ActionPlan Maharastra- Horticulture

7/27/2019 ActionPlan Maharastra- Horticulture

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 ANNUAL PLAN OF ACTION UNDER NATIONAL HORTICUCLTURE MISSION 2005-06......... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 11.2 ACHIEVEMENT OF STATES IN HORTICULTURE ........................................................................................11.3 STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................................2

1.3.1 Fruit crops ............. ............ ............. ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ 21.3.2 Vegetables.........................................................................................................................................21.3.3 Floriculture.. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............ .......... 21.3.4 Aromatic plants.... ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. . 21.3.5 Irrigation ............ ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ........... ............. .... 31.3.6 Marketing......... ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ..... 31.3.7 Food Processing ........... ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ....... 3

2 MAHARASHTRA STATE HORTICULTURE MISSION .....................................................................4

2.1 MISSION OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................................42.2 STRATEGY FORMAHARASHTRA STATE HORTICULTURE MISSION .........................................................52.3 BASIS FORCLUSTERIDENTIFICATION .................................................................................................... 52.4 IDENTIFIED CLUSTERS FORAREA EXPANSION ....................................................................................... 62.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 72.6 GRAPES.................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.6.1 Indian Scenario........ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ .......... 72.6.2 Season of availability........................................................................................................................ 82.6.3 Demand..... ............. ............ ............. ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ 82.6.4 Marketing......... ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ..... 82.6.5 Domestic marketing ........... ............. ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ 82.6.6 Exports and its potential ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... .... 92.6.7 Varieties cultivated ...........................................................................................................................92.6.8 Action plan of development......... ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... .. 10

2.7 MANGO ................................................................................................................................................ 112.7.1 Comparative advantages of Maharashtra ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ 112.7.2 Major constraints in Mango production... ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ 112.7.3 Action plan for development ........... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 122.7.4 Marketing......... ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ... 152.7.5 Export potential ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ........... ............. .. 15

2.8 CASHEW NUT ....................................................................................................................................... 162.8.1 Demand and supply patterns .................. ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ........... ............. .. 162.8.2 Marketing......... ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ... 162.8.3 Import / Export Trends ........... ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ...... 172.8.4 Action plan for development ........... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 17

2.9 SAPOTA................................................................................................................................................ 192.9.1 Comparative advantage of Sapota.. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 192.9.2 Varietal status................................................................................................................................. 192.9.3 Action plan for development ........... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 192.9.4 Marketing......... ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ... 202.9.5 Exports and its potential ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... .. 21

2.10 POMEGRANATE .................................................................................................................................... 212.10.1 Comparative advantage............... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 21

2.10.2 Action plan for development....... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 212.10.3 Marketing ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 222.10.4 Exports .............. ............ ............. ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 23

2.11 BANANA ..............................................................................................................................................232.11.1 State Scenario............................................................................................................................. 232.11.2 Comparative advantages of Maharastra Banana........... ............. ............. ........... ............. .......... 232.11.3 Action plan for development....... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 242.11.4 Marketing ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 242.11.5 Domestic marketing...... ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ 252.11.6 Exports and export potential ............ ............ ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ... 25

2.12 CITRUS................................................................................................................................................. 262.12.1 Sweet Orange ............................................................................................................................. 26


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2.12.2 Mandarin Orange...... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ........... ............. .. 262.12.3 Action plan for development....... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 262.12.4 Marketing ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 29

2.13 VEGETABLE SEED PRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................302.13.1 Public sector.... ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ 312.13.2 Private sector ............... ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ 312.13.3 Seed Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................31

2.13.4 Establishment of new gardens: Flowers... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 322.14 CREATION OF WATERRESOURCES.......................................................................................................342.15 PROTECTED CULTIVATION................................................................................................................... 36

2.15.1 Green house................................................................................................................................ 362.15.2 Mulching............ ............ ............. ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 372.15.3 Shade net .................................................................................................................................... 372.15.4 Plastic tunnels .................. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 38

2.16 PRECISION FARMING............................................................................................................................ 412.16.1 GIS and Remote Sensing in Horticulture............... ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 41

2.17 PROMOTION OF IPM/INM................................................................................................................... 422.17.1 Sanitary and Phyto- Sanitary Inspection and Certification...... ............. ............. ............ ............ 422.17.2 Phyto-sanitary certificate ........... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 422.17.3 Disease Forecasting Units ............. ........... ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ...... 432.17.4 Plant Health Clinics .......... ............. ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ...... 432.17.5

Leaf / Tissue Analysis Lab ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............. ............ ........ 44

2.17.6 Organic Farming........................................................................................................................442.17.7 Vermi compost unit.....................................................................................................................452.17.8 Certification ...............................................................................................................................45

2.18 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 462.18.1 Foreign Study Tour ............. ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ............. ... 472.18.2 Human resource development in Agri Export Zone ............ ............ ............. ........... ............. ...... 472.18.3 HRD training for promotion of export ............ ........... ............. ............. ............ ........... ............. .. 472.18.4 Pollination Support Through Bee- keeping .......... ............. ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 472.18.5 Technology Dissemination Through Demonstrations/ Front Line demonstration ........... .......... 482.18.6 Demonstrations on farmers fields............ ........... ............. ............ ............. ........... ............. .......... 482.18.7 Front line Demonstrations on public sector farms............ ............ ............ ............. ............ ........ 49

2.19 CREATION OF MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 492.19.1 Wholesale/ Terminal market at Igatpuri, Nasik ............ ........... ............. ............. ............ ............ 512.19.2 Rural market/ Direct Markets .......... ............ ............. ........... ............. ............ ............. ............. ... 522.19.3 Functional Infrastructure for Collection, Grading etc ............ ............. ............ ........... ............. .. 522.19.4 Market led extension, awareness training and evaluation ............. ........... ............. ............ ........ 52

2.20 ECONOMICS OF THE PROPOSAL ............................................................................................................ 532.21 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 53


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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1DISTRICT AND CROP MATRIX FOR AREA EXPANSION..................................................................................6TABLE 2AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPE IN INDIA .................................................................... 7TABLE 3PERIOD OF AVAILABILITY OF GRAPES........................................................................................................8TABLE 4CULTIVARS OF GRAPES CULTIVATED IN INDIA .......................................................................................... 9TABLE 5INTERVENTION FOR GRAPES ....................................................................................................................11

TABLE 6INTERVENTIONS FOR MANGO .................................................................................................................. 15TABLE 7INTERVENTION FORCASHEW .................................................................................................................. 18TABLE 8INTERVENTIONS FORSAPOTA.................................................................................................................. 20TABLE 9INTERVENTION FORPOMEGRANATE........................................................................................................22TABLE 10INTERVENTION FORBANANA ................................................................................................................ 24TABLE 11INTERVENTION FOR SWEET ORANGE...................................................................................................... 27TABLE 12INTERVENTION FORMANDARIN ORANGE .............................................................................................. 28TABLE 13INTERVENTION FORKAGZI LIME...........................................................................................................29TABLE 14INTERVENTION FOR FLORICULTURE ...................................................................................................... 34TABLE 15PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PROGRAMME FOR WATER RESOURCES .........................................................35TABLE 16PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PROGRAMME OF COMMUNITY TANKS FOR2005-06 .................................... 35TABLE 17PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PROGRAMME FOR HITECH GREEN HOUSE ..................................................... 36TABLE 18 PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PROGRAMME FOR NORMAL GREEN HOUSE ................................................... 37TABLE 19PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PROGAMME FOR MULCHING ........................................................................ 37

TABLE 20PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PROGRAMME FOR SHADE NET......................................................................38TABLE 21PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL PROGRAMME FOR PLASTIC TUNNELS ........................................................... 38TABLE 22DISTRICT-WISE/COMPONENT-WISE PROPOSED PROGRAMME AND FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT UNDER

NHM FORPROTECTED CULTIVATION...........................................................................................................39TABLE 23FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT FOR EACH LABORATORY .............................................................................. 42TABLE 24STATEMENT SHOWING THE DETAILS OF FACILITIES REQUIRED FORPHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATE

ISSUING AUTHORITIES .................................................................................................................................. 43TABLE 25PROPOSED PROGRAMME OF ORGANIC FARMING................................................................................... 45TABLE 26FARMERS TRAING.................................................................................................................................. 46TABLE 27OFFICERS TRAINING.............................................................................................................................. 47


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1 ANNUAL PLAN OF ACTION UNDER NATIONAL HORTICUCLTURE MISSION 2005-

06

1.1 Background Information

Maharashtra is the third largest state in respect of area and second in terms of population.

The rural population of the state is 61.3 % (4.84 crore) of the total population and the litercy

rate is 64.9 %. The geographical area of the state is 308 lakh hectares. The total gross

cropped area is 224 lakh hectares of which 176 lakh hectares is under net crop.

Maharashtra is basically rainfed state with 84 per cent area leaving only 16% under

irrigation. Out of this around 17 % is through well irrigation.

Maharashtra has always taken an initiative in adopting new technologies. During the recent

past the state has emerged as one of the horticulture, states. The export of grapes, mango,

flowers and vegetables have shown increasing trend. This shows the impressiveachievements of state in the horticultural development. Many 100% Export Oriented Units

have been established in the state mainly in the field of floriculture, tissue culture,

mushrooms etc. The well organized co-operative infrastructure of Grape Growers

Association has not only promoted the Viticulture in the state but also brought our state on

the world map. With such achievements the thrust of farmers for newer technology and

crops is ever increasing.

1.2 Achievement of States in horticulture

Largest producer of seedless Grapes (78%) banana (75 %) Mandarin oranges (75 %)

Onion (63%). Tomatoes (42%) of the total production in India. Alphanso Mangoes

accounts for 90 % of Indias export in mangoes

The highest numner of poly houses (1271) owned by small farmers for cultivation of

flowers.

40 % turnover of the seed industry in the country.

Strong base of technical manpower in the operational areas of four Agriculture

Universities with 56 Agriculture colleges, 82 research institutes & five national level

research organizations.

173 Poly clinics being operated in the State.


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1.3 Status of Horticulture Development

1.3.1 Fruit crops

Total area under fruit crops in the state 13.66 lakh ha. The soil and climatic conditions of

Maharashtra are very congenial for cultivation of different fruit crops. Therefore an ambitious

programme namely Employment Guarantee Scheme linked Horticulture Development

Programme has been launched in 1990-91. Coverage under major fruit crops is as Mango-

37.83%, Citrus-19.13%, Cashew-13%, Pomogranate-6.92%, Sapota-5.06%, Custard Apple-

2.77%, Guava-2.41% and other is 13.26%. Due to massive plantation of fruit crops in the

last decade production of horticultural produce in the state has increased substantially.

1.3.2 Vegetables

Maharashtra contributes 6% of production of vegetable in the country. The area under

vegetable crops is about 4.10 lakh ha. The total production is 50.02 lakh M.T. per year and

the productivity is more than 12.50 M.T. per hectare. Maharashtra is the largest producer of

onion in the country covering an area about 1, 20,733 ha. with average production of about

14 lakh M.T. Maharashtra is exporting about 3,50,000 to 4,00,000 M.T. onion every year and

recently cultivation of white and yellow onions are being promoted by the state.

1.3.3 Floriculture

Maharashtra stands 6th in respect of area under floriculture in the country with approximately

8500 ha. under cultivation. The major flower crops grown in open fields are Roses,

Chrysanthemum, Aster, Tuberoses, Jasmine, Gaillardia, Marigold etc. These flowers aremainly grown in Pune, Nashik, Ahmednagar, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur, Aurangabad, Jalna,

Nanded etc. districts. Recently many private companies and progressive farmers in the

State have started export oriented cultivation of flower crops. Besides this 1271 small green

houses are erected on farmers field and 14 big green houses are erected under corporate

sector.

1.3.4 Aromatic plants

The state has wide range of aromatic plants which offers tremendous opportunity for

employment generation and exports of essential oils. The regions like Melghat, Western

Ghat Zone, Kinkan, Satpuda range, Sahyadri Hill etc. are famous for cultivation of aromatic

plants.


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1.3.5 Irrigation

Limited irrigation is one of the important and critical constraints of Maharashtra State

Agriculture. Only 15.4 % of the State's net sown area is irrigated as against 35% of country.

More than 55% of the total irrigation is from ground water harvested through more than 18

lakh wells. More than 2.82 lakh hectare area has been covered under drip irrigation in the

State under horticultural and cash crops. An area of 1.11 lakh hectare has been covered

under sprinkler irrigation.

1.3.6 Marketing

The agro marketing activity in the state is regulated as per the Maharashtra Agriculture

Produce marketing (Regulation) Act of 1963. Today there are more than 800 regulated

markets in the state, 285 main market yards & 585 submarket yards. Every taluka in the

state has a regulated market or an APMC. Besides regulated markets in the state have also

3500 unregulated markets or the weekly markets. The State is also involved in introducing

alternative systems of marketing to make present system more responsive to needs of the

changing times. Specifically the State has proposed an ' Integrated Maharashtra

Horticulture Marketing Infrastructure' at an estimated cost of Rs. 1400 crores, a Terminal

market or a Modern market for the millenium for Horticultural crops for Mumbai city at an

estimated cost of Rs.200 crores and Farmers Markets across the State.

1.3.7 Food Processing

Food Processing Industry in Maharashtra consists of very basic processing. Traditionalmethods of processing are predominant. It includes Mango/ tomato, pulp, canning of fruits,

Jam, pickles, Fruit Juices. Recently the with innovative technology such as vacuum

preservation, aseptic, packaging, freeze drying and industrial quick freezing plants have

come up. As regards to the cold storage and packing facilities are concerned, they are not

sufficient and not modernized enough as per the international standards. Thus even today

the growth of processing industry in the state has been guided largely by availability of

infrastructural facilities and convenient markets, besides the ready availability of raw

materials. The Fruit processing industry in the state is geared up introduction of Food Park

concept. At present 3 Food Park and 2 wine parks are set up in the state to provide basic

common infrastructural facilities to the processors and more and more processors are being

motivated to get invalid in Food Park through one window scheme.


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2 MAHARASHTRA STATE HORTICULTURE MISSION

2.1 Mission Objectives

National Horticulture Mission (NHM) will be implemented in Maharashtra to promote holistic

growth of the horticulture sector covering fruit, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushroom,

spices, flowers, aromatic plants and cashew. This is centrally sponsored scheme in which

Government of India shall provide 100% assistance to the State Missions during the 10th

Plan. During the XI Plan, the Government of India assistance will be 85% with 15%

contribution by the State Governments.

The main objectives of the mission are:

To provide holistic growth of the horticulture sector through an area based regionally

differentiated strategies which include research, technology promotion, extension, post

harvest management, processing and marketing, in consonance with comparative

advantage of each State / region and its diverse agro-climatic feature;

To enhance horticulture production, improve nutritional security and income support to

farm households;

To establish convergence and synergy among multiple on-going and planned

programmes for horticulture development;

To promote, develop and disseminate technologies, through a seamless blend of

traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge;

To create opportunities for employment generation for skilled and unskilled persons,

especially unemployed youth;

A im

Economic Vaibility

Diversified

Agriculture

Sustainability

Doubling

Farmers

Income

Field Crops

Horticulture


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2.2 Strategy for Maharashtra State Horticulture Mission

To meet the above stated objectives an end-to-end holistic approach is adopted covering

production, post- harvest management, processing, and marketing to ensure appropriate

returns to the growers. For this the state has been geographically divided into four clusters

having 23 districts in total for area expansion and for development of post- harvest and

marketing infrastructure whole state is taken into consideration.

Map 1 Cluster Identification for Area Expansion

2.3 Basis for Cluster Identification

Comparative advantage

Marketing opportunities e.g. seasonal advantage, local consumption, export / import

substitution

Favorable agro climatic conditions

Scope for intensification and productivity improvement

Contiguous area and similarity of cropping pattern

Potential for area expansion

Recommendations of State Government


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2.4 Identified Clusters for Area Expansion

No. of Clusters : 4

CLUSTER 1 ( KONKAN REGION )

Districts: Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, SindhudurgCrops: Mango, Cashew, Sapota, Spices

CLUSTER 2 ( WESTERN GHAT REGION)

Districts: Nashik, Pune, Ahmednagar, Satara, Sangli, Solapur, KolhapurCrops: Grapes, Pomegranate, Kagzi lime, Spices and Aromatic plants

CLUSTER 3 (MARATHWARA REGION)

Districts: Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Latur, Nanded, ParbhaniCrops: Mango, Sweet orange, spices and aromatic

CLUSTER 4 (VIDHARBHA REGION)

Districts: Akola, Amravati, Wardha, Yoetmal, Washim, NagpurCrops: Mandarin Orange, Kagzi Lime, spices and aromatic

No. of Districts : 23

Table 1 District and crop matrix for area expansion

District and Crop Matrix for Area Expansion

SrNo

District Mango Cashew Sapota P'granate M orange Sorange

K lime Grapes

1 Thane

2 Raigad

3 Ratnagiri

4 Sindhudurg Kokan Div

5 Nashik

6 Ahmednagar

7 Pune

8 Solapur

9 Satara

10 Sangli

11 Kolhapur

Western Ghat

12 Aurangabad

13 Jalna

14 Beed

15 Latur

16 Nanded

17 Parbhani Marathwara

18 Akola

19 Washim

20 Amarawati

21 Yeotmal

22 Wardha

23 Nagpur

Vidharbha


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2.5 Approach and methodology

While selecting the clusters, comparative advantage of crops like marketing opportunities,

seasonal advantage, local consumption, export/import substitutes scope for intensification

and productivity improvement have been taken into consideration. Besides contiguity area

potential of the area expansion have also been kept in view so that production & productivity

enhancement in these regions, triggers the uptake of above on area the crops selected are

Grapes, Mango, Pomegranate, Banana, Madarin orange, Kagzi Lime and Sapota in fruits,

cashew in plantation crops, Ginger and Turmeric in spices and floriculture. The integrated

approach would be adopted for development of plantation, creation of port harvest system

and development of marketing Infrastructure marketing infrastructure. This will lead to

economic development of the area as the crops selected have comparative advantages. The

activities identified for this mission shall be implemented in project mode rather than generic

developmental programme of state.

In identified crop to make them hubs of activities for doubling the production, strengthening

the PHM and enhancing marketing is discussed as under:

2.6 Grapes

2.6.1 Indian Scenario

Maximum grape production takes place in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Table 2 Area, production and productivity of grape in India

Area(ha) Production(tones) Productivity(tones/ha)State

2000-01 2001-02 2000-01 2001-02 2000-01 2001-02

Maharashtra 29,800 32,500 7,79,200 9,11,600 26.10 28.10

Karnataka 8,200 10,000 1,44,100 1,69,700 17.60 16.90

Andhra Pradesh 1,600 1,500 31,300 29,400 19.60 20.00

Source: Indian Horticulture Database-2003

The yield levels have reached to maximum in Maharashtra. In fact we need to reduce the

productivity to enhance the quality aspects in grapes. Grape yields in Tamil Nadu and

Andhra Pradesh, however, are slightly lesser than that obtained in Maharashtra.

Comparative advantage of Maharastra grapes

Cultivation of Thompson seedless variety of grapes.

Grape cultivation is largely in the hands of progressive and well-to-do farmers and

organized co-operatives

Adoption of latest scientific production technology, which includes use of root stocks

tolerant to salinity and nematodes, optimum density, drip irrigation, proper pruning.


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Adoption of scientific post harvest management which includes use of sulphur dioxide

releasing pads, grading, packaging, pre-cooling, cold storage and refrigerated

transportation.

Availability of institutional credit.

Farmer friendly State Government policies

2.6.2 Season of availability

Grapes start coming to the market in middle of January and peak time of availability being

during February-March. Availability season is extended further to April-May by keeping its

produce in cold stores. Grape crop can be easily stored up to 6-8 weeks.

Table 3 Period of availability of grapes

State Period of availability Peak season

Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh Mid-December to May February to March

Tamil Nadu 15 December to 15 April February to March

2.6.3 Demand

There is huge demand of grapes in the northern India including Delhi. The demand is going

to accelerate in the coming years with increase in population and urbanization.

2.6.4 Marketing

Marketing of grape is unique in Maharashtra because it is carried out by growers

themselves, the cooperatives and also the middlemen. The grape growers have established

their marketing channels directly in the countries abroad. The cooperative structure is also

strong for marketing of grapes. MAHAGRAPES is one of the largest exporters of fresh

grapes from India. It is a partnership firm of 16 cooperative societies and it is equipped with

pre-cooling and cold storage facilities. The organisation has quality control officers which

monitor fruit quality at different stages of operations beginning from cultivation in the farm to

packing the fruit for export.

2.6.5 Domestic marketing

Sizeable quantity of produce of grapes comes to Delhi markets. At least 70-80% of the total

production is marketed as a fresh fruit and only 10-15% of the produce is marketed after

storing in cold stores. Fruit is mostly marketed in small boxes of card-board. Grapes traded

from April onwards are from cold stores, as fresh produce starts decreasing in March itself.

Wholesale prices of the grapes vary from Rs.790 to Rs. 3,400/quintal in Delhi markets

(2003). The prices are quite high in January and start rising in April and are at peak during


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April-May. This rise is mainly because grapes at this time of the year are mainly from cold

stores.

2.6.6 Exports and its potential

There is great export potential of exporting grapes to Gulf, Europe, SAARC and South East

Asian countries. So far our effort has been mainly on exports to EU countries. Lately, our

exports have fallen to 14,571 tonnes in 2001-02 from 20,647 tonnes in 2000-01. There is

again a surge in exports during 2002-2003 which reached to 25,567 tonnes.

Grape is one of the largest traded fruit in the world. Major exporters of grape are Italy, USA,

Spain, Mexico, Greece, etc. Harvesting period of major grape-producing and exporting

countries is from May onwards to November. Whereas, grape production in India is mainly

from January to March. Other grape-growing countries which produce grapes during this

period are Chile, South Africa and Israel.

Europe is the biggest market for grapes, as monthly imports of grape are about 90,000

tonnes in winter and around 40,000 tonnes during summer (February-May). India is capable

of meeting the requirement of European market provided we maintain the quality standards

especially tracking the pesticide residues. Our main competitors are Chile, South Africa and

Israel. Considering the total requirement of European Union during summer 1,20,000

tonnes, India can easily meet the target to 40,000 to 50,000 tonnes.

Regarding South-East Asian countries, there is a total demand of 1,25,000 to 1,50,000

tonnes of grapes from Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. Hong Kong alone imports up to1, 02,600 tonnes of grapes every year. The season of supply coincides with Chile and South

Africa, however, these countries being geographically at far off places, it may be possible for

India to offer competitive price and penetrate the market. Thus, there is a scope of exporting

5,000 tonnes to 10,000 tonnes of grapes to these markets gradually in coming 5 years. This

is possible mainly because of relaxing of trade barriers between South-East Asian countries

like Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and India.

2.6.7 Varieties cultivated

Table 4 Cultivars of grapes cultivated in India

Characters Cultivars (s)

White seedless Thompson Seedless, Tas-a-Ganesh,Sonaka, Perlette, Pusa Seedless

Coloured seedless Sharad Seedless, Flame Seedless, BeautySeedless, Bangalore Blure

White seeded Anab-e-shahi,Bangalore blue

Coloured seeded Bangalore Blue, Gulabi (Muscat)

In Maharashtra Thompson Seedless is predominant. Other cultivars that are grown in this

region are Tas-e-Ganesh, Sonaka, Sharad Seedless and Flame Seedless.


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2.6.8 Action plan of development

2.6.8.1 Production of planting material

For this a nursery of 4 ha is proposed to be established in Pune and one small nursery in

Satara. These nurseries will multiply the imported planting material of new table varieties

and wine varieties.

2.6.8.2 Area expansion

The present varieties grown in Maharastra are mainly for table purpose. There is growing

demand of wine industries so further area expansion should be concentrated for wine

varieties example Gelo, Creenesh, Shar- done. For table grapes the recommended varieties

are Tas-a-Ganesh, Thompson seedlees, Sharad Flame, Sharad seedless. An area of 1000

ha is proposed for expansion. In table grapes also quality improvement program should be

taken into consideration to enhance the quality of the grapes.

2.6.8.3 Post harvest infrastructure

To strengthen the post harvest infrastructure to meet the present level of production as well

as the anticipated increase in production volumes, quality at the consumer level can be

increased with appropriate post-harvest infrastructural facilities. Therefore, plan envisages

infrastructure like-

Twenty pack-houses: Where production and post harvest infrastructure is needed to

prevent post-harvest losses to meet the international quality standards, near to places of

existing cold storages. Fully automatic, mechanized conveyer based sorting and grading

system with hopper should be established

Almost all the seven districts needs better handling in terms of functional infrastructural

facilities like sorting, grading, packing, temporary storage etc at the rate of two groups of

units in each of the district. These facilities at 7 places shall virtually lead to market up-

gradation and efficiency improvement.

IPM practices are grapes are to be adopted for control of powdery mildew, downy

mildew, botrytis and various pest and nematodes.

Introduction of EUREPGAP certification along with formation of 10 PMOs

An Agri Export Zone for Grapes has been set up in the districts of Nasik, Pune, Kolhapur,

Satara, Sangli. They have established 90 pack houses in the state and six quality testing

labs in the state. The facilities created under the AEZ which is under utilized will be used as

common facility under this programme.


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Table 5 Intervention for grapes

S.N0. Component/Activity Location/District Rate of assistance/Unit (Rs.)

Total Cost(Rs. in lakh)

1. Production of planting material

(a) Model Nursery 2 Nos.(4 haeach)Private sector 4 ha

Nasik Rs. 18.0 lakh(Public)

Rs. 9.0 lakh

18.0

9.0

(b) Small Nursery 1 Nos. (1ha.each) Public

Sangli Rs. 3.00 lakh each 3.00

2. Plantation of new orchard(1000 ha)

Pune, Solapur, Satara,Sangli, Nasik

22,500/- ha 112.5

Post-harvest infrastructure

3. Pack-Houses (20Nos.)Fully automatic mechanizedsorting grading line

Nasik , SangliPune, Solapur

Rs 2.5 lakh each.Subsidy @ 25% forgeneral area and33.33% for Tribal/Hillyareas

17.5

4. Processing Unit (25 Nos.)Techno economic feasibilitystudy for winery

Nashik & Sangli Project basedassistance would beobtained from MFPI

20.00

7. IPM

(7000 ha.)

1000 ha in each district Rs.1000/ha. 70.00

8. Import of planting materialIntroduction of new varieties(wine grapes and tablegrapes)

Special intervention

9. EUREPGAP certification(10) Nasik, Pune, Sangli 3 30

Total 280

2.7 Mango

2.7.1 Comparative advantages of Maharashtra

The main strength of the state lies in the cultivation of the popular exportable varieties e.g.

Alphonso, Banganpalli, Bangalora, Kesar, etc., with substantial production and significantshare in mango export. Konkan region comprising Thane, Raigarh, Ratnagiri and

Sindhudurg is the main mango producing belt. The region produces the best quality

Alphonso varieties, and have adequate production base, which have scope for further

improvement.

Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri district of Konkan region produces largest quantity of choicest

mango cultivar Alphonso. The Alphonso grown in the area are best because of the location

and export market demand. These two districts have larger area under mango production

then any other districts in the country.

2.7.2 Major constraints in Mango production

Fruit fly

Alternate bearing

Spongy tissue (Alphonso)

The growers rarely use Manures and fertilizers

No training and pruning of trees is practiced


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Low fruit set and high fruit drop occurs due to lack of fertilizer and plant protection

measures. Old orchards are getting senile due to their age, poor management practices

and excess use of paclobutrazol in some cases

Latent infections of stem end and other root cause fruit loss during ripening

The fruits are generally ripened with the help of calcium carbide, which was neither

acceptable for good quality nor permitted

Lack of integrated packing, handling and movement system for managing the fresh fruits,

comprising hot water treatment, sorting, grading and packing etc.

Improper harvesting stage.

No treatment for fruit against fruit fly, stone, weevil, anthracnose, etc. is given. Baits are

not used.

2.7.3 Action plan for development

Maharastra is the most developed state in horticulture but the productivity is quite low as

compared to Andhra and Karnataka so the main emphasis should be on productivity

enhancement by rejuvenation of the senile orchard, top working, gap filling etc. and these

can be achieved by following programme.

2.7.3.1 Development of nurseries

As the availability of quality planting materials is the paramount need to increase

productivity, two model nurseries (4 ha each) in the public sector and 2 small nurseries (one

ha each) out of which one is in the private sector and rest all in public sector. Model nursery

will have facilities like shed net, improved irrigation system, mother trees, propagation

chambers etc and utilized for other related crops propagation also.

For the scientific development of nurseries, the modern concept shall be employed wherein

The foundation trees shall be maintained under the supervision of university experts

whether the trees exist in the university compound on the progeny-cum-demonstration

farms that are existing in most of the states.

Mother trees so raised shall be in the compound of private registered nursery men to

match their production capacity in relation to the demand of the area so that these may

sustain.

Groups of expert to be constituted (3 member team from NHB, ICAR and from

Directorate of Agriculture) work as the certification agency to check the authenticity of

the plants so produced, instead of becoming the sale agent itself.


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2.7.3.2 Planting of new orchard

Mango in Maharastra is cultivated in 1, 81,000 ha, but its productivity is only 3.4 tonnes/ha.

Even neighbouring state like Andhra Pradesh has more than 8MT/Ha. The approach is to

use modern cultivation practices as some orchardists are harvesting yields up to 15-20

tonnes/ha depending upon plant spacing used. Thus, there is an urgent need to adopt bettergrowing practices like use of inputs, balanced nutrition, IPM practices, in the mango pockets.

New plantations shall cover 10000 ha with high density concept, hybrid varieties coupled

with modern system of irrigation, management etc. Simultaneously, activities of rejuvenation

shall be started to increase productivity of the existing orchards of three thousand five

hundreds ha. Rejuvenation of old and senile orchards shall include top-working, micro-

fertigation and gap filling in the existing plantations in an area of 2,500 ha.

Before all such intended areas are covered with plants that are available in the state (5.06

lakhs, presently), as nurseries shall take minimum two years to yield salable plants,evaluation of the existing planting material shall be undertaken by a committee of local

representatives of ICAR, NHB and state government with the following mandate

Quantity of the plants available

Authenticity to prove true-to-type weather the scion material have been taken from the

trees exhibiting true characters of the intended variety

Status of disease freeness from the general conditions of the area

Probable time of their availability.

For processing purposes, plantations of 500-1,000 ha of Totapuri, Banganpalli, etc. need to

be planted so that proper management of such plantations is taken up and yield are

upgraded.

This approach of increasing production through area expansion and new hi-tech plantations

of disease-free quality planting material coupled with appropriate inputs will lead to

increased productivity.

Making disease-free quality planting material of improved cultivars available.

Upgrading efficiency of orchards by gap filling and rejuvenation

Providing required nutrients based on leaf analysis.

2.7.3.3 Integrated nutrient and water management

For achieving higher productivity balanced nutrition is important and single most important

factor having bearing on improving productivity and setting in the bi-ennial bearing tendency.

Critical nutrient level of N,P and K have already been fixed for cultivars like Alphonso by


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CISH, Lucknow, and BSKKV, Dapoli respectively. It will be prudent to maintain those levels

of nutrients. Preferably these nutrients particularly N and K if applied through drip especially

in high-density planting of orchards will help in enhancing productivity.

2.7.3.4 Integrated pest and disease management practices

Integrated pest management practices for controlling mango-hopper, mealy bug, fruit fly,

leaf-hopper, shoot-borer, bark-eating caterpillar and scale insects have been standardized

by CISH, Lucknow, IIHR, Bangalore and SAU,s need to be adopted. Details of various

practices can be obtained from CISH, Lucknow, Similarly for diseases and mango

malformation, IPM practices have been already standardized need to be adopted.

Post-harvest management steps that have been found useful in improving fruit quality

Harvesting at right stage of maturity in the early morning hours

De-sapping in shade at farm level or at pack house

Sorting at pack house

Washing and treatment with fungicide (Procloroz or TBZ 0.1% ) or 520C for 3 minutes to

control anthracnose disease

Grading

Packing in cardboard boxes

Pre-cooling and cold storage and maintenance of cool chain upto market

2.7.3.5 Post-harvest infrastructure

With the anticipated increase in production volumes, quality at the consumer level can beincreased with appropriate post-harvest infrastructural facilities. Therefore, plan envisages

infrastructure like;

Eighty pack-houses: Every 1000 ha should have integrated pack house and in the first

year it is considered to establish eighty pack houses.

Five cold storages coupled Thane and in the Ahmednagar districts to be integrated with

the existing pack houses.

Post harvest facilities are proposed based on the production in the existing production areas

and based on the new area expansion.

But one basic parameter of complimentarily shall be followed wherein infrastructural facilities

shall be shared between various crops of that command area as crops are seasonal and

management of facilities shall also be easy and economic.


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Table 6 Interventions for mango

S.N0

Component/Activity Location/ District Unit Cost (Rs.) Total Cost(Rs. inlakh)

1. Production of plant material

(a) Model Nursery( 2 nos. each4 ha)

( Public sector 2)

Sindhudurg , Aurangabad 18.0 lakh 36.00

(b) Small Nursery (1 nos. each1 ha)(Private- 1)

Sindhudurg, Ahmednagar 1.5 lakh 1.5

2. Plantation of New Orchards(10,000 ha.)

Thane, Rajgadh, Ratnagiri,Sindhudurg, Aurangabad, Jalna,Beed

Rs. 22500/- ha 1125

3. Rejuvenation of oldorchards (2,500 ha.)

Thane, Rajgadh, Ratnagiri,Sindhudurg, Solapur,Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed Nashik,Ahmednagar, Satara, Latur,Nanded , Parbhani

Rs.15000/- ha. 375


4. Pack House (80 Nos.)

Sorting Grading line

Thane, Rajgadh, Ratnagiri,

Sindhudurg, Aurangabad, Jalna,Beed, Nashik, Ahmednagar,Satara, Latur, Nanded , Parbhani

Rs 2.5 lakh each.

Subsidy @ 25%for general areas

50

5. Cold storage units (5 Nos.) Konkan region, Aurangabad,Ahmednagar, Kolhapur, Parbhani

Rs 2.0 croreseach subsidy @25% of the capital

250

6. IPM(3500 ha.)

Konkan region 2000 haWestern Ghat 1000 haMarathwada region 500

Rs.1000/ha. 35

Total 1872.5

2.7.4 Marketing

Mango is harvested at full mature stage. There is enough time between harvesting and full

ripening during which it can be shipped to distant markets. Mango start coming in the market

in March from Maharashtra besides other states like Andhra, Karnataka, Chattisgarh etc.

Peak season of availability in these states is April-May. Mangoes are marked to urban areas,

maximum produce sent to metropolitan cities like Mumbai and Delhi, especially Delhi meet

the entire requirements of the northern region.

2.7.5 Export potential

At present from Maharastra mostly Alphonso, Kesar and Banganpalli are exported. So far,our exports were mainly through air shipments and now with standardization of protocols for

sea shipping, there is much more potential of exporting mangoes from Maharastra. Mango

exports are further expected to increase due to recent trade agreements with China,

Thailand and South-East Asian countries in which our mangoes have yet to penetrate in

their markets. At present, Europe alone is importing of 1, 74,872 tonnes mangoes per year.

Targeting 30% of this quantity, i.e., exports up to 60,000-70,000 tonnes/year should not be

too difficult to our country.


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Government of India has also sanctioned Agri Export Zonesone for Alphonso mango in the

Konkan region and one for Kesar mango in districts of Aurangaband, Kalna, Beed, Latur,

Ahmedanagar and Nasik for integrated development of these crops.

2.8 Cashew nut

Cashew is predominant horticultural crops of commercial importance in Maharashtra,

cashew continues to maintain the in terms of export earnings, besides providing vocational

avenues to nearly a million rural families in Maharashtra in farming sector and nearly half a

million labour families in processing sector.

2.8.1 Demand and supply patterns

Cashew is one of the India's major foreign exchange earners. Till recently, India has had

virtual monopoly in the world supplies of both cashew kernels and cashew nut shell liquid.

But with the development of processing industries in some of East African countries, India isgetting stiff competition. The entire cashew that is exported from India is not grown within the

country itself. In fact, nearly three fourth of it is imported from Mozambique, Tanzania and

Kenya. Though, India holds a virtual monopoly in cashew trade and supplying more than 90

per cent of the World's demand for cashew, still we are heavily depend on imports of raw

cashew. Fresh plantation of cashew nut will increase the in land supply of raw cashew for

processing industries and it will directly reduce the Indias import burden.

2.8.2 Marketing

Marketing of raw cashewnut in India has not yet been organized in systematic manner

except in some places where co-operative marketing society is procuring raw nuts to the

little desired extent. A major portion of the produce is brought by itinerant merchants and the

agents of the processing units. A number of wholesale merchants and the processing

factories open their collecting centres in important cashew producing areas during the

harvesting period. The petty dealers who buy the nuts from the growers also dispose the

nuts in these collecting centres. Cashewnut are brought for sale to the assembling markets

largely by the itinerant merchants. In certain areas, the most resourceful processors contact

the producers thus avoiding the commission agents role and enjoy good bargaining power

by providing credit facilities to the producers.

As there are a number of intermediaries operating the field between the primary producer

and the processing unit. The different costs and margins in the total spread between the

producer and the processing unit are quite significant and the producers share in the price

paid by the processing units is generally low.


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2.8.3 Import / Export Trends

India is the largest exporter of cashew kernels in the world. India exports cashew kernels to

more than 60 countries in the world. India has long been the world s largest exporter of

cashew kernel with its price and quality. In Europe, India has been preferred supplier with

long standing trading relationship based on confidence in product quality and on fast and

regular deliveries. Mozambiquae and Brazil are also exporter of the cashew kernel however,

the quality of their cashew do not match that of Indian cashew. Brazilian nuts however have

a comparative advantage in US market due to lower transportation costs and unique larger

size of Brazilian cashew nut. Tanzania, Kenya and China are also reputed exporters of

quality cashew kernels.

Almost all of the world's raw cashew nuts are sent to India for processing, since India has an

inexpensive labour force and does not produce adequate quantities of cashews to fulfill its

domestic processing capacity. Approximately 25 to 40 percent of nuts processed in India

originate in foreign countries. India also has a long tradition and good reputation as a high

quality processor of cashew. A number of countries therefore prefer to export their raw nuts

to India for processing rather than to process themselves and produce lower quality kernels.



There are two nurseries existing in the state of Maharashtra exclusively for cashew in the

public sector both in the Sindhudurg district. Increasing for the cahew planting material in theKonkan region will be fulfilled by the existing nursery and the new proposed nurseries.

Two model nurseries have been proposed one large and one small nursery both in the

public sector. These nurseries will primarily accommodate the nucleus material of varieties

recommended to the state and build-up sufficient infrastructure for irrigation and nursery

activity to propagate clones of such varieties in the form of soft wood grafts.

2.8.4.2 Area expansion

The area expansion activity simultaneously is now getting shifted to non-traditional areasand non-traditional tracks. Under such circumstances, our dependence on area expansion

should be limited to clones. An area of 7,200 ha is proposed to be brought under plantation

of new orchard programmes.


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2.8.4.3 Rejuvenation

Declining productivity of cashew falling under senility stage with least economic advantage is

a big concern. The potentially for senile area replanting is 50,000 ha against which only

2,000 ha, being a cumbersome process, have been proposed for this year.

Packages of clonally propagated materials, being quite new to the farming sector, need

extension practices by way of demonstrations, campaigns and training.

2.8.4.4 Post-harvest infrastructure

Pack house for cashew shall consists of collection, drying floors, manual splitting and then

making it ready for processing plant. It shall cater to the needs of other crops also in that

area. Out of five such numbers, four shall be in general areas and one in tribal belt. Other

areas of production shall be attended by the pack houses proposed in mango belts. Other

functional infrastructure in relation to cashew shall be made available to the community from

the ones proposed under mango.

There shall be need for cashew processing plants (2 units) that are proposed for Thane and

Raigadh for which project based assistance shall be forth coming from the Ministry of Food

Processing after feasibility study, taking into consideration the capacity utilization of the

existing plants.

Table 7 Intervention for Cashew

S.N0. Component/Activity Location/District Rate ofassistance/ Unit(Rs.)


1. Production of planting material

(a) Model Nursery 4 ha2 nurseries (Publicsector)

Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri Rs. 18.00 lakh 36

(b) Small NurseryPublic Sector-1

Ratnagiri Rs. 3.0 lakh each 3.0

2. Plantation of new

Orchards (7200 hectares)

Thane, Raigadh, Ratnagiri,

Sindhudurg, Kolhapur

Rs. 22500/- hac. 810

Post-harvestinfrastructure

4. Pack house (Drying yard)(25 Nos.)

Thane, Ratnagiri, Raigad,Sindhudurg, Kolhapur

Rs 2.5 lakh each.Subsidy @ 25%for general areaand 33.33% forTribal/Hilly areas

15.62


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S.N0.

Component/Activity Location/District Rate ofassistance/ Unit

(Rs.)


5 Processing plants (2 no.)Feasibility study

Raigadh, Ratnagiri Project basedassistance fromMOFPi

20

6 IPM (1800 ha) Thane (100 ha)Raigadh (100 ha)Ratnagiri (200 ha)Sindhudurg (500 ha)Kolhapur (500 ha)Satara (200 ha)Nasik (200 ha)

Rs. 1000/ ha 18

Total 902.62

2.9 Sapota

Sapota (Manilkara acharas) is one of the important tropical fruit crop of Maharashtra of great

nutritional value. A uniquely flavored fruit, the soft brown flesh of the sapota tastes a bit like

a sweet mix of brown sugar and root beer. The sapota tree is also the source of chicle, a

chewing gum component.

2.9.1 Comparative advantage of Sapota

Major production area

Near to the market

Potential for export to middle east

2.9.2 Varietal status

Most important sapota cultivars are Kalipatti, Cricket Ball and Kirtibarthi. Newly-developed

cultivars are Co1, Co2, PKM-I and Spindle in Tamil Nadu, and DHS-I and DHS-2 from

Karnataka (Dharwad). Important cultivars grown in different states are given-

Important sapota cultivars grown in Maharastra- Kalipatti*, Cricket Ball*, Murraba


Strengthening of the PHM by introduction of sorting grading line, pre-cooling, cold storage

and corrugated packaging


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Table 8 Interventions for Sapota

S.N0. Component/Activity Location/District Rate ofassistance/ Unit(Rs.)


1. Production of plantingmaterial

(a) Model Nursery-(2 no.)( Public sector- 2 of 4 ha

each)

Pune, Thane Rs. 18 lac 36

(b) Small Nursery (1 ha)Private Sector-2

Solapur, Aurangabad Rs. 1.5 lakheach

3.0

2. Rejuvenation of oldorchards (2000 ha)

Thane, Pune, Aurangabad Rs. 15000/ha 300


3. Pack house (20 Nos.)Automatic Sorting Gradingline, conveyer belt withhopper

Thnae, Nasik, Ahmednagar,Pune, Solapur, JalnaAurangabad, Nanded

Rs 2.5 lakheach. Subsidy@ 25% forgeneral areaand 33.33% for

Tribal/Hilly areas

12.5

4. Mobile pre cooling unit (2no.)

Ahmednagar, Thane 24 lakh/unit 48

5. Cold Storage (1 no) Thane Rs 2.0 croreseach subsidy @25% of thecapital

50

6. Reefer van (1 no.) Ahmednagar Rs. 24 lac 24

7. IPM (2900 ha) Thane (100 ha)Raigad (100 ha)Nasik (500 ha)Ahmednagar (250 ha)

Aurangabad (500 ha)Pune (250 ha)Solapur (500 ha)

Rs. 1000/ ha 29

Total 502.5

2.9.4 Marketing

Sapota is available almost throughout the year. However, its maximum arrivals in Delhi

market are during January-May months. But in Azadpur market, its minimum arrival is

during June-October. In Mumbai markets, its arrival starts during September, minimum

arrival being June-August. Its prices ranges from Rs 742 to Rs 1,708/quintal in Delhi markets

2003, while in Mumbai, it is from Rs. 1,138-1,447/quintal.


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2.9.5 Exports and its potential

Exports of sapota are virtually static for last 2-3 years, as it was 910 tonnes during 2000-01,

1,149 tonnes during 2001-02 and 958 tonnes during 2002-03. It is exported mainly to Gulf

countries Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. The sizable export of sapota has

also taken place for the first time during 2002-03 to Bangladesh. Sapota is also beingexported in small quantity to UK.

There is a good export potential of sapota provided quality fruits are produced employing

appropriate pre-harvest and post-harvest practices. For this, post harvest handling

practices need to be standardized and post- harvest infrastructure needs to be created.

2.10 Pomegranate

Pomegranate is an important fruit crop of Maharastra. It is cultivated in an area of 43,151 ha

with a total production of 4, 31,510 tonnes producing about 85% of the total Indian

production.

2.10.1 Comparative advantage

Maharashtra leads in Pomegranate production in the country (43,151 Ha areas with 4,

31,510 MT productions) with 85 % of total production.

Pomegranates are commercial cultivated in Solapur, Sangli, Nashik, Ahmednagar, Pune,

Dhule, Aurangabad, Satara, Osmanabad and Latur districts

The variety Ganesh, Bhagwa (Red Ruby).cultivated in Maharastra is suitable for export

purposes.

Production of Pomegranate is mainly concentrated in the Western Maharashtra region

and the Marathwada region.

At present fair amounts of exports of Pomegranate takes place from the State in Reefer

containers by sea.



For production of quality planting material one nursery of 4 ha is proposed to be established

in the Solapur district under private sector and another small nursery of 1 ha in the public

sector in Pune district. The new areas should be brought under Ruby, Bhagwa and Arakta

varieties.

2.10.2.2 Plantation and rejuvenation programme

Considering the importance of pomegranate it is proposed to bring 10,000 ha area under

new plantation and rejuvenation of 5000 ha of area is proposed. Plantation of ruby variety

should be encouraged for export oriented production.


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2.10.2.3 Post harvest infrastructure

Though Maharastra leads in the production of pomegranate, post harvest infrastructure of

the state needs to be strengthened. The present post harvest infrastructure already existing

in the state should be utilized along with proposed pack houses, cold storage and reefer

vans.

Table 9 Intervention for Pomegranate

S.N0.

Component/Activity Location/District Rate ofassistance/ Unit(Rs.)



(a)

(b)

Model Nursery (4 ha.)private sector 1Small nursery (1 ha)Public sector

Solapur

Nasik

9.0

3.0

9.0

3.0

2. Plantation of new Orchards (

10,000hectares)

Nasik, Ahmednagar, Pune,

Solapur, Satara, Sangli,

Rs. 22,500/- hac. 1125

3. Rejuvenation of oldorchards (5000 ha)

Nasik, Ahmednagar, Pune,Solapur, Sangli

Rs. 15000/ha 750


4. Pack house ( 20 Nos.) Nasik-5, Ahmednagar-3,Pune-3, Solapur-5, Sangli-3,Satara- 1

Rs 2.5 lakh each.Subsidy @ 25%for general areaand 33.33% forTribal/Hilly areas

12.5

5. Mobile pre cooling unit (2no.)

Nasik, Solapur 24 lakh/unit 48

6. Cold Storage* Solapur Rs 2.0 crores eachsubsidy @ 25% of

the capital

50

7. Reefer Van Solapur Rs. 24 lac each 24

9. IPM (3200 ha) Nasik (1000 ha)Ahmednagar (250 ha)Latur (500 ha)Solapur (500 ha)Sangli (700 ha)Satara (250 ha)

Rs. 1000/ ha 32

Total 2053.5

* Multi commodity cold storages

2.10.3 Marketing

Most of the pomegranate is marketed as a fresh fruit, although some quantity of its produce

is also stored in cold stores since it has good shelf-life. Maximum arrivals of pomegranate in

Delhi markets are during January February but prices are usually the lowest during

November December. Lowest arrivals in Azadpur market, Mumbai, Ahmedabad and

Bangalore are during April to June months. It costs from Rs. 971-2016 / quintal in Delhi

markets (2003).


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2.10.4 Exports

Exports of fresh pomegranates have increased from 4,773 tonnes in 2001-02 to 6,303

tonnes during 2002-03. It is exported mainly to Gulf and SAARC countries. Its export to

European countries has just started. It is expected that it will further accelerate with the

availability of superior fruits of Mridula, Ruby, Arakta, Bhagwa, etc.

India is the largest producer of pomegranates in the world, but it has only 7% share of total

world exports. Total world trade of pomegranate is 1,00,000 -1,12,000 tonnes. Spain is

biggest exporter to European Union and to some extent to Gulf countries, trading 60-70% of

the total world exports. Iran exports about 15,000 tonnes every year. At present, excellent

cultivars with good quality fruits are available, thus India can supply almost throughout the

year and can become a good player in its export.

Spain exports pomegranates from September to December months which decrease fromJanuary onwards. Major exports from Spain are to European Union. Iran exports are mainly

to Gulf countries and supplies are at peak during October-December and it decreases from

January onwards.

In India, its peak production is during December-March and continues up to April-June.

Thus, India can export pomegranates from February to June months when there will be no

competition from Spain. To enhance exports, increasing production of exportable quality

fruits and providing post-harvest handling facilities, are required to be taken up. Then only

Indias share in exports of pomegranates can increase to 20% in next 7-10 years.An AEZ for Pomegranate has been set up in districts of Solapur, Sangli, Ahmedanagar,

Pune, Nasik Osmanabad and Latur for integrated development of this crop.

2.11 Banana

Banana is the most important fruit crop in terms of nutritive value, which has large scale

demand for table purpose. It is not seasonal in nature like many other fruits crops and is

available in large quantity through out the year.

2.11.1 State ScenarioState Area (000 ha) Prod. (000 MT) Pdy (tones/ha)

Maharastra 57.4 3607.6 62.9

Gujarat 35.2 1403.1 39.9

2.11.2 Comparative advantages of Maharastra Banana

Highest productivity

Jalgaon district has the maximum hectares under this crop (Over 45,000 hectares)

Extended harvesting season throughout the year


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Maharashtra stands first in the country with a production over 30 lakh M.T. of banana which

is more than 40 per cent of the banana production of our country. The area under banana

cultivation is 62 thousand hectares in Maharashtra. The banana is commercially cultivated in

Thane district of Konkan having this crop 911 hectares area, which is mainly conceatructeal

in Vasai and `Palghar tehsils. The main cultivars grown in the state are- Grand Naine, Dwarf

Cavendish, Basrai, Robusta, Lal Velchi, Safed Velchi and Nendran.



There are seven tissue culture labs in the public sector and 9 in the private sector. However,

some of the infrastructural facilities need to be created in these labs. In these programme

seven tissue culture labs has to be taken for rehabilitation.

New Plantations- With improved and export oriented varieties new plantations on 1250 ha in

the districts of Jalgaon, Solapur, Pune, Nanded, Parbhani, Buldana, Wardha and Nandurbar.

2.11.3.2 Post harvest infrastructure:

These districts comprising of specific pockets shall also have eight ripening chambers and

20 pack houses based on the production which will help in facilitating the post harvest

management of banana.

Table 10 Intervention for Banana

S.No Component/Activity Location Rate ofassistance perunit (Rs)

Total Cost (Rsin lakh)

1. Production of planting/materialRe-habitation of existing Tissueculture lab4 in public sector6 in private sector

Ratnagiri, Jalgaon,Parbhani AkolaPuneJalgaon

Rs. 8.0 lakh/unit

Rs. 4.0 lac/unit

32.0

24.0

2. Plantation of new orchard(1250 ha)

Jalgaon, Solapur, Pune,Nanded, Parbhani,Buldana, Wardha,Nandurbar,

Rs. 22,500/ha 281.25

Post harvest management

Pack house ( 20 Nos.) Jalgaon Solapur Pune-Nanded Parbhani-Wardha Akola Ratnagiri-NandurbarBuldana

Rs 2.5 lakh each.Subsidy @ 25%for general area

12.5

Ripening chamber (8 no.) Pune 5.0 lakh /unitSubsidy @ 25%for

40.0

IPM 500 ha) Jalgaon Rs. 1000/ ha 5

Total 394.75

2.11.4 Marketing

Maximum arrivals in North India are from Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Cavendish

group of cultivars, Dwarf Cavendish and Giant Cavendish types, have maximum trade.


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Some quantity of cooking types is also available in the market. Bananas are packed in green

condition in its producing areas and it ripens at the destination. Moreover, entire banana

marketing is done for fresh fruit as it can-not be stored in cold stores.

2.11.5 Domestic marketing

As most of the banana is cultivated either in southern or central India under tropical or sub-

tropical conditions, it is available throughout the year with slight decrease in availability in

December and January . Entire north Indian markets comprising Jammu and Kashmir,

Himachal, Delhi, Punjab, Haryana and parts of Uttar Pradesh are met by Maharashtra,

Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. Bananas come to north Indian markets as full bunches and

are riped, cut into hands and then marketed. Ripening methodology used at most of the

places is very conventional using smoking.

During 2003, wholesale prices of banana varied from Rs 401 to Rs.758/quintal. Highestprices prevail during April-May and these prices start declining from September onwards.

2.11.6 Exports and export potential

At present, mainly cooking banana, i.e. Nendran is exported to Gulf countries by air. Its

demand cultivars, mainly, among ethnic population in Gulf countries. During 2001-02, as

much as 8,100 tonnes of was exported at a value of Rs. 1,587 lakhs. Exports of cooking

banana can increase many times, if protocol for shipping green cooking banana is made

available and its ripening is arranged at the destination.

As far as table bananas are concerned, virtually no export is done at present. Only trial

shipments of Grand Naine banana have been done from Maharashtra and Gujarat. One

container was sent from Maharashtra during 2002-03, while 3 containers were sent from

Gujarat during 2003-04. All shipments were made to UAE (Dubai).

Considering Gulf region alone, there is a vast scope of exports, as Saudi Arabia alone

imports up to 119,000 tonnes. Besides this, UAE imports 101,000 tonnes and Oman 2,741

tonnes every year. Russian Federation also imports to a level of 5,02,952 tonnes every

year. Major supplies especially to Saudi Arabia and UAE are from the Philippines, Malaysia

some quantities of banana to Saudi Arabia come from Ecuador also. However,

geographically India is better placed compared to South-East-Asian and Central American

countries for exports to Gulf countries.

An AEZ for banana is established in Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar, Buldhana, Parbhani,

Nanded and Wardha.


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2.12 Citrus

In citrus most of the things are common so we have given common description while

sectorial have been described in the table.

2.12.1 Sweet Orange

Sweet oranges are cultivated in several states of India covering 1, 26,400 ha with a total

production of 12,10,400 tonnes. Highest from 85,100 ha cultivation of Mosambi (sweet

orange) takes place in a sizable area in Maharashtra (35,500 ha) with a production of

5,18,100 tonnes. Highest productivity is in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, the lowest

being in Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.

2.12.2 Mandarin Orange

Mandarins are cultivated in 1, 98,900 ha with a total production of 16, 60,100 tonnes (2001-

02) of mandarins from Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. It is proposed to extend the area

under mandarins by another 26,300 ha increasing its total production to 24, 43,900 tonnes in

next 10 years. Out of this targeted production, 2, 96,900 tonnes is contemplated to be

achieved by extending the area and 21.47 ha by increasing the productivity of existing

plantations.

The technology to be adopted for achieving targeted production is planting of newer

cultivars, use of tolerant rootstocks, better nutrient and water management practices and

appropriate control measure of insects and pests through use of IPM practices.



For new plantation and for rejuvenation of the old senile orchards production of planting

material is required. For this nurseries are required to be set up in main citrus producing

districts. It is proposed to set up one big nursery in Auragabad for Sweet orange and two

nurseries in Amravati, and two small nurseries in Amravati and Wardha.

2.12.3.2 Area expansion and rejuvenation programme

It is proposed to increase an area of 6000 in Sweet orange, 3000 ha in Mandarin orange and

3000 ha in kagzi lime. For rejuvenation programme an area of 1000 ha is proposed in Sweet

orange and Kagzi Lime and 3000 ha in Mandarin orange.

2.12.3.3 Post-harvest management to improve fruit quality

Post-harvest quality of fruits depends, largely upon pre-harvest management practices like

application of required nutrients, timely control of pests and diseases, and management of


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crop load on trees, etc. At post-harvest stage, following steps need to be kept in mind for

maintaining good fruit quality.

Harvesting the fruits at the right maturity stage in morning or evening hours

Harvesting with the help of clippers

Careful handling of fruits after harvesting in the field and during transportation

Quick transportation to pack-houses

Proper washing, fungicide treatment and waxing without giving much gap after harvest

Drying, grading and packing in cardboard boxes

Precooling and storing fruits at the required temperatures

For the post harvest management of sweet oranges the facilities proposed are establishment

of the pack house, cold storages, reefer vans and functional infrastructure at the marketing

end.

Table 11 Intervention for sweet orange




(a) Model Nursery 1 Nos.(4 haeach)Public Sector-1

Aurangabad/Jalna Rs. 18.0 lakh(Public) 18.0

(b) Small Nursery 1 Nos. (1ha.each)Private Sector - 1

Nanded Rs. 1.50 lakh each 1.50

2. Plantation of New Orchards(6000 ha.)

Jalna, Aurangabad, Beed,Nanded, Parbhani

Rs.22500/ ha. 1350

3. Rejuvenation of Oldorchards (1000 ha.)

Jalna, Aurangabad,Nanded, Parbhani, Jalgaon

Rs. 15000/ ha 150


4 Pack-Houses (7 Nos.)(Sorting Grading WaxingPacking line)

Jalgaon, Ahmednagar,Aurangabad, Jalna,Nanded, Parbhani, Yoetmal

Rs 2.5 lakh each.Subsidy @ 25% forgeneral area and33.33% for Tribal/Hillyareas

4.375

3. Cold Storage (1 Nos.) New cold Storage would beset up at Jalna and also theexisting cold storages willbe utilized for citrus group.

Rs. 2.00 crore/unitCredit linked back-ended subsidy @ 25 %of the capital cost of theproject

50

4. Refrigerated Vans (1 Nos.) Jalna Rs.24.00 Lakh/unitCredit linked back-ended subsidy @ 25 %of the capital cost of theproject

24

5. Functional infrastructure (7Nos.)

in each District Proposed assistanceupto Rs. 15.00 lakhs @25 %.

26.25


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6. Processing Unit (1Nos.)( Techno EconomicFeasibility Study)

Jalna Project basedassistance would beobtained from MFPI

20

7. IPM(500 ha.)

Jalna Rs.1000/ha. 5.00

Total 1617.625

Table 12 Intervention for Mandarin orange




(a) Model Nursery 2 Nos.(4 haeach)Public Sector

Amravati, Nagpur(Virus free nursery inNagpur)

Rs. 18.0 lakh(Public) 36

(b) Small Nursery 1 Nos. (1ha.each)Private Sector - 1

Wardha Rs. 1.50 lakh each 1.50

2. Plantation of New Orchards(4000 ha.)

Washim, Amravati,Yeotmal, Wardha,

Rs.22500/ ha. 900

3. Rejuvenation of Old

orchards (3000 ha.)

Akola, Amravati, Yeotmal,

Wardha, Nagpur

Rs. 15000/ ha 450



Akola, Amravati,(3)Yeotmal, (2) Wardha,Nagpur (2) Nanded (1)*Parbhani

Rs 2.5 lakh each.Subsidy @ 25% forgeneral area

6.25

3. Cold Storage (1 Nos.) New cold Storage would beset up at Amravati and alsothe existing cold storageswill be utilized for citrusgroup.

Rs. 2.00 crore/unitCredit linked back-ended subsidy @ 25 %of the capital cost of theproject

50

4. Refrigerated Vans (1 Nos.) Amravati Rs.24.00 Lakh/unitCredit linked back-ended subsidy @ 25 %of the capital cost of the

project

24

5. Functional infrastructure (7Nos.)

in each District Proposed assistanceupto Rs. 15.00 lakhs @25 %.

26.25

6. Processing Unit (1Nos.)( Techno EconomicFeasibility Study forrehabilitation of existingunuits)

Amravati Project basedassistance would beobtained from MFPI

20


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7. IPM(1000 ha.)

Amravati Rs.1000/ha. 10.00

Total 1524

Table 13 Intervention for Kagzi Lime




(a) Small Nursery 1 Nos. (1ha.each)Public sector -1Private Sector - 1

Akola Rs. 3.0 lac each

Rs. 1.50 lakh each

3.00

1.50

2. Plantation of New Orchards

(3000 ha.)

AKola, Washim, Amravati,

Yeotmal, Wardha,Ahmednagar, Pune, Jalna

Rs.22500/ ha. 675

3. Rejuvenation of Oldorchards (1000 ha.)

Ahmednagar, Pune,Amravati, Solapur, Buldana,Akola

Rs. 15000/ ha 150



Jalgaon (2) Akola(1)Ahmednagar (1),Buldana (1) Solapur (1)

Rs 2.5 lakh each.Subsidy @ 25% forgeneral area

3.125

3. Cold Storage (1 Nos.) Exisitng cold storages will be utilized for the crop

6. Processing Unit (1Nos.)( Techno EconomicFeasibility Study)

Amravati Project basedassistance would beobtained from MFPI

20

7. IPM(500 ha.)

In the cluster Rs.1000/ha. 5.00

Total 857.625

2.12.4 Marketing

Season of availability of citrus fruits depends upon type as Mosambi/Sathgudi and lime is

available throughout the year; however, mandarins are available from October onwards up

to April. Largest arrivals of mandarin in Delhi market are in February, March and April,

although quite significant arrivals of mandarin do take place in November-December. Sale

price of mandarin although is highest is April, however, is arrival during this month is

insignificant. Prices of mandarin are much higher during February - April than October-

November. This is because the mrig baharcrop is of better quality than ambia baharcrop

harvested during October - December.


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Maximum arrivals of mosambi in Delhi market are during August and September, whereas in

Mumbai, its arrivals are maximum during September - October. However, prices are lower

during peak arrival seasons both in Delhi and Mumbai markets.

The arrivals limes and lemons in Delhi market start increasing during March-Apri, maximum

being in May continues up to July. Maximum surge in prices take place during April and

lasts from March to June.

Export and its potential

Exports of citrus fruits comprises mainly of mandarins, limes and lemons. Mandarin exports

have been almost static during last 3 years at 27,000 - 28,000 tonnes (2001-03). Major

export of mandarin take place to Bangladesh (24,869 tonnes), Nepal (1,561 tonnes),

Cameroon (277 tonnes), Ghana (407 tonnes) and France (115 tonnes). The largest exports

of limes/lemons take place to Oman (1,388 tonnes), UAE (1,021 tonnes), Saudi Arabia (525tonnes) and to Nepal (111 tonnes). Mandarin is mostly exported to SAARC countries, while

limes/lemons are to Gulf countries.

There is ample scope to export of mandarins especially at Eid festival to Bangladesh and

also other neighboring countries, i.e. Sri Lanka, Nepal, etc. The present day requirement is

for further enhancing the trade by offering quality fruits with appropriate post-harvest

treatments. Since, Nagpur mandarin is a par excellent table fruit with easily peelable skin

will also be acceptable. Advantage of bilateral South Asian Free Trade Agreements

(SAFTA) needs to be taken to enhance export of both Nagpur mandarin as well as othercitrus fruits. Regarding Gulf countries, there is a seasonal demand for mandarins at Eid

festival. At least 80,000 - 90,000 tonnes of mandarins are imported by Saudi Arabia, UAE,

and Baharain. It should not be difficult to target 10 to 15% of these imports within a period of

5-7 years. Presence of ethnic population in regions will further help in promoting acceptance

of the product. However, continuous nurturing of markets is required.

Similarly, export of limes to Gulf counties can be further enhanced by improving post-

harvest management practices, i.e. proper washing, fungicide treatment, grading and

packing in proper cardboard boxes.

2.13 Vegetable seed production

The State Horticulture Mission will ensure the timely availability of the good quality seeds

and planting material to the farmers at nominal price. For vegetable seed production as well

as production of seedlings, the approach would be as follows:


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2.13.1 Public sector

MSSC and SAUs will do the production of vegetable seeds on the lands being owned by

the universities or on lands taken up by MSSC in a contract farming mode belonging to

seed growers. The total area taken would be 500 ha.

The four agriculture universities will utilize total area of 200 ha. And thus, area ofapproximately 50.00 ha. will be utilized by each university.

Maharashtra State Seed Corporation will cover an area of 300 ha.

2.13.2 Private sector

The private seed companies engaged in vegetable seed production will be assisted. An

area of approximately 1000.00 ha. is proposed under this component.

Thus the total area is 1500 ha including public and private sector.

2.13.3 Seed Infrastructure

In order to establish/ strengthen infrastructure facilities for production and distribution of

quality seed, assistance for creating facilities of seed cleaning, grading processing, packing

and seed storage is proposed. 100% assistance is provided to the public sector and the

assistance to the private sector is credit linked back ended subsidy limited to 25% of project

cost. Maharashtra being the seed capital of the country, there are large number of public and

private sector seed growers who need the assistance for pro

Documents

ActionPlan Maharastra- Horticulture