. Two

sets of pumps, one on duty and the other on standby, are provided together with a jockey pump to

maintain system pressure.

Mounting of pump sets. Breeching inlet.

Breeching inlets are provided so that the firemen can pump water into the sprinkler tank to

make up for water used. The breeching inlet should be a 4 way type complying with

M.S.1210: Part 3. Where the breeching inlet is enclosed within a box, the enclosure should

comply with M.S.1210: Part 5 and labeled Sprinkler Inlet.


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Pump operating pressure and flow rateSprinkler pump capacity should be selected to meet the duties defined in B.S.5306 : Part 2

for the various classes of hazards.

Pump not overheatingShould be ventilated by natural or mechanical means.

Vibration and noise levelProvide room or seal with curtain.

Testing of electrical wiring systemElectrical cabling to supply power to sprinkler pumps should be of mineral insulated copper

core (MICC) or fire rated type routed within areas with low fire risk.

Alternative power supply for electric pumpsEmergency generator

Batteries for diesel pumpShould be free maintenance type.

Fuel for diesel pumpsFuel supply should be adequate for minimum 4 hours of continuous operation for Ordinary

Hazard and 6 hours for High Hazard applications.

Automatic operation of pumps

Sprinkler Heads

Inspection:

Area of coverageMaximum and minimum distance between sprinklers

Maximum and minimum distance between from walls/partitions

Distance from beams, columns and other obstructions

Obstruction below sprinklers

Depth and combustibility of ceiling void

Clear space below sprinklers


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Physical condition of sprinkler headsSprinkler heads are generally of the conventional pendant or upright type.

Temperature rating of sprinkler headsThe temperature rating of the bulb is selected based on minimum 30C above the maximum

ambient temperature of the space protected. Typically, this will result in a nominal

temperature rating of 68C. in kitchen areas, the sprinkler heads should have a temperature

rating of 79C.

Sprinkler guards Spare sprinklers and sprinkler spanners

Pipework

Inspection:

Types of pipes usedSprinkler pipework shall be of black steel or galvanized iron to B.S.1387 (Medium gauge)

Class B minimum while underground pipework should be heavy gauge of Class C.

Pipes of sizes 80mm and below should be installed with screw joints and only pipes 100mm

and above may be welded. Welding procedures and materials shall be in accordance with

B.S.2640 and B.S.2971 and should be carried out by qualified welders.

Radiographic tests should be carried out where doubts exist. Alternatively, mechanical grooved

coupling can be used for jointing for all pipe sizes up to 250mm.

Protection of underground pipework Painting of pipework

Coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint.

Number of sprinklers installed on range and distribution pipes. Pipe hangers and supports for pipework Pipe sleeves Fire seal Flow switches Total length of pipework between alarm valve and water alarm gong


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Flushing of pipeworkPipe flushing is done to improve water quality at the tap, increase the efficiency of the system,

and help to uncover potential problems with valves

Spray pattern of sprinkler Alarm gong operating Flow switches test

Each zone should be tested by opening the isolation valve on the test line. The flow switch

for that zone should indicate an alarm on the fire alarm panel.

Zone monitoring (tamper switch) Static pressure test

The system should first be flushed to clear all debris from the inside of the riser. The riser is then

hydraulically tested to a pressure of 14 bars or 150% the working pressure, whichever is the

higher for 24hours.

Locate leaks or verify performance and durability in pressure vessels


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Boxes Flow Switch

Sprinkler Guard


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Size of Sprinkler Head

Types of Sprinkler Head Sprinkler


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Sprinkler System Typical Arrangement.


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6.8 Automatic Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System

Carbon Dioxide extinguishing system consists of carbon dioxide cylinders, steel piping,

discharge nozzles, heat and smoke detector and a control panel, which monitors the space,

activates both visual and audio alarms before releasing the gas.

The carbon dioxide is discharged after a time delay upon detection of fire to warn any occupant

to evacuate the room. Such system is usually provided for electrical transformer rooms,

swicthrooms and standby generator rooms and should not be installed for rooms, which are

normally occupied.

The relevant clause in the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, relating to carbon dioxide

extinguishing systems is By-Law 235 and the applicable standard is:

MS 1590 :2003

Cylinders

All cylinders supplying the same manifold outlet for distribution of agent should be

interchangeable and of one selected size.

Inspection:

Capacity of cylindersA reliable means of indication by weighing should be provided to determine the amount

of gas in the cylinders.

The Carbon Dioxide gas is stored in cylinders designed to hold the gas in liquefied form

at ambient temperatures. Cylinders should be suitable for a working pressure of 59 bars at

21C and pressure tested at 228 bars.

Where more than three cylinders are required,


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Pilot cylindersA pilot cylinder should be provided to active the discharge from each cylinder.

Location of cylinders

Gas cylinders should be located outside of the hazard which it protects wherever possible.

However, the risk of vandalism should also be taken into consideration.

Flexible hoses Safety valve Support bracket Weighing facility

Each system should have a permanent name plate specifying the number, filling weight

and the pressurization level of the cylinders.

Pipework

Inspection:

Types of pipes usedThe material of piping and fittings, etc. for the installation of the system must be of non-

combustible heat resisting and must have capacity to maintain its own shape in room

temperature during the outbreak of fire. All piping should be of API Schedule 40/80 steel

pipe. Flexible piping, tubing or hoses (including connection) where used should be able

to withstand the pressure ratings.

Painting of pipework Support for pipework Pipe sleeves Fire seal Nozzles


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Pneumatic testing of pipeworkPneumatic leak testing at low pressure followed by hydraulic pressure testing

Due to the inherent dangers associated with pneumatic testing using compressed air or

inert gas, a responsible person must be in charge of this operation at all times. This

person should direct the preparations and supervise the application of the test by working

to a pre-prepared written plan based on the risk assessment. A written record of the test

showing the system designed working pressure, the test pressure and duration should be

kept and, at the conclusion of the test, this person must verify that the system is safely

depressurised and ready for safe operation at the design working pressure.

Pneumatic leak test procedureEnsure that all rooms through which the piping passes are cleared of people, then

pressurise the system to the leak test pressure (normally 20m bar, but a pressure of up to

0.5bar could be used).

Wait at least 10 minutes, checking the gauge for pressure drop, and if necessary walk

the route of the piping under test checking for leaks using leak detecting fluid.

Once the leak test is passed, release the air pressure slowly and then carry out the normal

hydraulic test.


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Detectors

The automatic detection is usually by means of either heat or smoke detectors. The detectors

should be resistant to corrosion.

Inspection:

physical condition of detector conduit for all wiring


Detector test Electrical wiring test Interfacing of detectors and control panel

Panel

The system control panel should indicate the operation of the system, hazrds to personnel, or

failure of any supervised device and complying with M.S. 1404 and B.S. 7273. A positive alarm

and indicator should be provided to show that the system has operate

Inspection:

Protection of panel Mounting of panel


LED test 1 zone alarm test 2 zone alarm test Discharge test Fault test Connection to main fire alarm


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Accessories

Alarm should be provided to give warning of a discharge or pending discharge where a hazard to

personnel may exist. Alarms indicating failure of supervised devices or equipment should give

prompt and positive indication of any failure and should be distinctive from alarms indicating

operational hazardous conditions.

Warning and instruction signs should be installed at entrances to and inside protected areas at

prominent positions.

Inspection:

Flashing lights Tripping devices Signage Visible and audible alarms Electrical and mechanical manual activation.

System

The quantity of extinguishing agent should be sufficient to ensure rapid extinction of any fire in

the protected areas and with adequate spare capacity. Test should go under:


Simulated automatic discharge test Simulated manual discharge test Actual discharge test Bracket support during actual discharge test


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Design Checklist

a) Hazard type: Flammable liquid materials Electical hazard Ordinary combustibles (paper, wood,textile) Hazards solids Others :__________

b) Type of fire to be protected from: Deep seated fire ( solid subject to smouldering) Surface fie ( flammable liquid, gas and solids) Others : _________

c) Type of protection Total flooding system Volume to be protected : _________m Design carbon dioxide concetration : __________ % Volume factor :__________ Flooding factor :_________ System discharge rate :__________kg/minute


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Automatic Fire Curtain

Control Panel and Indicator Lights


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Carbon Dioxide Cylinder and Pilot cylinder


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7.0 Conclusion

Fire protection system in building is most of importance requirement to secure the safety of the

occupants. Good system design according to the requirements can reduce the risk of accidents

and deaths involving occupants in the buildings. Fire protection system usually apply in

Malaysia usually refer Uniform Building By Laws 1984, which is stated more detail and

requirement need for construct building in Malaysia and other parties refer its Jabatan Bomba

dan Penyelamat requirement to provided approval fire protection system in building. However

now they are having new procedure approval which CCC (Certificate of Compliance and

Compliance) before this is CFO (Certificate of Fitness for Occupation), CCC [ Certificate of

Completion and Compliance ] is building certificates issued by the professional as a Professional

Architect registered with LAM , a registered Professional Engineer with BEM and / or registeredBuilding Draughtsman with LAM as Principal Submitting Person [ the Principal Submitting

Person = PSP ] as has been defined or provided by the Street, Drainage and Building

(Amendment 2007) ( Act A1286 - which is an Act to amend the Street , Drainage and Building

Act 1974 ) , the Law of the Uniform Building 1984 [ Revised 2007 ] [ UBBL ] , which is

responsible for overseeing the construction process , to verify the completed building is safe and

fit for occupation in which its construction is in full compliance with the provisions of the law,

approved building plan and also the conditions set by the local authority approval stage plans .

This interpretation aims to distinguish between the roles of professionals with parties such as

contractors or other professionals involved in the project. SIMULTANEOUS or CCC can be

issued together with the production Vacant Possession Notice ( Notice of Vacant Possession ) -

This will shorten the waiting time to enter the building by the owner / buyer of the building.

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