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Acquisitions List December 2013 New Books and Journal Articles

Liste d’acquisitions December 2013 Nouveaux livres et articles de revues

 

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    How to borrow items from the list below : As a member of the NATO HQ staff you can borrow books (Type: M) for one month, journals (Type: ART) and reference works (Type: REF) for one week. Individuals not belonging to NATO staff can borrow books through their local library via the interlibrary loan system. How to obtain the Multimedia Library publications : All Library publications are available both on the NATO Intranet and Internet websites. Comment emprunter les documents cités ci-dessous : En tant que membre du personnel de l'OTAN vous pouvez emprunter les livres (Type: M) pour un mois, les revues (Type: ART) et les ouvrages de référence (Type: REF) pour une semaine. Les personnes n'appartenant pas au personnel de l'OTAN peuvent s'adresser à leur bibliothèque locale et emprunter les livres via le système de prêt interbibliothèques. Comment obtenir les publications de la Bibliothèque multimédia : Toutes les publications de la Bibliothèque sont disponibles sur les sites Intranet et Internet de l’OTAN.

 

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Index

ABU GHRAIB PRISON, 24 AFGHAN WAR, 2001---PARTICIPATION, BRITISH, 6 AFGHANISTAN--ARMED FORCES, 24 AFGHANISTAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, CENTRAL, 25 AFGHANISTAN--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 26 AIR WARFARE--HISTORY, 6 ARAB COUNTRIES--FOREIGN RELATIONS, 26 ARAB SPRING, 2010-, 7, 26 ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT, 8 ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT--1993---PEACE, 27 ARCTIC REGIONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--GREAT BRITAIN, 27 ARCTIC REGIONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--RUSSIA (FEDERATION), 28 ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT, 8 ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT--USA, 28 ARMS TRANSFERS--MIDDLE EAST, 28 ARMS TRANSFERS--TAIWAN, 28 ASEAN, 29 ASIA, CENTRAL--NATIONAL SECURITY, 29 AUTHORITARIANISM--MIDDLE EAST, 29 BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--ISRAEL, 30 BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--NATO, 8 BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--USA, 30 BIOLOGICAL NONPROLIFERATION, 30 CHEMICAL ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT--SYRIA, 31 CHINA--ARMED FORCES--OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR, 32 CHINA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--IRAN, 9 CHINA--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 32 COMMUNICATION IN POLITICS, 10 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT--AFRICAN UNION, 32 CONFLICTS--ECONOMIC ASPECTS, 33 CONFLICTS--RELIGIOUS ASPECTS--MIDDLE EAST, 33 COUNTERINSURGENCY, 33 COUNTERINSURGENCY--ISRAEL, 34 CRISIS MANAGEMENT--EU, 34 DRONE AIRCRAFT, 34 DRONE AIRCRAFT--FRANCE, 34 DRONE AIRCRAFT--USA, 10 DRUG TRAFFIC--AFGHANISTAN, 35 EAST ASIA--FOREIGN RELATIONS, 35 EAST CHINA SEA, 35 EGYPT--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 35 ENERGY POLICY--RUSSIA (FEDERATION), 11 ENERGY SECURITY--USA, 36

 

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EU--CSDP, 11, 37 EU--CSDP--OPERATIONS--EUMM, 37 EU--FOREIGN RELATIONS, 38 EU--TURKEY, 12, 38 FAILED STATES--USA, 39 FINLAND--ARMED FORCES, 39 FRANCE--ARMED FORCES, 12 FRANCE--MILITARY RELATIONS--GREAT BRITAIN, 39 GALULA, DAVID, 1919-1967, 13 GEOPOLITICS, 13 GEOPOLITICS--ANTARCTICA, 40 GEOPOLITICS--ARCTIC REGIONS, 14 GEORGIA (REPUBLIC)--NATIONAL SECURITY, 40 GREAT BRITAIN--MILITARY POLICY, 41 GREECE--FOREIGN RELATIONS--TURKEY, 41 HIZBALLAH (LEBANON), 41 INFORMATION WARFARE, 41 INFORMATION WARFARE--USA, 43 INSURGENCY--RUSSIA (FEDERATION), 43 INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES, 14 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, 43 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 15 INTERVENTION (INTERNATIONAL LAW)--USA, 44 INVESTMENTS, FOREIGN--IRAQ, 44 IRAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--AFGHANISTAN, 45 IRAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--USA, 45 IRAN--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 45 IRAQ WAR, 2003-2011, 46 IRAQ--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 46 ISLAMIC COUNTRIES--FOREIGN RELATIONS--USA, 15 JAPAN--ECONOMIC POLICY, 46 JAPAN--MILITARY RELATIONS--EUROPE, 47 JUST WAR DOCTRINE, 47 KENNEDY, JOHN FITZGERALD, 1917-1963--BIOGRAPHY, 15 LEARNED INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES--DIRECTORIES, 16 LIBERIA--ARMED FORCES, 16 LIBYA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011-, 48 LIBYA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011---FOREIGN PUBLIC OPINION, GERMAN, 48 MALI--HISTORY--COUP D'ETAT, 2012, 48 MEDIATION, 49 MERCENARY TROOPS, 50 MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE--TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, 17 NATIONALISM--USSR, 17 NATION-BUILDING--AFGHANISTAN, 50 NATO--ARMED FORCES--AFGHANISTAN, 50 NATO--EUROPE, 50 NATO--MILITARY COMMAND--SHAPE, 18 NATO--MILITARY POLICY, 18 NUCLEAR WARFARE--ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, 51 NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--FRANCE, 51 NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--GREAT BRITAIN, 51 NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--IRAN, 52 NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--USA, 52 OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, 2001-, 19, 53

 

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ORGANIZED CRIME--KOSOVO (REPUBLIC), 53 PAKISTAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--INDIA, 53 PEACE-BUILDING, 53 PERSONNEL MANGEMENT, 19 PETROLEUM, 54 PIRACY, 54 PIRACY--PREVENTION--NATO, 55 PIRACY--SOMALIA--PREVENTION, 55 POST-COMMUNISM--EUROPE, 19 PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES, 55 PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES--SWEDEN, 56 PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES--USA, 56 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY--USA, 20 RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT (INTERNATIONAL LAW), 57 REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS--USA, 57 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION, 58 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS, 58 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, 58 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, CENTRAL, 58 RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS, 59 SECURITY SECTOR REFORM--SIERRA LEONE, 59 SECURITY SECTOR REFORM--TIMOR ISLAND, 59 SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION, 60 SOUTH SUDAN--ARMED FORCES, 60 STRATEGIC PLANNING, 20 SYRIA--HISTORY--PROTESTS, 2011-, 60 TERRORISM--DICTIONARIES, 21 TERRORISM--PREVENTION--INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, 61 TRANSNATIONAL CRIME, 21 TRIDENT (WEAPONS SYSTEMS), 61 TUNISIA--HISTORY--DEMONSTRATIONS, 2010-, 62 TURKEY--FOREIGN RELATIONS--SYRIA, 62 TURKEY--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, 62 UNITED NATIONS--PEACEKEEPING FORCES, 63 USA--ARMED FORCES--EQUIPMENT, 64 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS, 64 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--AFGHANISTAN, 65 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, CENTRAL, 65 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--CHINA, 65 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--EGYPT, 65 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--INDIA, 21 USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--RUSSIA (FEDERATION), 66 USA--STRATEGIC ASPECTS, 22 WAR CRIME TRIALS, 22 WOMEN AND THE MILITARY, 66 WOMEN AND THE MILITARY--USA, 67 WORLD POLITICS, 23

 

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New Books Nouveaux livres

AFGHAN WAR, 2001---PARTICIPATION, BRITISH Investment in Blood : The True Cost of Britain's Afghan War / by Frank Ledwidge. - New Haven, CT : Yale University Press, 2013. x, 269 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025178 Type: M Call Number: 355.4 /01859 ISBN: 9780300190625 Author(s): 1. Ledwidge, Frank Bibliography: p. 249-254. Includes index. 'The author argues here that Britain has paid a heavy cost - both financially and in human terms - for its involvement in the Afghanistan war. He calculates the high price paid by British soldiers and their families, taxpayers in the United Kingdom, and, most importantly, Afghan citizens, highlighting the thousands of deaths and injuries, the enormous amount of money spent bolstering a corrupt Afghan government, and the long-term damage done to the British military's international reputation. In this hard-hitting expose, based on interviews, rigorous on-the-ground research, and official information obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, the author demonstrates the folly of Britain's extended participation in an unwinnable war. Arguing that the only true beneficiaries of the conflict are development consultants, international arms dealers, and Afghan drug kingpins, he provides a powerful, eye-opening, and often heartbreaking account of military adventurism gone horribly wrong.' AIR WARFARE--HISTORY A Century of Air Power : The Changing Face of Air Warfare 1912-2012 / by Dave Sloggett. - Barnsley, UK : Pen & Sword Books, 2013. xvi, 198 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025184 Type: M Call Number: 623 /01193 ISBN: 9781781591925 Author(s): 1. Sloggett, Dave Bibliography: p. 194. Includes index. 'No other technical development since the introduction of gunpowder has had as great an influence on warfare as the aircraft. From its early beginnings as simply a means of aerial reconnaissance to its utter supremacy on the battlefield, the aircraft has evolved into the most versatile and precise killing machine known to man. In this wide-ranging and comprehensive study, the author investigates the changing role and increasing significance of air power over the course of the previous 100 years. This is accomplished by detailing every major conflict during that period including not only the two world wars and the recent conflicts in the Middle East but also the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Falklands War and Russian use of air power in Afghanistan. Air power's role in Malaya, Oman, Kenya and

 

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in Northern Ireland is also explained.' ARAB SPRING, 2010- The People Want : A Radical Exploration of the Arab Uprising / by Gilbert Achcar. - Berkeley, CA : University of California Press, 2013. xii, 310 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025200 Type: M Call Number: 323 /01358 ISBN: 9780520274976 Author(s): 1. Achcar, Gilbert Bibliography: p. 281-301. Includes index. 'The people want.': This first half of slogans chanted by millions of Arab protesters since 2011 revealed a long-repressed craving for democracy. But huge social and economic problems were also laid bare by the protestors' demands. Simplistic interpretations of the uprising that has been shaking the Arab world since a young street vendor set himself on fire in Central Tunisia, on 17 December 2010, seek to portray it as purely political, or explain it by culture, age, religion, if not conspiracy theories. Instead, the author locates the deep roots of the upheaval in the specific economic features that hamper the region's development and lead to dramatic social consequences, including massive youth unemployment. Intertwined with despotism, nepotism, and corruption, these features, produced an explosive situation that was aggravated by post-9/11 U.S. policies. The sponsoring of the Muslim Brotherhood by the Emirate of Qatar and its influential satellite channel, Al Jazeera, contributed to shaping the prelude to the uprising. But the explosion's deep roots, asserts the author, mean that what happened until now is but the beginning of a revolutionary process likely to extend for many more years to come. The author identifies the actors and dynamics of the revolutionary process : the role of various social and political movements, the emergence of young actors making intensive use of new information and communication technologies, and the nature of power elites and existing state apparatuses that determine different conditions for regime overthrow in each case. Drawing a balance-sheet of the uprising in the countries that have been most affected by it until now, i.e. Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain, Libya and Syria, he sheds special light on the nature and role of the movements that use Islam as a political banner. He scrutinizes attempts at co-opting the uprising by these movements and by the oil monarchies that sponsor them, as well as by the protector of these same monarchies : the U.S. government. Underlining the limitations of the 'Islamic Tsunami' that some have used as a pretext to denigrate the whole uprising, the author points to the requirements for a lasting solution to the social crisis and the contours of a progressive political alternative.'

 

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ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT Tsahal : nouvelle histoire de l'armee israelienne / by Pierre Razoux. - Ed. actualisee. - Paris : Perrin, 2006. 714 p. : ill.; 18 cm. ID number: 80025216 Type: M Call Number: 327.5 /00448 ISBN: 9782262027926 Author(s): 1. Razoux, Pierre Bibliography: p. 695-707. 'L'auteur est remonte aux origines historiques d'Israel pour expliquer le role cle de son armee dans la construction du pays. Une force qui fut souvent l'enjeu de luttes politiques interieures, mais aussi sans cesse revigoree par la menace etrangere. Son echec dans la guerre contre le Hezbollah au Sud-Liban, a l'ete 2006, a provoque un electrochoc au sein d'un pays en pleine mutation. Des reformes ont ete lancees, mais, depuis la publication du rapport Winograd, l'avenir reste incertain ...' ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT Arms Control in Space : Exploring Conditions for Preventive Arms Control / by Max M. Mutschler. - Houndmills, UK : Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. xiii, 221 pages ; 23 cm. (Palgrave Studies in International Relations) ID number: 80025185 Type: M Call Number: 327.3 /00718 ISBN: 9781137320636 Author(s): 1. Mutschler, Max M. Bibliography: p. 203-216. Includes index. 'The idea of space control and the militarization or weaponization of space has become increasingly prominent in contemporary society. This book puts the widely held view that 'arms control in space is not feasible' to the test and aims to explore how, and under what conditions, arms control in space is feasible and could become a reality. Developing a hypothesis on the general conditions for preventive arms control, the author uses three major theoretical approaches to international relations, neoliberal institutionalism, neorealism, and constructivism, and examines the unsuccessful case of arms control regarding space weapons and the successful case of arms control in the field of Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABMs).' BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--NATO NATO Missile Defense and the European Phased Adaptive Approach : The Implications of Burden Sharing and the Underappreciated Role of the U.S. Army / by Steven J. Whitmore, John R. Deni. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. xii, 53 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm. ID number: 80025174 Type: M Call Number: 496.3 /00435 ISBN: 1584875909 Author(s): 1. Whitmore, Steven J. 2. Deni, John R. Implications of Burden Sharing and the Underappreciated Role of 'In 2010, NATO decided to expand its ballistic missile defense program, in part because of the American offer to include its European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA) as the centerpiece of an expanded effort. For the Allies' part, few have actually contributed tangible ballistic missile defense assets, in terms of missile interceptors, radars or other sensors, or ballistic missile defense-related platforms. This is likely to have significant implications for the

 

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U.S. Army, which has an important but largely underappreciated role in NATO missile defense today. In particular, the Army is likely to face increased manpower demands, materiel requirements, and training needs in order to meet the demand signal created by the NATO ballistic missile defense program. Additionally, Army units involved directly in or in support of ballistic missile defense are likely to face a higher OPTEMPO than currently projected. Ultimately, this will exacerbate the perceived imbalance in transatlantic burden-sharing, particularly if the EPAA provides little, if any, benefit to the defense of U.S. territory, given Washington's decision to cancel Phase 4 of that framework.' CHINA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--IRAN Chine, Iran, Russie : un nouvel empire mongol ? : quete du leadership et cyberconflictualite : une recomposition geopolitique en Asie centrale. - Panazol : Lavauzelle, 2013. 89 pages : illustrations ; 21 cm. (Renseignement, Histoire & Geopolitique) ID number: 80025209 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01675 ISBN: 9782702515754 'Le 20 mars 2013, le Homeland Security Policy Institute designait des hackers chinois, russes et iraniens comme auteurs des attaques destabilisant les systemes de securite americains. Non contents de multiplier les cyber-intrusions, la Chine, la Russie et l'Iran collaborent aujourd'hui de facon croissante dans le domaine des nouvelles technologies. Dans un contexte marque par l'effacement des frontieres, ces trois pays sont-ils en train de fonder un nouvel empire mongol ou a l'inverse tentent-ils desesperement de preserver leurs influences regionales respectives ? Contrairement a la construction politique de Gengis Khan, ayant unifie l'Eurasie a partir d'un centre turco-mongol, ces allies encerclent une aire de civilisation turque dont ils se sont detournes. Cette alliance pragmatique, fondee sur l'axe sino-iranien, se materialise par des appuis geopolitiques reciproques, une cooperation etroite avec l'arriere-pays energetique russe et la diffusion d'une vision du monde allant a rebours de nos propres stereotypes. Etrangers a la chimere du depassement des cultures par l'abolition des frontieres, la Chine, la Russie et l'Iran peuvent puiser dans leurs histoires respectives des raisons d'exister sous une autre forme que celle d'une citadelle continentale resistant a la mondialisation oceanique. Au-dela de ses leadership et cyberconflictualite : une recomposition carences maritimes, le nouvel empire souffre toutefois de nombreuses fragilites telles que son affaiblissement demographique ou les interets parfois divergents des pays qui le composent. Aussi pourrait-il bouleverser soudainement nos reperes geopolitiques avant de connaitre une recomposition.'

 

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COMMUNICATION IN POLITICS The Hybrid Media System : Politics and Power / by Andrew Chadwick. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2013. xi, 256 pages ; 24 cm. (Oxford Studies in Digital Politics) ID number: 80025203 Type: M Call Number: 659 /00156 ISBN: 9780199759484 Author(s): 1. Chadwick, Andrew Bibliography: p. 217-241. Includes index. 'The diffusion and rapid evolution of new communication technologies has completely reshaped media and politics. But who are the new power players ? Written by a leading scholar in the field, this book is a sweeping and compelling new theory of how political communication now works. The new media system is increasingly defined by organizations, groups, and individuals who are best able to blend old and new within what the author terms a hybrid system. Those who are best able to create, tap, and steer information to suit their goals are, in turn, able to modify, enable, and disable the power of others between a range of older and newer media. The author looks at news making in all of its contemporary 'professional' and 'amateur' forms, from parties and election campaigns, to activist movements, and government communication. He weaves in compelling ethnographic material from American presidential campaigns to WikiLeaks, and from live prime ministerial debates to hotly-contested political scandals. The end result of this wide-ranging book is a map of the emerging balance of power between older and newer media technologies, genres, norms, behaviors, and organizational forms. The author argues that hybrid thinking rejects simple dichotomies, and he reveals how older and newer media logics in the fields of media and politics blend, overlap, intermesh, and coevolve. Political communication has entered a new era. This book reveals how the clash of older and newer media logics is causing chaos and disintegration but also surprising new patterns of order and integration.' DRONE AIRCRAFT--USA The Effectiveness of Drone Strikes in Counterinsurgency and Counterterrorism Campaigns / by James Igoe Walsh. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. xi, 61 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm. ID number: 80025175 Type: M Call Number: 623 /01194 ISBN: 1584875852 Author(s): 1. Walsh, James Igoe 'The United States increasingly relies on unmanned aerial vehicles to target insurgent and terrorist groups around the world. This monograph analyzes the available research and evidence that assesses the political and military consequences of drone strikes. It is not clear if drone strikes have degraded their targets, or that they kill enough civilians to create sizable public backlashes against the United States. Drones are a politically and militarily attractive way to counter insurgents and terrorists, but, paradoxically, this may lead to their use in situations where they are less likely to be effective and where they are difficult to predict consequences.'

 

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ENERGY POLICY--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) L'enjeu energetique dans les Balkans : strategie russe et securite europeenne / by Marina Glamotchak. - Paris : Editions Technip, 2013. xi, 195 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. (Geopolitique) ID number: 80025215 Type: M Call Number: 620 /00173 ISBN: 9782710810339 Author(s): 1. Glamotchak, Marina Includes index. 'Avec l'effondrement du communisme qui a provoque la rupture des equilibres issus du bipolarisme militaire de la guerre froide, la mutation du monde economique a, entre autres bouleversements, initie un nouveau rapport de force. Au point qu'un nouveau 'Grand jeu' se deroule avec, cette fois, pour toile de fond l'approvisionnement energetique de toute une partie de l'Europe. C'est ce nouveau 'Grand jeu' que l'auteur nous decrit ici de facon magistrale avec la double expertise qui est la sienne : celle d'une specialiste de l'energie et d'une experte des Balkans. C'est que les Balkans representent pour la Russie un enjeu essentiel : les exportations d'hydrocarbures constituent une source majeure de revenus en meme temps qu'un excellent instrument d'influence geopolitique. Les positions qu'elle a acquise dans le domaine de l'energie, ainsi que le projet du gazoduc South Stream, doivent l'aider a contrecarrer les mesures prises par l'Union europeenne pour diversifer ses approvisionnements, principalement gaziers. L'Union europeenne veut echapper a une forme de dependance envers Moscou; une dependance qui pese notamment sur certains pays de l'ancien bloc de l'Est, alimentant des tensions a repetition. Outre l'elaboration de cinq projets concurrentiels de gazoducs du Corridor du Sud, l'Union europeenne a mis en place avec les pays de l'Europe du Sud-Est une 'Communaute de l'energie'. Pour les differentes nations des Balkans, l'avenir geopolitique et energetique decrit par l'auteur est egalement passionnant. Ou bien ils se tourneront vers l'Union europeenne, ou bien vers la Russie, pensera-t-on en general. Mais l'auteur laisse entrevoir une troisieme hypothese : ils feront les deux et la Russie, par le biais de l'energie et grace a South Stream, se retrouverait en quelque sorte 'membre honoraire' de l'Union europeenne.' EU--CSDP CSDP : Between Internal Constraints and External Challenges. - Paris : European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2013. 76 pages ; 24 cm. (Report ; 17) ID number: 80025176 Type: M Call Number: 448 /00115 ISBN: 9789291982271 'Improving Europe's military and civilian capabilities in a shifting security environment represents a major challenge for the EU and its member states. For one thing, European countries are having to contend with a climate of economic austerity that makes arguments in favour of investment in defence less convincing than they may (or may not) have been in more affluent times; second, broader geopolitical and strategic trends point towards Europeans assuming greater responsibility for their own security and the protection of European interests abroad; finally, the changing nature of conflict and projections concerning the coming decades call for a recalibration of the EU's approach and appropriate instruments for its engagement in conflicts in its neighbourhood and beyond.'

 

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EU--TURKEY Turkey and the European Union : Facing New Challenges and Opportunities. - Abingdon, UK : Routledge, 2014. xiv, 232 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025201 Type: M Call Number: 441 /00252 ISBN: 9780415828024 Includes index. 'In recent years, Turkey has become an ever more important actor on the international stage. However, Turkey-EU relations still remain in a state of flux. The EU and Turkey seem to have moved apart in their political aspirations after Turkey's EU accession talks faced a stalemate over the Republic of Cyprus' EU accession as a divided island. Likewise, both Turkey and the EU have recently faced new socio-political realities, such as the Eurozone crisis, the Arab Spring and the Turkish government's shifting foreign policy towards the Middle East region. Such developments have rendered EU membership potentially a less desirable prospect for an increasingly self-confident Turkey. In light of these recent events, this book explores the evolving challenges and opportunities facing the more than 50-year-old Turkey-EU relationship. This volume focuses particularly on the role of the Cyprus issue, the potential for closer Turkey-EU co-operation in the aftermath of the Arab Spring, the impact on Turkish citizens and politics, as well as the concept of Europeanization, especially in relation to Turkey's democratic reform process. In drawing together perspectives from the disciplines of international relations, political science and law, this book offers a unique, interdisciplinary outlook towards the changing role of Europe in Turkey's political discourse.' FRANCE--ARMED FORCES Le declin de l'armee francaise / by Catherine Durandin. - Paris : Francois Bourin, 2013. 265 pages ; 21 cm. ID number: 80025211 Type: M Call Number: 355.2 /00403 ISBN: 9782849413647 Author(s): 1. Durandin, Catherine Bibliography: p. 255-257. Includes index. 'L'armee francaise est en danger. Avec l'avenement d'une armee de soldats professionnels, le lien tisse par la conscription entre le soldat et le citoyen s'est delite. De l'Afghanistan a la Libye en passant par la Cote d'Ivoire, le soldat est ignore, les blesses oublies. L'armee, isolee en son code d'honneur et sa discipline, a le blues. Elle subit egalement de plein fouet les effets des economies de budget. Paradoxalement, les citoyens tres attaches a la garantie de leur securite, se satisfont des rituels bien huiles des commemorations, du 14 juillet au 11 novembre. Les Francais restent sensibles a la mise en scene de la puissance nationale. Mais s'en tenir aux parades militaires, c'est s'aveugler. C'est ignorer que la conduite de la guerre se privatise : voici venue l'epoque des mercenaires et des societes militaires privees. Faut-il renoncer ainsi a l'engagement citoyen en faveur de la defense des valeurs democratiques ? Une prise de conscience de la realite des menaces du temps present est necessaire. Le declin de l'armee francaise est-il vraiment ineluctable ?'

 

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GALULA, DAVID, 1919-1967 Galula in Algeria : Counterinsurgency Practice versus Theory / by Gregor Mathias. - Santa Barbara, CA : Praeger Security International, 2011. xix, 143 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm. ID number: 80025198 Type: M Call Number: 355.4 /01862 ISBN: 9780313395758 Author(s): 1. Mathias, Gregor, 1971- Bibliography: p. 131-137. Includes index. 'Given the centrality of David Galula's theory to US Counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine in Iraq and Afghanistan, it is striking that there has been no independent evaluation of Galula's recollection of his COIN operations in Algeria. This book delivers just such an analysis, exploring the colonial French counterinsurrectionary theoretical milieu of which Galula's COIN theory was a part, the influence of Galula's theory on US COIN doctrine, and the current views of Galula's theory in France and other NATO countries. The author compares each of the eight steps of Galula's theory set out in 'Counterinsurgency Warfare' against his practice of them as described in his writings and now, for the first time, against the SAS archives and those of Galula's infantry company and battalion. The study shows that Galula systematically inflated his operational successes to match his theoretical scheme and that he left problems unresolved, causing his work to unravel quickly after he left his command. The author concludes that, however heuristically fruitful Galula's theory might prove for US COIN doctrine, it must be interpreted and implemented under the caveat that it was not successfully field-tested by its author.' GEOPOLITICS Le basculement oceanique mondial / by Olivier Chantriaux, Thomas Flichy de la Neuville. - Panazol : Lavauzelle, 2013. 149 pages ; 24 cm. (Renseignement, Histoire & Geopolitique) ID number: 80025218 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01678 ISBN: 9782702515778 Author(s): 1. Chantriaux, Olivier 2. Flichy de la Neuville, Thomas 'En l'espace de quelques annees, et dans la discretion la plus totale, s'est opere un veritable basculement oceanique autour du pivot iranien. Depourvue de vision oceane large associant la preservation de l'environnement a celle de l'influence culturelle, l'Europe continentale a laisse diminuer son influence a la surface des mers. La France et la Grande-Bretagne, seules, cherchent encore a maintenir une haute exigence strategique. Dans le Pacifique, les ambitions navales des Etats-Unis comme du Japon se sont moderees. L'avance historique prise par les civilisations aventureuses de la Renaissance s'est donc reduite. Cela est d'autant plus paradoxal que la mer represente l'espace privilegie sur lequel des puissance demographiquement faibles mais technologiquement avancees peuvent s'imposer. Malgre la maritimisation croissante de l'economie, de nombreux Etats ont continue a tourner le dos a l'ocean, accelerant, du meme coup, leur marginalisation. C'est le cas de l'Iran, qui a prefere l'enfermement atomique au rayonnement maritime, des pays arabes, toujours, en quete de strategie navale, ou bien de l'Afrique, pillee depuis la mer. Trois civilisations ont, en revanche, opere un retournement maritime notable. Le Bresil, l'Inde comme la Chine se sont lances a la conquete de la mer. Miroirs des ambitions geopolitiques, les oceans ont donc connu un veritable basculement. Or, dans la lutte pour la suprematie, l'archipel oceanique constitue par les Etats-Unis et ses iles alliees,

 

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qu'il s'agisse de la Grande-Bretagne ou du Japon, a de plus en plus de mal a confiner l'alliance continentale eurasienne de circonstance structuree autour de la Chine, de la Russie et de l'Iran. Appuyee sur des facades maritimes telles que la Coree du Nord ou la Syrie, celle-ci effectue aujourd'hui une veritable course a la mer, susceptible de modifier, a moyen terme, l'ordre meme du monde.' GEOPOLITICS--ARCTIC REGIONS Geopolitique de l'Arctique / by Thierry Garcin. - Paris : Economica, 2013. 186 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025214 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01673 ISBN: 9782717865752 Author(s): 1. Garcin, Thierry, 1947- Bibliography: p. 161-166. Includes index. 'L'Arctique est devenu un veritable enjeu des relations internationales. C'est un theatre qui s'ouvre et un nouvel objet de convoitise. Mais c'est aussi un monde complexe, que la grande presse a beaucoup simplifie. Raison de plus pour identifier les grands dossiers et evaluer les logiques de puissance a l'oeuvre, a moyen et a long termes. Dix chapitres, clairement subdivises, identifient les questions cles. Vingt encadres precisent des points essentiels. Un cahier en couleurs central de seize cartes familiarise le lecteur avec cette nouvelle problematique.' INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES Legitimating International Organizations. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2013. xiii, 257 pages ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025197 Type: M Call Number: 4 /00118 ISBN: 9780199672097 Bibliography: p. 231-249. Includes index. 'The legitimacy of international and regional organizations and their actions is frequently asserted and challenged by states and commentators alike. Their authorisations or conduct of military interventions, their structures of decision-making, and their involvement into what states deem to be domestic matters have all raised questions of legitimacy. As international organizations lack the coercive powers of states, legitimacy is also considered central to their ability to attain compliance with their decisions. Despite the prominence of legitimacy talk around international organizations, little attention has been paid to the practices and processes through which such organizations and their member states justify the authority these organizations exercise - how they legitimise themselves both vis-a-vis their own members and external audiences. This book addresses this gap by comparing and evaluating the legitimation practices of a range of international and regional organizations. It examines the practices through which such organizations justify and communicate their legitimacy claims, and how these practices differ between organizations. In exploring the specific legitimation practices of international organizations, this book analyses the extent to which such practices are shaped by the structure of the different organizations, by the distinct normative environments within which they operate, and by the character of the audiences of their legitimacy claims. It also considers the implications of this analysis for global and regional governance.'

 

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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Les grandes questions internationales. - Levallois-Perret : Studyrama, 2013. 290 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025212 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01674 ISBN: 9782759019410 'Cet ouvrage a pour ambition de vous aider a mieux connaitre les themes qui animent aujourd'hui les debats internationaux, de l'economie mondiale en passant par la crise a la situation des Etats les plus strategiques, sans oublier le role de la France. Les themes abordes ne se veulent evidemment pas exhaustifs, mais entendent couvrir un spectre suffisamment large des enjeux internationaux. Chaque sujet est traite de maniere synthetique, complete et actualisee, a partir d'une problematique claire. Volontairement accessible a tous, cet ouvrage interessera principalement les etudiants preparant un examen.' Liber amicorum : hommage en l'honneur du professeur Jacques Fontanel. - Paris : Harmattan, 2013. 435 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. (La Librairie des Humanites) ID number: 80025213 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01676 ISBN: 9782343003771 ISLAMIC COUNTRIES--FOREIGN RELATIONS--USA The Thistle and the Drone : How America's War on Terror Became a Global War on Tribal Islam / by Akbar S. Ahmed. - Washington : Brookings Institution Press, 2013. xi, 424 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm. ID number: 80025204 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01677 ISBN: 9780815723783 Author(s): 1. Ahmed, Akbar S. Includes index. 'This book analyzes the war on terror from an anthropological viewpoint, focusing on the tribal nature of societies that are increasingly the focus of military incursions by the United States, especially through the use of drones, and how the West's anti-terror efforts are decimating tribal communities about which there is little understanding.' KENNEDY, JOHN FITZGERALD, 1917-1963--BIOGRAPHY The Kennedy Half-Century : The Presidency, Assassination, and Lasting Legacy of John F. Kennedy / by Larry Sabato. - New York : Bloomsbury, 2013. xiii, 603 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm. ID number: 80025183 Type: M Call Number: 92 KENN/00003 ISBN: 9781620402801 Author(s): 1. Sabato, Larry Includes index. 'John F. Kennedy died almost half a century ago - yet because of his extraordinary promise and untimely death, his star still resonates strongly. On the anniversary of his assassination, the author explores the fascinating and powerful influence he has had over five decades on the media, the general public, and especially on each of his nine presidential successors. A recent Gallup poll gave JFK the highest job approval rating of any of those successors, and millions remain captivated by his one thousand days in the White House. For all of

 

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them, and for those who feel he would not be judged so highly if he hadn't died tragically in office, this book will be particularly revealing. The author reexamines JFK's assassination using heretofore unseen information to which he has had unique access, then documents the extraordinary effect the assassination has had on Americans of every modern generation through the most extensive survey ever undertaken on the public's view of a historical figure. The full and fascinating results, gathered by the accomplished pollsters Peter Hart and Geoff Garin, paint a compelling portrait of the country a half-century after the epochal killing. Just as significantly, the author shows how JFK's presidency has strongly influenced the policies and decisions - often in surprising ways - of every president since.' LEARNED INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETIES--DIRECTORIES The Europa World of Learning : 2014. Volume I : Introductory Essays. International Organizations. Afghanistan-Myanmar. - 64th ed. - Abingdon, UK : Routledge, 2013. xii, 1557 p.; 29 cm. ID number: 80025171 Type: REF Call Number: 001 /00012 REF ISBN: 9781857436884 Includes index. The Europa World of Learning : 2014. Volume II : Namibia-Zimbabwe. Index. - 64th ed. - Abingdon, UK : Routledge, 2013. xi, 1718 p.; 29 cm. ID number: 80025172 Type: REF Call Number: 001 /00012 REF ISBN: 9781857436891 Includes index. LIBERIA--ARMED FORCES Building Better Armies : An Insider's Account of Liberia / by Sean MacFate. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. xiv, 130 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm. ID number: 80025217 Type: M Call Number: 355.2 /00404 ISBN: 1584875992 Author(s): 1. MacFate, Sean 'Recent events in Mali, Libya, Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere demonstrate that building professional indigenous forces is imperative to regional stability, yet few success stories exist. Liberia is a qualified 'success', and this study explores how it was achieved by the program's chief architect. Liberia suffered a 14-year civil war replete with human rights atrocities that killed 250,000 people and displaced a third of its population. Following President Charles Taylor's exile in 2003, the U.S. contracted DynCorp International to demobilize and rebuild the Armed Forces of Liberia and Ministry of Defense; the first time in 150 years that one sovereign nation hired a private company to raise another sovereign nation's military. This monograph explores the theory and practice behind the successful disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) of the legacy military and security sector reform (SSR) that built the new one. It also considers some of the benefits and difficulties of contracting out the making of militaries. This is significant since the private sector will probably participate increasingly in security sector reform. The monograph concludes with 28 concrete recommendations for practitioners and 6 recommendations for the U.S. Army on how to expand this capability. Finally, this monograph is written by a practitioner for practitioners.'

 

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MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE--TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS Warrior Geeks : How 21st Century Technology Is Changing the Way We Fight and Think About War / by Christopher Coker. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2013. xxv, 330 p. ; 23 cm. ID number: 80025179 Type: M Call Number: 355 /00626 ISBN: 9780199327898 Author(s): 1. Coker, Christopher Bibliography: p. 297-315. Includes index. 'This book examines how technology is transforming the way we think about and fight war, focusing on three major changes driving the process : the technologies aiming to incorporate soldiers into a cybernetic system through which the military can read their thoughts and mold them accordingly; the anticipated coexistence of men and robots on the battlefields of tomorrow; and the extent to which armies may one day be able to reengineer warriors through pharmacological manipulation. Harking back to the Greeks and Aristotle's original conception of virtue ethics and the proper contours of war, the author believes modern humans are on the verge of losing touch with their humanity. War can only be rendered more humane if we recall the wisdom of our ancestors, he claims. Unfortunately, modern society is about to subcontract its ethical self to machines. In revaluing technology, we devalue our humanity, or the posthuman condition, and by changing our functional and performative relationship to technology, we irrevocably alter our subjectivity and the existential dimensions of war.' NATIONALISM--USSR Red Nations : The Nationalities Experience In and After the USSR / by Jeremy Smith. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2013. xix, 391 pages ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025205 Type: M Call Number: 323 /01357 ISBN: 9780521111317 Author(s): 1. Smith, Jeremy, 1964- Bibliography: p. 365-382. Includes index. 'This book offers an illuminating and informative overview of how the non-Russian Republics of the Soviet Union experienced communist rule. It surveys the series of historical events that contributed to the break-up of the Soviet Union and evaluates their continuing resonance across post-Soviet states today. Drawing from the latest research, the author offers comprehensive coverage of the revolutionary years, the early Soviet policies of developing nations, Stalin's purges and deportations of entire nationalities, and the rise of independence movements. Through a single, unified narrative, this book illustrates how, in the post-Stalin period, many of the features of the modern nation-state emerged. This is an indispensable contribution to the history of the dissolution of the USSR, the reconstruction of post-Soviet society, and understanding the lives of non-Russian citizens from the years of the Russian Revolution through to the present day.'

 

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NATO--MILITARY COMMAND--SHAPE SHAPE History : 1951-1952 : The Origin and Development of SHAPE. - [s.l. : [s.n.], 2013 ?. 21 cm. ID number: 80025190 Type: M Call Number: 492.1 /00009 SHA SHAPE History : 1952-1953 : The Command Structure Takes SHAPE. - [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2013 ?. 21 cm. ID number: 80025191 Type: M Call Number: 492.1 /00009 SHAPE History : 1953-1956 : The New Approach. - [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2013 ?. 21 cm. ID number: 80025192 Type: M Call Number: 492.1 /00009 SHAPE History : 1957 : The Political Directive. - [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2013 ?. 21 cm. ID number: 80025193 Type: M Call Number: 492.1 /00009 SHAPE History : 1958 : The Shield. - [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2013 ?. 21 cm. ID number: 80025194 Type: M Call Number: 492.1 /00009 NATO--MILITARY POLICY Blueprints for Battle : Planning for War in Central Europe, 1948-1968. - Lexington, KY : University Press of Kentucky, 2012. xxxvii, 261 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. (Foreign Military Studies) ID number: 80025202 Type: M Call Number: 496.3 /00436 ISBN: 9780813136516 Includes index. 'Analyzing the Cold War as a global conflict, this book describes military planning at the operational level in preparation for total war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Utilizing material from recently opened archives, the editors assemble an international group of scholars to examine the complex plans of the two alliances for a better understanding of the strategies employed by both sides from the end of World War II to the beginning of detente. A meticulous study of the early Cold War, this book examines the perceptions and actions of the rival coalitions, exploring debates about the proper role of NATO, the implications of nuclear weapons, anxieties about America's commitment to Europe, and the coordination of logistical planning among member states. Though the Cold War never wholly exploded, peripheral conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan threatened strategies of nuclear deterrence. Including works originally published in English as well as newly translated material, the book envisions how the world would have changed if NATO and the Warsaw Pact had clashed on the battleground of Central Europe. Although the Cold War has long been subject to discussion and debate, the book offers essential new perspectives on military planning at the brink of war.'

 

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OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, 2001- US Policy in Afghanistan and Iraq : Lessons and Legacies. - Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner, 2012. x, 219 pages ; 24 cm. (Tower Center Political Studies) ID number: 80025196 Type: M Call Number: 341.2 /00538 ISBN: 9781588268099 Bibliography: p. 193-203. Includes index. 'How have the costs, both human and material, of US involvement in the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq affected the country's will for conducting regime-change operations ? What are the implications for issues of strategy ? The authors assess the impact of the two conflicts on US foreign policy, military planning, and capacities for counterinsurgency and state building. They also offer keenly insightful guidance for avoiding the pitfalls and increasing the prospects for success when the United States does intervene.' PERSONNEL MANGEMENT The Invisible Spotlight : Why Managers Can't Hide / by Craig M. Wasserman, Doug Katz. - Houston : Wasserman/Katz, 2011. 148 p. ; 23 cm. ID number: 80025177 Type: M Call Number: 65.012 /00213 ISBN: 9781460926017 Author(s): 1. Wasserman, Craig M. 2. Katz, Doug POLAND--NATIONAL SECURITY White Book on National Security of the Republic of Poland. - Warsaw : National Security Bureau, 2013. 262 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm. ID number: 80025188 Type: M Call Number: 355.4 /01860 ISBN: 9788360846209 'The purpose of this White Book, which is addressed to all state structures, public and non-public organizations and citizens, is to help deepen the knowledge and public awareness of the security of Poland and Polish citizens. The Book has been elaborated on the basis of the National Security Strategic Review (NSSR), including, in particular, the Report of the NSSR Commission, containing key conclusions and recommendations concerning Poland's security policy, including the streamlining of the national security system.' POST-COMMUNISM--EUROPE Why Communism Did Not Collapse : Understanding Authoritarian Regime Resilience in Asia and Europe. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2013. xiv, 375 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025182 Type: M Call Number: 321 /00893 ISBN: 9781107035539 Bibliography: p. 317-361. Includes index. 'This volume brings together a distinguished group of scholars working to address the puzzling durability of communist autocracies in Eastern Europe and Asia, which are the longest-lasting type of nondemocratic regime to emerge after World War I. The volume conceptualizes the communist universe as consisting of the ten regimes in Eastern Europe and Mongolia that eventually collapsed in 1989-1991 and the five regimes that survived the fall of the Berlin Wall : China, Vietnam, Laos, North Korea, and Cuba. Taken together, the essays offer a

 

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theoretical argument that emphasizes the importance of institutional adaptations as a foundation of communist resilience. In particular, the contributors focus on four adaptations : of the economy, of ideology, of the mechanisms for inclusion of potential rivals, and of the institutions of vertical and horizontal accountability. The volume argues that when regimes are no longer able to implement adaptive change, contingent leadership choices and contagion dynamics make collapse more likely. By conducting systematic paired comparisons of the European and Asian cases and by developing arguments that encompass both collapse and resilience, the volume offers a new methodological approach for studying communist autocracies.' PUBLIC DIPLOMACY--USA The United States and the Challenge of Public Diplomacy / by James Snyder. - New York : Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. xxvi, 215 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm. (Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy) ID number: 80025199 Type: M Call Number: 341.7 /00148 ISBN: 9780230390706 Author(s): 1. Snyder, James, 1972- Includes index. 'The attacks of September 11th established a new era of US foreign policy - one marked by a profound focus on public diplomacy. With tremendous resources poured into diplomatic efforts to curry favor with foreign audiences, the efficacy of these efforts are subjected to continual debate in the American political consciousness. Some of the most crucial players in this topic - public diplomats themselves - have been missing from this discussion. Using his personal experience in NATO's Public Diplomacy Division, the author examines the difficulty of communicating in adversarial environments such as Iraq and Afghanistan, the complexity of multi-linguistic communications, and the importance of directing American cultural power in the national interest. The book also critically examines the use of rhetoric, new communications technologies such as the Internet and virtual worlds, and the role of non-governmental organizations that promote cross-cultural understanding and engage in private diplomacy. Finally, the book looks closely at American political culture itself to provide perspective for the nation's image abroad.' STRATEGIC PLANNING Strategic Management of Military Capabilities : Seeking Ways to Foster Military Innovation. - Tokyo : National Institute for Defense Studies, 2013. 224 pages : illustrations ; 21 cm. ID number: 80025186 Type: M Call Number: 355 /00627 ISBN: 9784864820080 NIDS International Symposium on Security Affairs 2012. 'In preparing for the future, which is the core exercise of 'strategic management', it is essential for a country to anticipate and assess various risks that could arise, and to realize 'disruptive' innovations ahead of others that would reverse the position of advantage between their country and others. The possible ways to accomplish these goals would include : investing limited resources selectively and intensively into areas expected to grow in the future; procuring from abroad resources that are too scarce domestically for achieving declared goals; and deliberately establishing a system that would make an organization and its functions change daily in order to speedily cope with changes in environment and competitive conditions. This expertise is already established in the study of management; how to apply it to processes of operating military organizations and of

 

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setting military strategies are the themes of strategic management.' TERRORISM--DICTIONARIES Encyclopedie des terrorismes et violences organisees / by Jacques Baud. - Panazol : Lavauzelle, 2009. 1278 pages : illustrations ; 21 cm. (Renseignement, Histoire & Geopolitique) ID number: 80025210 Type: REF Call Number: 323 /01359 REF ISBN: 9782702514931 Author(s): 1. Baud, Jacques 'Cet ouvrage de reference presente un large panorama de l'environnement terroriste et constitue un outil indispensable a celui qui tente de comprendre la violence moderne. Les divers groupes terroristes ou violents sont presentes de maniere non-partisane avec leurs structures, leurs objects et leur strategie. Le fonctionnement du terrorisme, ses methodes de financement, ses techniques operationnelles, l'articulation des reseaux sont decrits en detail a l'aide d'organigrammes et cartes et en donnent une vision complete. Grace a son systeme de renvois, cet ouvrage permet de suivre les multiples reseaux et d'en comprendre de maniere simple les mecanismes complexes.' TRANSNATIONAL CRIME Crime, Corruption and Instability : An Exploratory Report. - The Hague : Advisory Council on International Affairs, 2013. 102 pages ; 30 cm. ID number: 80025187 Type: M Call Number: 343 /00092 'Chapter I outlines the nexus between crime, corruption and instability. First, the terms are explained and then some connections between crime, corruption and instability are described. Chapter II deals with certain forms of transnational crime which are known to be highly profitable and are bound up with instability and corruption. These are human trafficking, drug trafficking, arms trafficking and illicit profits from the extraction of minerals in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Chapter III considers four approaches to tackling crime : namely the preventive, criminal justice, administrative and financial approaches. In the case of each of these approaches various tools for fighting crime are mentioned. Subsequently the nexus in unstable states is discussed. The last chapter contains conclusions and recommendations.' USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--INDIA Constructing National Security : U.S. Relations with India and China / by Jarrod Hayes. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2013. xii, 211 pages ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025181 Type: M Call Number: 327 /01672 ISBN: 9781107040427 Author(s): 1. Hayes, Jarrod Bibliography: p. 169-202. Includes index. 'The author examines why democracies tend not to use military force against each other. He argues that democratic identity - the shared understanding within democracies of who 'we' are and what 'we' expect from each other - makes it difficult for political leaders to construct external democracies as threats. At the same time, he finds that democratic identity enables political actors to construct

 

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external non-democracies as threats. To explore his argument, he looks at US relations with two rising powers : India and China. Through his argument and case studies, the author addresses not just the democratic peace but also the larger processes of threat construction in international security, the role of domestic institutions in international relations, and the possibility for conflict between the United States and the world's two most populous countries.' USA--STRATEGIC ASPECTS Forging an American Grand Strategy : Securing a Path Through a Complex Future : Selected Presentations from a Symposium at the National Defense University. - Carlisle, PA : US Army War College, 2013. vii, 132 pages : illustration ; 23 cm. ID number: 80025189 Type: M Call Number: 355.4 /01861 ISBN: 158487595X 'On November 8-9, 2011, the National Defense University (NDU) held a conference entitled 'Forging an American Grand Strategy: Securing a Path Through a Complex Future.' The discussion that began at that conference needs to be further developed and continued. More importantly, we, as a nation, need to explore together the path ahead as well as questions that have yet to be answered regarding how and why we, as a nation, struggle with grand strategies. If developed and executed with a systemic orientation, grand strategies could help us shape our future in an ever changing and complex world. This volume represents a compilation of some of the presentations given at the NDU conference. They represent the great diversity of opinions regarding this subject.' WAR CRIME TRIALS The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2013. xxv, 463 pages ; 24 cm. ID number: 80025180 Type: M Call Number: 341.4 /00059 ISBN: 9780199671144 Includes index. 'Many war crimes trials are by now familiar to scholars, but in order to advance understanding of the development of international criminal law, it is important to consider less famous trials. This book provides an essential resource for a more comprehensive overview, uncovering and exploring some of the lesser-known war crimes trials that have taken place in a variety of contexts : international and domestic, northern and southern, historic and contemporary. It analyses these trials with a view to recognizing institutional innovations, clarifying doctrinal debates, and identifying the relevance of such trials to contemporary international criminal law. At the same time, the book recognizes international criminal law's history of suppression or sublimation : What stories has the discipline refused to tell ? What stories have been displaced by the ones it has told ? Has international criminal law's framing or telling of these stories excluded other, perhaps more promising, possibilities ? And - perhaps most important of all - how can recovering the lost stories and imagining new narrative forms reconfigure the discipline ? Many of the trials examined in this book have hardly ever before been discussed; others have been examined only in the most cursory manner. Indeed, until now, no volume has been dedicated to telling the story of these trials, which have yet to find a place in the international criminal law canon.'

 

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WORLD POLITICS The International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who : 2014. - 61st ed. - Leiden : Nijhoff, 2013. xxxiv, 1543 p.; 26 cm. ID number: 80025206 Type: REF Call Number: 321 /00019 REF ISBN: 9789004243743

 

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Journal Articles Articles de revues

ABU GHRAIB PRISON Looking Back : Understanding Abu Ghraib / by George R. Mastroianni., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 53-65.) ID Number: JA029864 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Mastroianni, George R. A decade ago, in the autumn of 2003, a small group of soldiers criminally abused detainees at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. Two divergent narratives explaining these events emerged : a 'bad apple' narrative and a 'bad barrel' narrative. Neither does justice to the complex interplay of policy, organizational, and individual factors that contributed to these tragic events. A perfect storm of poor leadership, chaotic and confusing policy changes, and a small group of corrupt and immoral soldiers produced this fiasco with global consequences. AFGHANISTAN--ARMED FORCES Transition in Afghanistan / by Richard W. Weitz., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 3, Autumn 2013, p. 29-41.) ID Number: JA029853 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Weitz, Richard W. NATO has made progress constructing the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), which have assumed the lead for most combat operations, resulting in declining NATO casualties. The ANSF's ability to suppress the Taliban insurgency, however, depends on NATO's training and equipping it sufficiently to replace the military intelligence, aviation support, logistics, and other enablers NATO now provides. The Afghan government also needs to improve its performance. Further progress is likely, but a renewal of the civil war that devastated Afghanistan in the 1990s remains a fearful possibility.

 

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The Afghan Game : Interests and Moves / by J. K. Baral., 2013. (STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, vol. 37, no. 6, November - December 2013, p. 700-715.) ID Number: JA029921 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Baral, J. K. In Afghanistan, the third Great Game is still on. The end of US-NATO combat operations in Afghanistan by the end of 2014 will be read by many as 'Obama's Vietnam', but the retention of a small number of troops and several military facilities by the US in that country will be a source of worry for countries such as Russia, Iran and Pakistan who are concerned about US motives and moves in regard to the region, especially Central Asia's energy resources which are already a target of international competition. India and Pakistan, who suspect each other's motives in regard to Afghanistan, can significantly help it to achieve peace and development by pursuing a cooperative strategy. Their attitudes towards Afghanistan seem to be experiencing a positive change warranting mutual understanding and cooperation. AFGHANISTAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, CENTRAL Central Asia : Security in the Context of Post-2014 Afghanistan / by Murat Laumulin., 2013. (CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS, vol. 14, no. 3, 2013, p. 7-20.) ID Number: JA029865 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Laumulin, Murat Its geographic location, domestic political complications, ethno-confessional diversity, and involvement in the global shadow economy keep Afghanistan in the center of the intertwining interests of state and extra-state forces. This threatens the country's immediate neighbours and even whole regions and explains that never weakening interest of Pakistan, India, Iran, the Central Asian Soviet successor-states, China, and Russia in what is going on in this country. Problem-2014 and Central Asian Security / by Konstantin Syroezhkin., 2013. (CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS, vol. 14, no. 3, 2013, p. 21-33.) ID Number: JA029866 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Syroezhkin, Konstantin The author analyzes the outcome of the 12 years of the counterterrorist operation in Afghanistan and the problems it has created. He looks at some of the political aspects related to the 2014 pullout and the main threats and challenges to regional security emanating from Afghanistan. The external threats to regional security, their potential exacerbation because of the coalition withdrawal, and their potential localization are likewise analyzed. He also examines the SCO's possible involvement in setting the Afghan problem and the fields and spheres in which this organization could apply its potential.

 

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AFGHANISTAN--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT United States Strategy and Afghan National Security / by Mohammad Darkhor... [et al.]., 2013. (CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS, vol. 14, no. 3, 2013, p. 33-41.) ID Number: JA029867 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Darkhor, Mohammad 2. Kafi, Saeed 3. Sadati, Seyed Hadi The United States attacked Afghanistan in October 2011, beginning the longest war in American history. Ten years later, on 22 June, 2011, Barack Obama announced that the United States would pull American troops out of Afghanistan. While there is a failed government with instability in Afghanistan, the Taliban will remain powerful, carrying out criminal actions against the Afghan people and coalition forces. After withdrawal of the American troops, Afghanistan will pose both challenges and opportunities in the region, but this will depend on America's crisis management in the region. This article analyzes the new situation in Afghanistan after the withdrawal of US troops and the impact the New Obama Strategy will have on Afghanistan's national security. This research adopts a descriptive-analytic approach. It uses books and scholarly articles published in different scientific journals, as well as interviews from government sources and official news agencies. Afghanistan auf einem Weg der Normalisierung / by Reinhard Golks., 2014. (EUROPAISCHE SICHERHEIT & TECHNIK, Nr. 1, 2014, S. 14-17.) ID Number: JA029956 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Golks, Reinhard ARAB COUNTRIES--FOREIGN RELATIONS Propaganda and Power in the Middle East / by Emile Nakhleh., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 758, December 2013, p. 356-363.) ID Number: JA029945 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Nakhleh, Emile Autocrats pervert soft power in the region by peddling the unpersuasive message that all political opponents are terrorists or tools of foreign plots. ARAB SPRING, 2010- The New Middle East : A Critical Appraisal., 2013. (SECURITY DIALOGUE, vol. 44, no. 5 - 6, October - December 2013, Special Issue.) ID Number: JA029916 Type: ART Revolt and Resilience in the Arab Kingdoms / by Zoltan Barany., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 89-101.) ID Number: JA029859 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Barany, Zoltan The eight Arab kingdoms, aside from Bahrain, have weathered the Arab Spring with remarkable ease when compared to presidential republics. What explains the relatively modest upheaval and the ruling elites' success in preserving the status quo ? This article suggests that the

 

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popular legitimacy of the region's monarchies complemented by fragmented political opposition and deep social cleavages limited the appeal of radical revolt. ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT--1993---PEACE Vingt ans apres 'les accords d'Oslo', centralite persistante du conflit israelo-palestinien / by Pierre Berthelot., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 765, decembre 2013, p. 98-104.) ID Number: JA029885 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Berthelot, Pierre C'est en recapitulant l'ensemble des efforts de paix des vingt dernieres annees qu'on mesure combien est mince la probabilite de la voir s'etablir des lors qu'elle serait paradoxalement pour beaucoup source de dangers et que ses inconvenients pourraient etre finalement plus importants que ses avantages. Les recentes revoltes arabes n'ont pas modifie cette donne qui trouve ses racines dans le desequilibre entre acteurs regionaux et dans l'unilateralisme des interventions exterieures. Que reste-t-il des accords d'Oslo ? / by Frederic Encel., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 141, automne 2013, p. 177-189.) ID Number: JA029936 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Encel, Frederic The Oslo Agreements, whose twentieth anniversary has just gone by, are dead and buried. Their fatal flaws include grave disagreements of interpretation, obstruction by Israeli and Palestinian extremists, and the lack of political will on the part of the US and/or Europe. The commentator with an axe to grind will favor one of these explanations, but the honest, unbiased observer cannot but conclude that they all helped undermine a peace process that was supposed to be 'in line with history'. Nonetheless, something of Oslo remains. First, the reciprocal recognition, which has never been officially called into question. Secondly, the spirit of the agreements, led by the principles of land for peace and two states for two peoples. Every opinion poll since 1993 has shown that, even at times of great tension, the Israelis and Palestinians are willing to settle for it. it's not much, but it's something. ARCTIC REGIONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--GREAT BRITAIN Emerging UK Arctic Policy / by Duncan Depledge., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, vol. 89, no. 6, November 2013, p. 1445-1457.) ID Number: JA029882 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Depledge, Duncan How is the United Kingdom engaging with changing geopolitics of the Arctic in the twenty-first century ? This article considers the UK's contemporary interest(s) in the Arctic at a time of unprecedented change in the northern latitudes of our planet. In particular, it focuses on the ongoing emergence of UK Arctic policy as an assemblage of processes involving various actors - government officials, scientists and other academics, environmental campaigners, journalists and the private sector - which not only define UK interests but also delimit what the term 'Arctic' means to, and demands of, the UK. The focus of the article is directed at the recent activities by the Ministry of Defence, the House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee and the related work of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to develop an Arctic Policy Framework, drawing on official government

 

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documents and a series of interviews conducted between 2010 and 2013 for evidence. The article concludes with the author's thoughts on tensions and contradictions that remain in the UK's policy towards the Arctic and the implications this might have at a time when global interest in the Arctic is growing rapidly. ARCTIC REGIONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) Russia and China in the Arctic : A Team of Rivals / by Lincoln E. Flake., 2013. (STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, vol. 37, no. 6, November - December 2013, p. 681-687.) ID Number: JA029924 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Flake, Lincoln E. This article examines Sino-Russian interaction in the Arctic and concludes that, notwithstanding present differences, several factors suggest that cooperation will prevail. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT--USA Revisiting Arms Control Organization, Again / by John Holum., 2013. (ARMS CONTROL TODAY, vol. 43, no. 8, October 2013, p. 14-18.) ID Number: JA029833 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Holum, John The US government's 1999 reorganization of its arms control structure has proven to be a failure. The United States needs to restore the essential elements of the defunct Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, including the direct reporting line to the president. ARMS TRANSFERS--MIDDLE EAST Militarization of the Middle East : Dynamics and Risks / by Natalia Kalinina., 2013. (SECURITY INDEX, no. 4, Fall 2013, p. 21-35.) ID Number: JA029951 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Kalinina, Natalia The crisis in Syria and the long-standing general tensions in the Middle East, compounded by the Arab Spring, draw attention to the region's conventional weapons market, which has been growing rapidly in recent years. The link between the region's militarization and the ongoing fundamental political shifts could cause unpredictable consequences for the entire planet. The author offers an analytical review of the ongoing Middle Eastern conflicts in connection with the conventional arms market. ARMS TRANSFERS--TAIWAN Imbalance in the Taiwan Strait / by Dennis V. Hickey., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 3, Autumn 2013, p. 43-53.) ID Number: JA029854 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Hickey, Dennis V. This study outlines present US policy on arms sales to Taiwan. It also examines options an American administration may wish to consider to address the growing military imbalance in the Taiwan Strait. The author argues that some new thinking may be required if Washington, Beijing, and Taipei hope to realize a peaceful resolution of the 'Taiwan question'.

 

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ASEAN Prospects and Challenges of ASEAN / by Kunal Mukherjee., 2013. (STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, vol. 37, no. 6, November - December 2013, p. 742-757.) ID Number: JA029923 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Mukherjee, Kunal Regionalism has been an important force in international relations since 1945. The aim of this article is to make an assessment of one of the major regional organisations from the Asia Pacific, the ASEAN, or Association of South East Asian Nations. The article attempts to give readers an overview of the problems and prospects of the ASEAN. Although the ASEAN has been successful to a large extent as a regional body, regionalism in South East Asia has been considerably undermined by a number of factors since its creation in 1967. However, in the final analysis, it has been argued that with increasing democratising tendencies in the region and with increasing economic liberalisation, the ASEAN seems to have a bright future. ASIA, CENTRAL--NATIONAL SECURITY Border Security of the Central Asian States on the Eve of the ISAF Pullout / by Pulat Makkambaev., 2013. (CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS, vol. 14, no. 3, 2013, p. 53-64.) ID Number: JA029869 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Makkambaev, Pulat For over 30 years now, the conflict in Afghanistan has been and remains a source of international and regional instability. The crisis developments emerging in the territory of this country threaten the border security of the Central Asian states; what will happen in Afghanistan after the ISAF pullout is causing even more concern. The author analyzes the impact of the Afghan conflict on the border security of the Central Asian states and concludes that bilateral and multilateral efforts to preserve border security should be improved to stave off the threats that might emanate from Afghanistan. AUTHORITARIANISM--MIDDLE EAST Explaining (and Re-Explaining) Political Change in the Middle East during the Arab Spring : Trajectories of Democratization and of Authoritarianism in the Maghreb / by Frederic Volpi., 2013. (DEMOCRATIZATION, vol. 20, no. 6, October 2013, p. 969-990.) ID Number: JA029816 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Volpi, Frederic After the 2011 Arab Spring, a pressing concern is to understand why some authoritarian regimes remain in power while others fall when confronted with similar difficulties. Earlier representations of the success of authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa generated common misperceptions concerning politically effective behaviour in the region. These views, shared by local autocrats and international actors alike, led them to propose ad hoc policy reorientations in response to a contagion of popular uprisings. In their turn, these policy responses directly contributed to the failure of authoritarianism and the production of democratic revolutions in several countries of the region. Such revolutionary options, although structured by the (lack of) opportunities for contestation present in each polity, are not predicable events as they depend on elite mis-assessments of the situation to be effective (as in Tunisia, Libya). Reciprocally, when reform pathways are made available by authoritarian regimes, contestation can be channelled into

 

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non-revolutionary political action (as in Morocco, Algeria). BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--ISRAEL Demystifying Iron Dome / by Peter Dombrowski... [et al.]., 2013. (NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 126, July - August 2013, p. 49-59.) ID Number: JA029846 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Dombrowski, Peter 2. Kelleher, Catherine 3. Auner, Eric Israel's vaunted Iron Dome missile-defense system, so successful in the country's November 2012 effort to thwart Palestinian rocket attacks from Gaza, has been heralded by some as a prototype for huge global defensive shields that could render ballistic missiles obsolete around the world. But, despite its impressive technical achievements, Iron Dome is a limited system with limited applicability. BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES--USA Missile Defense Against Iran Without Threatening Russia / by Jaganath Sankaran., 2013. (ARMS CONTROL TODAY, vol. 43, no. 9, November 2013, p. 15-21.) ID Number: JA029947 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Sankaran, Jaganath All recent US efforts after the conclusion of the 2010 New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) to move ahead on bilateral nuclear arms reductions with Russia have stalled over Russian concerns regarding the capabilities of the European Phased Adaptive Approach, as the Obama administration's missile defense policy in Europe is formally known, and its effect on Russian nuclear retaliatory potential. BIOLOGICAL NONPROLIFERATION Regime Security : A New Theory for Understanding the Proliferation of Chemical and Biological Weapons / by Gregory D. Koblentz., 2013. (CONTEMPORARY SECURITY POLICY, vol. 34, no. 3, December 2013, p. 501-525.) ID Number: JA029903 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Koblentz, Gregory D. The literature on the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons (CBW) emphasizes the role of external security threats as the primary motive for states to acquire and use these weapons. As recent events in Syria demonstrate, governments lacking political legitimacy may use these weapons to repress domestic challenges to their rule. The concept of regime security provides a theoretical framework for understanding how the threat of military coups, insurgencies, or domestic rivals influences the acquisition and use of CBW by authoritarian regimes. The cases of South Africa and Iraq illustrate how a government's concerns about internal security threats can impact its CBW proliferation decision-making. Omitting regime security as a factor in CBW decision-making may lead to the adoption of inappropriate nonproliferation and deterrent strategies. In light of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's use of chemical weapons against his own people, developing a deeper understanding of the influence of regime security on the acquisition and use of chemical and biological weapons should be a priority.

 

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Dissuading Biological Weapons Proliferation / by Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley., 2013. (CONTEMPORARY SECURITY POLICY, vol. 34, no. 3, December 2013, p. 473-500.) ID Number: JA029902 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ouagrham-Gormley, Sonia Ben The terrorist and anthrax attacks of 2001 spurred many countries to raise defences against a possible biological weapon attack, and potentially dissuade state and non-state actors from developing these weapons. Yet these programmes' dissuasive value - creating strong barriers to entry - has never been analysed. This article argues that current biodefence efforts are counterproductive and more persuasive than dissuasive, because they rest on a biological threat narrative that emphasizes the benefits of bioweapons rather than their problematic development and use, and they fail to impose a high cost of entry in the bioweapons field. The dominant biological weapons narrative perpetuates several misconceptions, including that there are no barriers to biological weapons development, that expertise is easily acquired from scientific documents, and that new technologies are black boxes with de-skilling effects. The net result is popularization of a cost/benefit analysis in favour of bioweapons development. To remedy the situation, the author suggests correcting these misconceptions by reshaping the biological threat narrative, and recommends policies to achieve a greater dissuasive impact, stressing the role of the Biological Weapons Convention, preventing access to tacit biological weapons skills, and criminalizing bioweapons proliferation by making the development and use of biological weapons a crime against humanity. CHEMICAL ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT--SYRIA Destroying Syria's Chemical Weapons / by Mark Fitzpatrick., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 6, December 2013 - January 2014, p. 107-114.) ID Number: JA029928 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Fitzpatrick, Mark There are many ways the plan could go wrong, but initially it has worked better than expected. If this positive course continues there will be far-reaching benefits. Ridding Syria of Chemical Weapons : Next Steps / by Jean Pascal Zanders, Ralf Trapp., 2013. (ARMS CONTROL TODAY, vol. 43, no. 9, November 2013, p. 8-14.) ID Number: JA029946 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Zanders, Jean Pascal 2. Trapp, Ralf The two international organizations overseeing the destruction of Syria's chemical weapons face an imposing assortment of legal, political, and logistical challenges. But if successful, the effort could spur longer-term peace and security in the Middle East and offer a starting point for inclusive discussions to end the Syrian civil war.

 

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CHINA--ARMED FORCES--OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR China's Military Operations Other than War : The UK Experience and Opportunities for the West / by Miwa Hirono, Manshu Xu., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 74-82.) ID Number: JA029899 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Hirono, Miwa 2. Xu, Manshu Although political friction and ideological differences between China and the West can hamper cooperation in missions known as 'military operations other than war', the UK and China have achieved a certain level of success in this regard, particularly in relation to UN peacekeeping and counter-piracy operations. In this article, the authors argue that the key has been to use multilateral platforms to frame bilateral collaboration, thereby diminishing Chinese perceptions of the associated political risks. Thus it is useful for Western militaries to exploit multilateralism to make military cooperation more attractive to China. CHINA--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT How China Is Ruled : Why It's Getting Harder for Beijing to Govern / by David M. Lampton., 2014. (FOREIGN AFFAIRS, vol. 93, no. 1, January - February 2014, p. 74-84.) ID Number: JA029931 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Lampton, David M. Can Xi's Governing Strategy Succeed ? / by Cheng Li, Ryan MacElveen., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 755, September 2013, p. 203-209.) ID Number: JA029829 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Li, Cheng 2. MacElveen, Ryan Chinese President Xi Jinping and the technocrats around him have put forward an ambitious economic agenda. But attempting market reforms while resisting political change will likely prove difficult - and will almost certainly invite unrest. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT--AFRICAN UNION The AU Continental Early Warning System : From Conceptual to Operational ? / by Alexander Noyes, Janette Yarwood., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING, vol. 20, no. 3, June 2013, p. 249-262.) ID Number: JA029876 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Noyes, Alexander 2. Yarwood, Janette Despite criticism from scholars, the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) at the African Union (AU) has recently made significant progress in its capacity to monitor, analyse, and provide warning of impending conflict situations in Africa. However, CEWS remains constrained by human resource limitations, inchoate cooperation and information sharing with the early warning efforts of regional organizations, and unsystematic coordination with the various AU organs focusing on peace and security. Additionally, although the early warning-early response gap is narrowing at the AU, early response mechanisms continue to be constrained by limited capacity and

 

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issues of political will, as high-level political disagreements and issues of sovereignty militate against effective preventive action. Based on over two-dozen interviews with senior-level CEWS and AU officials, along with other relevant stakeholders, this paper highlights recent operational progress, identifies remaining gaps, and forwards policy options for the AU and international community to build on the gains of CEWS. CONFLICTS--ECONOMIC ASPECTS The Economic Impact of Violent Conflict., 2013. (DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS, vol. 24, no. 6, December 2013, Special Issue.) ID Number: JA029919 Type: ART CONFLICTS--RELIGIOUS ASPECTS--MIDDLE EAST Religious Armed Conflict and Discrimination in the Middle East and North Africa., 2013. (CIVIL WARS, vol. 15, no. 4, December 2013, p. 407-470 (several articles).) ID Number: JA029891 Type: ART COUNTERINSURGENCY Beyond Clear-Hold-Build : Rethinking Local-Level Counterinsurgency after Afghanistan / by David H. Ucko., 2013. (CONTEMPORARY SECURITY POLICY, vol. 34, no. 3, December 2013, p. 526-551.) ID Number: JA029904 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ucko, David H. Despite a highly uneven track record, clear-hold-build has remained a dominant, even universal, approach to counterinsurgency. Its prevalence is rooted in its incontestable sequencing of operations and the attendant promise of a linear path towards peace. Yet the appeal of this approach also makes it deceptive and possibly dangerous. Clear-hold-build is not a strategy and must not be mistaken for one, as it has been in Afghanistan, where it inspired false hope for swift progress. Instead, it is necessary to reach a more problematized view of this approach and of what it aims to achieve. This article provides such an evaluation, proposing five principles that should guide its future application. These principles point to the need for a far deeper understanding of how security, development, and governance interact at the local level. Counterinsurgents must understand the relationships between aid and security, between government and governance, and between state and periphery. Where the central government is predatory or lacks support, clear-hold-build also raises difficult questions of authority, legitimacy and control - questions that counterinsurgents must be capable of answering. Thus problematized, clear-hold-build emerges as a framework with heuristic utility; a schema that can be helpful in planning but which must at the time of application be populated by knowledge, substance, and skill. The implications of these requirements are troubling, particularly for those governments still in the business of armed intervention.

 

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COUNTERINSURGENCY--ISRAEL Deterring Insurgents : Culture, Adaptation and the Evolution of Israeli Counterinsurgency, 1987-2005 / by Niccolo Petrelli., 2013. (JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES, vol. 36, no. 5, October 2013, p. 666-691.) ID Number: JA029819 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Petrelli, Niccolo This article studies the Israeli 'way of war' in counterinsurgency in the period 1987-2005 by analysing the characteristic features of Israel's approach and its ability to adapt to the challenges posed by the Palestinian and Lebanese insurgencies. It first outlines the evolution of the Israeli counterinsurgency. It subsequently examines the Israeli approach through the lens of the country's strategic culture, illuminating its features, rationales and goals, and concludes by examining to what extent Israel managed to adapt to the challenges of fighting insurgents. CRISIS MANAGEMENT--EU 'Hard Power' und 'Soft Power' : der Beitrag der EU zur Krisenpravention, Krisenmanagement und Friedensunterstutzung / by Martin Pabst., 2013. (EUROPAISCHE SICHERHEIT & TECHNIK, Nr. 12, Dezember 2013, S. 10-13.) ID Number: JA029887 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Pabst, Martin DRONE AIRCRAFT Quels pilotes pour le drone de combat, l'UCAV ?., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 764, novembre 2013, p. 96-107.) ID Number: JA029825 Type: ART Comment selectionner, former, preparer les pilotes de drones armes ? Quelle organisation adopter pour integrer ces combattants qui sont hors du lieu de l'action dans le theatre de l'engagement ? Comment prendre en compte la revolution qui se profile du fait aerien militaire ? Des reponses sont esquissees. DRONE AIRCRAFT--FRANCE Les drones de surveillance en France demain / by Patrick Curlier, Patrick Durieux., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 764, novembre 2013, p. 91-95.) ID Number: JA029824 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Curlier, Patrick 2. Durieux, Patrick Vue par un industriel de reference, la montee en puissance des drones militaires de surveillance est l'histoire parallele d'une expression de besoin militaire evolutive a la faveur des crises de ces dernieres decennies et d'une reponse technologique de plus en plus sophistiquee qui debouche aujourd'hui sur un produit endurant, modulaire et simple de deploiement et d'emploi. C'est aussi l'histoire de la capacite de reponse de l'industrie francaise d'armement aux evolutions tactiques et techniques.

 

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DRUG TRAFFIC--AFGHANISTAN Drug Trafficking and Organised Crime in Afghanistan : Corruption, Insecurity and the Challenges of Transition / by David Bewley-Taylor., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 6-17.) ID Number: JA029892 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bewley-Taylor, David In November 2013, the UN's Afghanistan Opium Survey reported a 36 per cent rise in opium poppy cultivation, with opium production up by almost half since 2012. This situation has long been recognised as a security threat, with effective programmes to address the complex links between opium trafficking, organised crime and insecurity in Afghanistan more important than ever given the transfer of responsibility for security and governance, by the end of 2014, to the Afghan government. The author questions the current focus of counter-narcotics policies and highlights the key challenges likely to impede the reduction of organised crime in Afghanistan post-2014. EAST ASIA--FOREIGN RELATIONS Soft Power's Rise and Fall in East Asia / by Jing Sun., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 755, September 2013, p. 217-223.) ID Number: JA029831 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Sun, Jing As relations in the region have hardened, some observers dismiss the efficacy of 'charm offensives'. But soft power, properly understood, depends on more than popular culture. Political values must be attractive as well. EAST CHINA SEA Sea Power, Maritime Disputes, and the Evolving Security of the East and South China Seas / by Alessio Patalano., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 48-57.) ID Number: JA029896 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Patalano, Alessio The sea sets East Asia apart from other regional systems that influence international economic, political and military affairs. The author argues that in East Asia, the centrality of the maritime realm to economic and political matters is transforming it into a primary battleground for national ambitions. Meanwhile, the wide range of functions exercised by maritime forces puts them at the forefront of both competition and the management of security issues and regional stability. Maritime security issues are therefore likely to remain high on the regional agenda in East Asia, although the risk of escalation to war may not be as high as is often assumed. EGYPT--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT Egypt : Diplomacy and the Politics of Change / by Robert Bowker., 2013. (MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL, vol. 67, no. 4, Autumn 2013, p. 581-591.) ID Number: JA029821 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bowker, Robert

 

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The Return of Egypt's Deep State / by Augustus Richard Norton., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 758, December 2013, p. 338-344.) ID Number: JA029942 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Norton, Augustus Richard Mohamed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood were political naifs, but they never really had a chance against a bureaucratic behemoth determined to protect its privileges. Egypte : les mirages de la democratie / by Sophie Pommier., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 141, automne 2013, p. 205-218.) ID Number: JA029937 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Pommier, Sophie The events that unfurled in Egypt in the summer of 2013 - the army's ousting of President Mursi and the wave of crackdowns on the Muslim Brotherhood - are far-reaching. Has the comeback of the military, along with many other stalwarts of the old regime, sealed the fate of the Egyptian Spring ? Or is it merely a blip in the transition to democracy, which needs time to bed in ? Either way, the solid show of confidence by the new masters of Egypt has made a good impression in business circles ... the euphoria might be short-lived. Labor unrest and public protest, a backlash against the political crackdowns or even a wave of terrorism could easily halt any recovery in its tracks - especially since a fairer redistribution of wealth seems incompatible with the continuing control of the economy by the army, which recently strengthened its grip on the country. It goes to show that for all the hopes raised by the Arab Springs, any prospect of genuine democracy in Egypt looks distant. ENERGY SECURITY--USA How Oil Influences U.S. National Security / by Charles L. Glaser., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 38, no. 2, Fall 2013, p. 112-146.) ID Number: JA029844 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Glaser, Charles L. How do states' oil requirements influence US national security ? Although a great deal of attention has focused on 'energy security', scholars and policy-makers lack satisfactory answers because little analysis links states' energy requirements with the probability of military conflict. Developing an analytic catalogue of the ways in which states' oil requirements could influence US national security is the first step in closing this gap. Possible mechanisms include vulnerable access to oil that threatens a state's military capability; military policies designed to protect access to oil that threaten another state's military capability, which in turn create an access-driven security dilemma; and oil reserves that increase the value of territory, generating a conflict that draws in the United States via an alliance commitment. A distinctive feature of this framework is that some of these mechanisms identify threats to US security that flow from another country's consumption of oil, not from US consumption. Of particular importance is the potential danger that Chinese oil imports create for US security - China's efforts to protect its sea lines of communication are fueling military competition that could strain US-China relations and increase the probability of conflict between them. Policy options for dealing with these dangers share little with the standard options prescribed for dealing with the dangers related to Persian Gulf oil and US oil consumption.

 

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EU--CSDP The Material Roots of European Strategy : Beyond Culture and Values / by Tom Dyson., 2013. (CONTEMPORARY SECURITY POLICY, vol. 34, no. 3, December 2013, p. 419-445.) ID Number: JA029900 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Dyson, Tom This article undertakes a critical examination of the analytical leverage provided by the literature on strategic culture in explaining the development of the European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). It posits that patterns of progress and stasis in CSDP cannot be fully explained by processes of normative convergence and the resilience of national strategic cultures. Instead, the article argues that a focus on material power sheds greater light on the dynamics driving and hindering Europe's quest for military autonomy. It highlights how the 'balance of threat' is fostering both convergence and differentiation in the defence policies of Britain, France, and Germany. Through case studies of the development of British, French, and German policy towards CSDP and NATO, the article demonstrates the important roles played by energy dependency and geographical position in determining the willingness of European states to embed their defence policies in NATO/CSDP or pursue national strategic autonomy. The article argues that strategic culture can provide valuable insights into European defence cooperation; however, this contribution is best framed within the theoretical insights of neoclassical realism. By highlighting the nature of the variables determining the scope and depth of European defence cooperation, the article raises a number of policy implications for European security. EU--CSDP--OPERATIONS--EUMM The EU's Security Actorness : The Case of EUMM in Georgia / by Maria Raquel Freire, Licinia Simao., 2013. (EUROPEAN SECURITY, vol. 22, no. 4, December 2013, p. 464-477.) ID Number: JA029912 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Freire, Maria Raquel 2. Simao, Licinia This article addresses conceptually the European Union (EU)'s security actorness, explaining its meaning, identifying the factors that are constitutive to the concept, and analyzing whether the EU is a security actor in Georgia, through its increased presence and engagement in the country and its eventual implications for the South Caucasus. The article argues that the complementary nature of the different EU tools deployed on the ground and their comprehensive nature have contributed to the EU's consolidation as a security actor in the South Caucasus. However, and despite the successful assessments of the European Union Monitoring Mission in the context of common security and defense policy development, the mission's deployment and its contribution to regional stability are influenced to a great extent by the role and involvement of external players, in particular in this case, that of Russia.

 

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EU--FOREIGN RELATIONS Europe : Strategic Drifter / by Jakub Grygiel., 2013. (NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 126, July - August 2013, p. 31-38.) ID Number: JA029848 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Grygiel, Jakub Europe's financial crisis gets the headlines, but underneath lurk multiple strategic challenges - Russia's increasing assertiveness, fostered in part by Western arms deals; an increasingly vulnerable eastern flank; nervous frontier states opting to arm themselves; and Europe's own fecklessness. All this threatens not only Europe but also America's position in the world. EU--TURKEY EU Conditionality and Desecuritization Nexus in Turkey / by Sinem Akgul Acikmese., 2013. (SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN AND BLACK SEA STUDIES, vol. 13, no. 3, September 2013, p. 303-323.) ID Number: JA029907 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Acikmese, Sinem Akgul Borrowing the Copenhagen school's lexicon of desecuritization, the present paper appraises the EU's role as a desecuritization agent for Turkey, with a particular focus on security speech-acts about 'Kurdish separatism' and 'political Islam'. Taking up the illustrative cases of silencing the military and abandoning limits to freedom of speech reflected in EU-Turkey accession documents, this paper observes the ways in which the EU membership conditionality has been an important catalyst for Turkey's desecuritizations; yet argues that the EU's impact is limited due to the necessities of the interplay between various desecuritization agents/processes as well as the existence of EU conditionality efficacy factors. Europeanization or Endogenous Institutional Change ? The Case of Turkey / by Faidon Zaras., 2013. (SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN AND BLACK SEA STUDIES, vol. 13, no. 3, September 2013, p. 341-363.) ID Number: JA029909 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Zaras, Faidon The Europeanization literature has successfully highlighted the effects of the EU impetus on Turkish domestic actors' incentives and ability to pursue democratizing reforms. Given the on-going institutional transformation despite the loss of the EU momentum and limited internalization of democratic norms, it is argued that explaining institutional change would greatly benefit from an analytical framework fit to account for both phases of Turkey's transformation. This study uses a rationalist analytical framework to explore the on-going process of institutional change, focusing on Kemalism as a primarily endogenous institution. Acknowledging the link between the Helsinki Summit and the launch of institutional reform, the evolution of an analytically defined Kemalism is traced and explained in terms of anti-Kemalism collective action facilitated by the instrumentally motivated AKP government.

 

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FAILED STATES--USA The Rise and Fall of the Failed-State Paradigm : Requiem for a Decade of Distraction / by Michael J. Mazarr., 2014. (FOREIGN AFFAIRS, vol. 93, no. 1, January - February 2014, p. 113-121.) ID Number: JA029933 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Mazarr, Michael J. After a decade of conflict and effort with precious little to show for it, the recent era of interventionist US state building is drawing to a close. And although there are practical reasons for this shift - the United States can no longer afford such missions, and the public has tired of them - the decline of the state-building narrative reflects a more profound underlying truth : the obsession with weak states was always more of a mania than a sound strategic doctrine. Its passing will not leave the United States more isolationist and vulnerable but rather free the country to focus on its more important global roles. FINLAND--ARMED FORCES Wehrhalft neutral, aber europaisch : die finnischen Streitkrafte heute / by Peter E. Uhde., 2014. (EUROPAISCHE SICHERHEIT & TECHNIK, Nr.1, 2014, S. 55-56.) ID Number: JA029955 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Uhde, Peter E. FRANCE--MILITARY RELATIONS--GREAT BRITAIN Understanding the Workings of Interstate Cooperation in Defence : An Exploration into Franco-British Cooperation after the Signing of the Lancaster House Treaty / by Alice Pannier., 2013. (EUROPEAN SECURITY, vol. 22, no. 4, 2013, p. 540-558.) ID Number: JA029915 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Pannier, Alice Cooperation occurs more often than conflict in the international system. However, its practicalities have been little conceptualised in International Relations. Through an empirical study of the workings of contemporary Franco-British cooperation in defence, this article offers a multidimensional analysis of interstate cooperation taking into account organisational, political, material and cognitive factors. By studying their centripetal and centrifugal effects, this article shows why each factor is relevant for understanding what favours and impedes the emergence and continuation of intergovernmental cooperation. It notably demonstrates how domestic interorganisational dynamics have an impact on relations with foreign partners. This article also shows how bridging the traditional divide between approaches based on interets and approaches based on beliefs allows us to identify the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation.

 

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GEOPOLITICS--ANTARCTICA Britain and the British Antarctic Territory in the Wider Geopolitics of the Antarctic and the Southern Ocean / by Klaus Dodds, Alan D. Hemmings., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, vol. 89, no. 6, November 2013, p. 1429-1444.) ID Number: JA029883 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Dodds, Klaus 2. Hemmings, Alan D. Britain's contemporary and future relationship with the British Antarctic Territory and the wider region is the subject matter of this article. In the aftermath of the ill-fated plans for a merger of British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and the National Oceanography Centre, it is timely to ask how the UK projects influence and secures its scientific, resource and strategic interests. The contemporary Antarctic is increasingly characterized by tension over resource management and conservation politics as Antarctic Treaty parties disagree, both in private and public, over the purpose of legal instruments and the regulation of activities such as fishing and marine conservation. While the authors do not predict the collapse of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), their analysis suggests that the effectiveness and legitimacy of the ATS is increasingly under challenge. The United Kingdom's position as a claimant state and original signatory to the Antarctic Treaty is complicated by the presence of counter-claimants (Argentina and Chile) and a wider preoccupation with other overseas territories, such as South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands and the Falkland Islands. Polar science, carried out by BAS and other British agents, remains critical not only for maintaining the UK's 'soft power' but also increasingly for cementing a 'strategic presence' in the Antarctic. The article ends with a cautionary note : scientific excellence is no longer sufficient to guarantee geopolitical/strategic interests and there is growing evidence that claimant and non-claimant states alike are no longer regarding Antarctic as an area that will remain free of intensifying and diversifying resource exploitation. GEORGIA (REPUBLIC)--NATIONAL SECURITY Framing National Security Objectives : The Cases of Georgia and Azerbaijan / by Vahram Ter-Matevosyan., 2013. (SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN AND BLACK SEA STUDIES, vol. 13, no. 3, September 2013, p. 325-340.) ID Number: JA029908 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram Between 2005 and 2007, Georgia and Azerbaijan developed their respective National Security Concepts. The article comparatively examines the existing policy patterns of territorial reintegration in these two countries and focuses on how that question is reflected in these important political documents. Comparative study of National Security Concepts of two South Caucasian states sheds light on the contextual features, the differences and similarities of pursuing territorial reintegration goals.

 

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GREAT BRITAIN--MILITARY POLICY British National Strategy : Who Does It ? / by Hew Strachan., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 43-52.) ID Number: JA029863 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Strachan, Hew Since 2010, four Parliamentary committees have criticized Britain's failure to promote its capacity for strategy making. Publicly, this failure is identified with the decisions of 2002-03, and especially with the invasion of Iraq. But the 1998 Strategic Defence Review was in trouble before the 9/11 attacks because it was underfunded. More culpable was Britain's failure to learn and adapt in 2006. The formation of the National Security Council by the 2010 coalition has yet to deliver. GREECE--FOREIGN RELATIONS--TURKEY Sustaining Rapprochement ? Greek-Turkish Relations, Low Politics and Regional Volatility., 2013. (SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN AND BLACK SEA STUDIES, vol. 13, no. 3, September 2013, p. 401-468 (several articles).) ID Number: JA029910 Type: ART HIZBALLAH (LEBANON) The Hybrid Terrorist Organization : Hezbollah as a Case Study / by Eitan Azani., 2013. (STUDIES IN CONFLICT AND TERRORISM, vol. 36, no. 11, November 2013, p. 899-916.) ID Number: JA029905 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Azani, Eitan Since 1982, Hezbollah has evolved from a 'revolutionary vanguard' terrorist organization bent on violently overthrowing the Lebanese government to a hybrid terrorist organization that uses legitimate political tools to the same end. Today Hezbollah operates on the civilian plane of da'wa, social welfare, and religious education; the military-Resistance plane (jihad); and the political plane. In its drive to dominate Shi'ite society, Hezbollah overcame its chief rival, Amal, and now plays a decisive role in Lebanon's political system and the Middle East. Understanding Hezbollah's emergence as a prototypical hybrid terrorist organization is key to understanding global and local jihad movements. INFORMATION WARFARE Cyber : la guerre a commence. 1ere partie., 2013. (SECURITE GLOBALE, no. 23, printemps 2013, p. 25-71 (plusieurs articles).) ID Number: JA029874 Type: ART (SECURITE GLOBALE, no. 24, ete 2013, p. 7-80 (plusieurs articles).) ID Number: JA029875 Type: ART

 

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The Myth of Cyberwar : Bringing War in Cyberspace Back Down to Earth / by Erik Gartzke., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 38, no. 2, Fall 2013, p. 41-73.) ID Number: JA029842 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Gartzke, Erik Cyberwar has been described as a revolution in military affairs, a transformation of technology and doctrine capable of overturning the prevailing world order. This characterization of the threat from cyberwar, however, reflects a common tendency to conflate means and ends; studying what could happen in cyberspace (or anywhere else) makes little sense without considering how conflict over the internet is going to realize objectives commonly addressed by terrestrial warfare. To supplant established modes of conflict, cyberwar must be capable of furthering the political ends to which force or threats of force are commonly applied, something that in major respects cyberwar fails to do. As such, conflict over the internet is much more likely to serve as an adjunct to, rather than a substitute for, existing modes of terrestrial force. Indeed, rather than threatening existing political hierarchies, cyberwar is much more likely to simply augment the advantages of status quo powers. The Meaning of the Cyber Revolution : Perils to Theory and Statecraft / by Lucas Kello., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 38, no. 2, Fall 2013, p. 7-40.) ID Number: JA029841 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Kello, Lucas While decisionmakers warn about the cyber threat constantly, there is little systematic analysis of the issue from an international security studies perspective. Some scholars presume that the related technology's scientific complexity and methodological issues prohibit orderly investigation; only a minimum degree of technical acuity is needed, however, revealing the scope of maneuver in the cyber domain. Other skeptics argue that the cyber peril is overblown, contending that cyber weapons have no intrinsic capacity for violence and do not alter the nature or means of war. This view misses the essence of the danger and conceals its true significance : the new capability is expanding the range of possible harm and outcomes between the concepts of war and peace - with important implications for national and international security. The cyber domain, moreover, features enormous defense complications and dangers to strategic stability : offense dominance, attribution difficulties, technological volatility, poor strategic depth, escalatory ambiguity, and proliferation to nontraditional and subversive actors. But even if the cyber danger is overstated, the issue merits serious scholarly attention. Whatever the current cyber revolution signifies, it is detrimental to the intellectual progress and policy relevance of the field to continue to avoid its central questions.

 

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INFORMATION WARFARE--USA The Evolving U.S. Cybersecurity Doctrine / by Derek Johanson., 2013. (SECURITY INDEX, no. 4, Fall 2013, p. 37-50.) ID Number: JA029952 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Johanson, Derek Since the 2010 public discovery of the Stuxnet virus, cybersecurity has continued to vie for center stage in the global international security dialogue. For the first time in history, in March 2013 cybersecurity risks were declared the leading threat against the United States. However, the legal, military, and international understanding of cybersecurity developed in the US has been anything but unified, and continues to send mixed messages to the global community. INSURGENCY--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Russia : Contending Paradigms and Current Perspectives / by Younkyoo Kim, Stephen Blank., 2013. (STUDIES IN CONFLICT AND TERRORISM, vol. 36, no. 11, November 2013, p. 917-932.) ID Number: JA029906 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Kim, Younkyoo 2. Blank, Stephen The most outstanding trend in contemporary conflicts has been the fusion of the threats from terrorism and insurgency. Insurgent threats in many places on the globe today are mistaken as terrorist threats, and counterterrorism (CT) is deployed as the local insurgents come increasingly to resemble their transnational terrorist partners. Such an emphasis on the role of terrorism in insurgencies and the undue focus on CT risks strengthening, rather than severing, the connection between local insurgents and transnational terrorists. Russia's counterterrorist strategy inadvertently transformed the conflict from a contained, nationalist rebellion to a sprawling jihadi insurgency and perversely encouraged the group to resort even more to terrorist tactics. The Russian counterinsurgency has been unsuccessful, as the insurgents are neither demolished as a force nor are they isolated by society. Losing the hearts and minds among the Chechen people is a key reason behind why the Russian operation in Chechnya suffered failures. Too little attention was paid to winning over the 'hearts and minds' of the people. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Taking Milosevic Seriously : Imperialism, Law, and the Politics of Global Justice / by Jonathan Graubart, Latha Varadarajan., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, vol. 27, no. 4, December 2013, p. 439-460.) ID Number: JA029918 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Graubart, Jonathan 2. Varadarajan, Latha Notwithstanding his premature death, the trial of Slobodan Milosevic is widely hailed as a landmark moment in the development of international criminal law. To many, the trial, in conjunction with the broader record of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), represents the beginning of a new era of global justice characterized by the impending triumph of law over politics. This article dissents from the prevailing consensus by emphasizing the enduring role of imperialist relations in shaping international relations. Without defending Milosevic, the authors

 

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provide a critical reassessment of the ICTY's most celebrated trial. They do so to reveal the manner in which seemingly progressive legal institutions - far from furthering an abstract notion of justice - serve to re-inscribe a violent and highly unequal post-Cold War imperialist world order. Because the ICTY is far from a sui generis experience, the authors argue that it is critical to take Milosevic seriously in making sense of the nature and implications of global tribunals. INTERVENTION (INTERNATIONAL LAW)--USA Cutting Losses / by David C. Brooks., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 3, Autumn 2013, p. 99-110.) ID Number: JA029856 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Brooks, David C. This article compares three limited interventions - the Bay of Pigs (1961), Beirut (1983), and Mogadishu (1992-93). Using Clausewitz's idea that the pursuit of military victory must be linked to a 'political object', this essay focuses on the 'retreat skill set' that allowed Presidents Kennedy, Reagan, and Clinton to conclude interventions whose costs had outrun potential benefits. These interventions can instruct today's strategic leaders, who will confront terrorist movements located in the failed states and mega-cities of the 21st century. A War Examined : Afghanistan / by Todd R. Greentree., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 3, Autumn 2013, p. 87-97.) ID Number: JA029855 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Greentree, Todd R. After more than a decade of effort and cost in Afghanistan, the United States is withdrawing from combat without bringing the war to a decisive end. There are important strategic lessons of limited war to be relearned from the recurring problems of policy, strategy, and performance that the United States has experienced in the four largest and most protracted military interventions it has undertaken since World War II. INVESTMENTS, FOREIGN--IRAQ Statebuilding and Foreign Direct Investment : The Case of Post-2003 Iraq / by Irene Costantini., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING, vol. 20, no. 3, June 2013, p. 263-279.) ID Number: JA029877 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Costantini, Irene Within the broader debate over the political economy of statebuilding, the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in fragile and post-conflict settings is increasingly controversial but still understudied. This paper examines the tensions between the good governance agenda currently being implemented in Iraq and the investment dynamics occurring at the country's national and provincial levels. Drawing on disaggregated data, the paper argues that the flow of FDI is reinforcing destabilizing dynamics in Iraq by increasing levels of inequality, deepening the decentralization process, and undermining internal and external balances of power.

 

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IRAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--AFGHANISTAN Iranian-Afghan Relations on the Threshold of the Withdrawal of American Troops from Afghanistan / by Guli Yuldasheva., 2013. (CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS, vol. 14, no. 3, 2013, p. 97-108.) ID Number: JA029870 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Yuldasheva, Guli This article analyzes the state of Iranian-Afghan relations on the threshold of the withdrawal of the main contingents of American troops from Afghanistan planned for 2014 in the context of the current geopolitical processes going on in Central Asia. It examines the similarities and differences in the strivings of the various actors, the situation in Afghanistan that has arisen as a result of their clash, as well as the regional threats and challenges to Iran's interests. It points to the geopolitical contradictions among regional players, primarily between the US and Iran, as the main variable influencing the situation in Afghanistan and its relations with Iran. According to the author, these geopolitical contradictions and the challenges and threats to regional stability ensuing from them are creating political and economic problems that are complicating the development of Iranian-Afghan relations. This is making rehabilitation of Afghanistan more difficult, including in the vitally important economic sphere, resulting in destabilization of the situation within the country and around. IRAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--USA Is US-Iran Detente Possible ? / by Mohsen Milani., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 758, December 2013, p. 345-348.) ID Number: JA029943 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Milani, Mohsen In the months since President Hassan Rouhani's election, he has signaled his intention to seek normalized relations with Washington. Can he overcome internal obstacles ? IRAN--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT Hassan Rohani, un Gorbatchev iranien ? / by Christophe Ayad., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 141, automne 2013, p. 219-240.) ID Number: JA029938 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ayad, Christophe In winning the presidential election on June 14th, Hassan Rohani sprang a surprise in Iran and radically altered the climate both inside and outside the country. He has built a wide coalition of realistic reformers and pragmatic conservatives who all agree that the present regime is deadlocked. Their program of reforms at home and placation abroad is aimed at saving the Islamic Republic while leaving the system unaltered. Will the head of state, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, rise to the occasion ? It all depends on the gains Mr. Rohani is able to make on the most contentious issue of the day : Iran's nuclear program, which sparked the Western sanctions that have crippled the country's economy. The new president's gestures of openness during his trip to New York in September are a step in the right direction, but only a 'major deal' encompassing the future of Syria, Iran's status in the Middle East, its re-inclusion in the international community, and its relations with the United States, can establish the conditions for a lasting settlement.

 

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Iranian Election Results : Change on Horizon ? / by Yulia Sveshnikova, Amir Roknifard., 2013. (SECURITY INDEX, no. 4, Fall 2013, p. 71-76.) ID Number: JA029953 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Sveshnikova, Yulia 2. Roknifard, Amir The Iranian presidential election held in June 2013 was won by the moderate candidate, Hassan Rouhani; his victory came as something of a surprise even for his own team. The authors analyze the factors that have brought the centrist candidate to power in Iran, won him the support of ordinary Iranians, and secured his backing by the country's Supreme Leader. The question is, will the new Iranian president prove capable of justifying the expectations of his supporters, and of conducting reforms. IRAQ WAR, 2003-2011 Wasting the Golden Hour in America's Iraq Meltdown / by James C. Clad., 2013. (NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 126, July - August 2013, p. 10-21.) ID Number: JA029850 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Clad, James C. The lessons in America's ill-fated invasion of Iraq are many, but most flow from the lost 'Golden Hour', a term from trauma-response medicine connoting in this instance the brief time when the gods of fortune could still have been summoned. They weren't, and most of the ensuing problems flowed from that strategic lapse. This on-the-ground reminiscence offers insight into the debacle. IRAQ--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT Iraq Faces the Brink Again / by Kenneth M. Pollack., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 758, December 2013, p. 349-355.) ID Number: JA029944 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Pollack, Kenneth M. Fragile and too important to ignore, Iraq could revert to all-out civil war. But restraining factors, including converging US and Iranian interests, might keep the peace. JAPAN--ECONOMIC POLICY Le Japon va-t-il rebondir ? / by Jean-Marie Bouissou., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 141, automne 2013, p. 257-272.) ID Number: JA029939 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bouissou, Jean-Marie For nearly a quarter-century now, Japan has been mired in a multidimensional crisis. Its economy, political system, social cohesion, and value system have all been affected. But does this mean Japan's role on the world stage should be seen as increasingly marginal ? Maybe not. The country, now gearing up to host the 2020 Olympic Games, seems determined to regain its senior status. 'Abenomics' - the ambitious program of economic reforms brought in by new Prime Minister Shinzo Abe - is starting to bear fruit. The Japanese find themselves dreaming of a future in which the Fukushima catastrophe, the yawning national debt, sluggish growth, and a shrinking population are distant memories. But Mr. Abe's key ambition is to leave his stamp on the nation's politics. Reform of the 1947

 

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'Peace Constitution' is high on his agenda, with all the concomitant risks of letting the nationalist genie out of the bottle. Abenomics After Japan's Upper House Election / by Kay Shimizu., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 755, September 2013, p. 210-216.) ID Number: JA029830 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Shimizu, Kay Even after July's parliamentary election affirmed strong public support for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's proposed economic reforms, challenges from within his own party could hinder his plans. JAPAN--MILITARY RELATIONS--EUROPE The UK, Europe and Japan : Forging a New Security Partnership / by Michito Tsuruoka., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 58-65.) ID Number: JA029897 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Tsuruoka, Michito Japan's foreign and defence policy is changing in response to new developments in the regional security environment and in the wider international arena. As Tokyo looks to strengthen its relationship with Western partners and especially NATO, the EU and their member states, the UK appears a natural choice both in itself and as a link to Europe. The author analyses the many strategic considerations driving Japan's efforts to build stronger partnerships in the defence and security field and explores what the UK can do to strengthen its engagement in Asia. JUST WAR DOCTRINE The Tragedy of Justified War / by Michael Neu., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, vol. 27, no. 4, December 2013, p. 461-480.) ID Number: JA029917 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Neu, Michael This article examines and critiques the binary structure of contemporary just war thinking. Theorists claim that the waging of war, and the committing of military acts within war, is either just or unjust. This binary distinction should be tempered by the awareness that justified wars are tragic : tragic in the broad sense of inescapably involving moral wronging, but not necessarily tragic in the narrow sense of not having been preventable by the tragic agent himself or herself. Justified war situations that fail to be tragic in the narrow sense are inauthentic. If contemporary just war theorists were to explicitly recognise the tragedy of justified war in the broad sense, as well as the dangers of lacking authenticity, their theory might become less susceptible to abuse by political moralists.

 

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LIBYA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011- Germany and the Intervention in Libya / by Sarah Brockmeier., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 6, December 2013 - January 2014, p. 63-90.) ID Number: JA029926 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Brockmeier, Sarah Germany's abstention on UNSCR 1973 does not signify a weakened commitment to multilateralism or NATO, nor was it a historical fluke. It is simply that, on matters involving military force, Germans need time to have a debate at home. LIBYA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011---FOREIGN PUBLIC OPINION, GERMAN Domestic Politics, News Media and Humanitarian Intervention : Why France and Germany Diverged over Libya., 2013. (EUROPEAN SECURITY, vol. 22, no. 4, December 2013, p. 524-539.) ID Number: JA029914 Type: ART The European Union member states split over the military intervention in Libya with France, Germany and the UK voting differently in the United Nations Security Council. This article compares news media in France and Germany to better understand the foreign policy decisions of these key actors. Using a newspaper analysis of 334 articles, it shows that the German domestic debate started very late and was much less stable than the French debate. This supports arguments that Germany's decision-making was erratic. The analysis, however, also shows that the German debate was comprehensive and included an extensive discussion of the legitimacy of intervention. This fits in well with the traditional reluctance of German foreign policy elites to support military action. MALI--HISTORY--COUP D'ETAT, 2012 Mali : une guerre rustique., 2013. (COMMENTAIRE, vol. 36, no. 144, hiver 2013 - 2014, p. 787-792.) ID Number: JA029950 Type: ART Brigade Serval : les cles du succes tactique (janvier a mai 2013) / by Bernard Barrera., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 764, novembre 2013, p. 71-74.) ID Number: JA029822 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Barrera, Bernard Le commandant de la brigade Serval detaille les facteurs qui, a son niveau de commandant tactique, ont ete determinants pour le succes de cette campagne aeroterrestre inedite en milieu principalement desertique : un objectif precis, un commandement souple et reactif, des principes tactiques rigoureux, un deploiement de capacites-cles, des forces entrainees et manoeuvrieres, un tempo soutenu. The International Intervention in Mali : 'Desrt Blues' or a New Beginning ? / by Morten Boas, Liv E. Torheim., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, vol. 68, no. 3, September 2013, p. 417-423.) ID Number: JA029940 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Boas, Morten 2. Torheim, Liv E. Islamist rebels have retreated from northern Mali; however, a number of challenges for that country remain. The Islamists have gone into

 

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hiding but have not surrendered; there is a clear risk of long-term asymmetric warfare. The population in both northern and southern Mali are divided in their views on the best way forward. The capacities of the Malian government and the Malian armed forces to contain the conflict and retain credible leadership are questionable. This article analyses the Malian crisis with an emphasis on the strategies of key actors, including the Islamist rebels. The consequences of and responses to the conflict are discussed, before the article ends with some tentative conclusions concerning the potential for security in Mali and the Sahel region. Lecons de guerre au Sahel : considerations tactiques / by Olivier Tramond., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 764, novembre 2013, p. 75-80.) ID Number: JA029823 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Tramond, Olivier S'adapter a l'adversaire, a ses modes de combat, le bousculer et garder l'initiative dans un espace immense et rugueux, paradis du tacticien mais enfer du logisticien : tel etait le defi militaire. Les lecons tirees de l'experience de la brigade Serval sont nombreuses et privilegient la combinaison des tactiques de l'infanterie et de la mobilite et de la mobilite de l'aerocombat. MEDIATION Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Golden ? The Consequences of Failed Mediation in Civil Wars / by Johannes Vullers, Sandra Destradi., 2013. (CIVIL WARS, vol. 15, no. 4, December 2013, p. 486-507.) ID Number: JA029890 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Vullers, Johannes 2. Destradi, Sandra Despite the frequent failure of mediation efforts, the potential negative impact of this outcome on conflict dynamics in civil wars has not been systematically studied. Starting from the assumption that the failure of mediation may cause the conflict parties to conclude that non-violent strategies are ineffective, the authors develop a rationalist model to explain under what conditions mediation failure might lead to the escalation of violence. Shifts in the degree of negotiability of the conflict parties' goals and in the balance of their internal structure (relative strength of hardliners and moderates) are taken as explanatory variables. The authors test their hypotheses with a qualitative comparison of 23 cases of failed civil war mediation from around the globe. While shifting goals are rarely observed, it is shown how the strengthening of hardliners in the wake of mediation failure has significant explanatory power.

 

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MERCENARY TROOPS The Reluctant Mercenary : Vulnerability and the 'Whores of War' / by Ben Fraser., 2013. (JOURNAL OF MILITARY ETHICS, vol. 12, no. 3, September 2013, p. 235-251.) ID Number: JA029872 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Fraser, Ben Mercenaries are the target of moral condemnation far more often than they are subject of moral concern. One attempt at morally condemning mercenaries proceeds by analogy with prostitutes; mercenaries are 'the whores of war'. This analogy is unconvincing as a way of condemning mercenaries. However, careful comparison of mercenarism and prostitution suggests that, like many prostitutes, some mercenaries may be vulnerable individuals. If apt, this comparison imposes a consistency requirement : if one thinks certain prostitutes are appropriate subjects of moral concern in light of their vulnerability, then one must think that mercenaries who are likewise vulnerable are also appropriate subjects of moral concern. In this paper, the author elucidates the relevant, morally significant sense of 'vulnerability', and presents evidence suggesting that at least some mercenaries are vulnerable in this sense. NATION-BUILDING--AFGHANISTAN The Afghan Conundrum : Intervention, Statebuilding and Resistance., 2013. (CENTRAL ASIAN SURVEY, vol. 32, no. 3, September 2013, Special Issue.) ID Number: JA029886 Type: ART NATO--ARMED FORCES--AFGHANISTAN Noch viele Fragen offen : der militarische Beitrag der NATO in Afghanistan / by Markus Kaim., 2013. (EUROPAISCHE SICHERHEIT & TECHNIK, Nr. 12, Dezember 2013, S. 14-16.) ID Number: JA029888 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Kaim, Markus NATO--EUROPE The European Neutrals and NATO : Ambiguous Partnership / by Andrew Cottey., 2013. (CONTEMPORARY SECURITY POLICY, vol. 34, no. 3, December 2013, p. 446-472.) ID Number: JA029901 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Cottey, Andrew This article provides a comparative analysis of relations between the European neutral states - Austria, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, and Switzerland - and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The European neutrals have established broadly similar partnerships with NATO since the end of the Cold War, but significant variation in their relations with NATO can also be observed (the origins of which can be traced back to the Cold War and earlier). This pattern - continued non-membership of NATO, partnership with the alliance, and significant variation in terms of national relations with NATO - can be explained by a historical institutionalist perspective, combining path dependency and policy adaptation. This perspective also helps to

 

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explain why the relationship between the European neutrals is - and is likely to remain - an ambiguous partnership : policy adaptation at the elite level, implying close cooperation with NATO, sits alongside path dependency at the general public level where NATO is still viewed as representing 'public bads' such as power politics, militarism, and nuclear weapons. The deeply embedded domestic path dependency of neutrality suggests that even those states with the closest relations with NATO - Sweden and Finland - may never join the alliance. The article also argues that the neutral states' divergent patterns of engagement with NATO parallel those of NATO members with the alliance : more attention needs to the paid in the different ways in which both partners and members engage with NATO and the reasons for such differences. NUCLEAR WARFARE--ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS The Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear War / by Ira Helfand., 2013. (ARMS CONTROL TODAY, vol. 43, no. 9, November 2013, p. 22-26.) ID Number: JA029948 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Helfand, Ira Recent studies have provided extensive data on the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of nuclear war, but the five recognized nuclear-weapon states are boycotting efforts to focus attention on this issue. NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--FRANCE Peut-on se passer du nucleaire ? / by Philippe Cothier., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 764, novembre 2013, p. 113-118.) ID Number: JA029826 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Cothier, Philippe L'arme nucleaire fait depuis le debut partie integrante de la posture militaire de la France. Soubassement de sa defense, sa detention n'est pas invalidee par les changements strategiques du monde meme si la doctrine qui la sous-tend a vieilli. Critiquer la doctrine de la dissuasion, se dispenser d'en reformuler une, mais conserver l'arme nucleaire contre les incertitudes, telle est la conclusion faite ici par un expert. NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--GREAT BRITAIN Towards the UK's Nuclear Century / by Malcolm Chalmers., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 18-28.) ID Number: JA029893 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Chalmers, Malcolm In 2007, the UK Parliament began the process of developing a successor to the country's Trident-armed fleet of Vanguard-class submarines, which would allow the UK to maintain an unbroken deterrent patrol beyond the 100th anniversary of its becoming a nuclear-weapons state. At the insistence of the Liberal Democrat Party, however, the Cabinet Office has conducted a review of alternatives to this programme. The author explores the financial, strategic and technical issues raised by the review and analyses the vulnerabilities that the programme faces. He suggests that the UK remains committed to maintaining a nuclear deterrent with global reach, capable of confronting large as well as small nuclear powers into the indefinite future.

 

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NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--IRAN The Iranian Nuclear Crisis : An Assessment / by Gawdat Bahgat., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 67-76.) ID Number: JA029857 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bahgat, Gawdat Iran's nuclear program has become the major dispute between the Islamic Republic and global powers, led by the United States. This essay identifies the principal elements in any potential agreement, and outlines the steps needed to enhance the opportunity for a successful negotiation. Rapprochement between Tehran and Washington is not only possible, but indeed, desirable. The Iranian Nucler Debate : More Myths Than Facts / by Christopher J. Bolan., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 77-88.) ID Number: JA029858 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bolan, Christopher J. Much of the public debate surrounding US policies regarding Iran has been distorted by myths that obscure the actual status of Iranian nuclear programs. Similarly, discussions about the implications of a nuclear-armed Iran are often built on questionable assumptions requiring more thorough examination. This article dispels these myths, questions the assumptions, and draws important implications for US policymakers in this critical strategic debate. Pourquoi l'Iran n'abandonnera jamais son programme nucleaire / by Marjorie Bordes., 2013. (REVUE DEFENSE NATIONALE, no. 765, decembre 2013, p. 111-115.) ID Number: JA029884 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bordes, Marjorie Depuis les annees 1970, l'Iran investit avec determination et methode dans le developpement d'un programme nucleaire, utilisant la nature intrinsequement duale du cycle du combustible pour maintenir l'ambiguite sur sa finalite. Si les Occidentaux refusent le 'containment' d'un Iran nuclearise, un renoncement de Teheran a l'ensemble de ces activites est aussi illusoire. Un faisceau d'indices vient ici illustrer cette analyse. NUCLEAR WEAPONS--GOVERNMENT POLICY--USA Beyond MAD : Obama's Realistic - but Risky - Effort to Reduce the Role of Nuclear Weapons / by Seyom Brown., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 6, December 2013 - January 2014, p. 135-146.) ID Number: JA029930 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Brown, Seyom New presidential guidance may, finally, render obsolete the Mutual Assured Destruction paradigm that has structured US nuclear strategy and arms-control policy for over 50 years - if a security dilemma can be avoided.

 

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OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, 2001- The NATO Operation in Afghanistan / by Mikhail Konarovsky., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Minneapolis), vol. 59, no. 5, 2013, p. 36-46.) ID Number: JA029834 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Konarovsky, Mikhail ORGANIZED CRIME--KOSOVO (REPUBLIC) Organized Crime and the Dilemmas of Democratic Peace-Building in Kosovo / by Joschka J. Proksik., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING, vol. 20, no. 3, June 2013, p. 280-298.) ID Number: JA029878 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Proksik, Joschka J. Based on a theoretical concept that distinguishes different dilemma types, the article identifies and analyses dilemma situations that arose for the international UN-led peace-building operation in its efforts to combat organised crime in post-war Kosovo. In order to cope with the various dilemmas that arose, the international peace-building operation engaged in compromises that entailed strategic trade-offs. Dilemmas and respective trade-offs in decision-making pertain to the fields of post-conflict security, political inclusion of post-conflict stakeholders, disarmament and demobilization, transfer of ownership, rule of law and local economy. PAKISTAN--FOREIGN RELATIONS--INDIA Will Pakistan's India Policy under Sharif Shift Strategically ? / by Ishtiaq Ahmad, Hannes Ebert., 2013. (STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, vol. 37, no. 6, November - December 2013, p. 667-674.) ID Number: JA029925 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ahmad, Ishtiaq 2. Ebert, Hannes PEACE-BUILDING The Legacy of State Formation Theory for Peacebuilding and Statebuilding / by Oliver P. Richmond., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING, vol. 20, no. 3, June 2013, p. 299-315.) ID Number: JA029879 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Richmond, Oliver P. The mainstream literature on state formation has provided the basis for peacebuilding and statebuilding praxes to focus on power and realist concepts of security and the state. The dominant focus on violence and how it shapes the state has been an important motif of peacebuilding and statebuilding literatures. However, state formation literature also offer sociological, anthropological, and structural accounts as a basis for a post-colonial framework for peace, security, and order, which expose the limits of peacebuilding and statebuilding.

 

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PETROLEUM Fueling the Fire : Pathways from Oil to War / by Jeff D. Colgan., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 38, no. 2, Fall 2013, p. 147-180.) ID Number: JA029845 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Colgan, Jeff D. What role does oil play in international security ? While the threat of 'resource wars' over possession of oil reserves is often exaggerated, the sum total of the political effects generated by the oil industry makes it a leading cause of war. Between one-quarter and one-half of interstate wars since 1973 have been connected to one or more oil-related causal mechanisms. Eight distinct mechanisms exist : resource wars, in which states try to acquire oil reserves by force; petro-aggression, whereby oil facilitates domestic political control of aggressive leaders such as Saddam Hussein or Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini; externalization of civil wars in petrostates; financing for insurgencies, such as Iranian oil money to Hezbollah; conflicts over potential oil-market domination, such as the United States' conflict with Iraq over Kuwait in 1991; control over transit routes, such as shipping lanes and pipelines; oil-related grievances, whereby the presence of foreign workers in petrostates helps extremist groups such as al-Qaida recruit locals; and as an obstacle to multilateral cooperation, such as when an importer curries favor with a petrostate to prevent multilateral cooperation on security issues. Understanding these mechanisms can help policymakers design grand strategy and allocate military resources. PIRACY Insurgents of the Sea : Institutional and Economic Opportunities for Maritime Piracy / by Ursula Daxecker, Brandon Prins., 2013. (JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION, vol. 57, no. 6, December 2013, p. 940-965.) ID Number: JA029873 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Daxecker, Ursula 2. Prins, Brandon While piracy may evoke romanticized visions of swashbuckling, rum swigging, and skirt chasing pirates hoisting the Jolly Roger, maritime piracy has changed substantially by taking advantage of modernization and substantial upgrading of the weapons, vessels, and weapons it employs. In addition, as documented by the International Maritime Bureau (IMB), the frequency of pirate attacks has increased significantly, with more than 2,600 piracy incidents occurring since 2004. The authors argue that piracy is a result of permissive institutional environments and the lack of legal forms of employment in states' fishing sectors. The authors investigate these arguments empirically using data for all countries with coastlines in the 1995-2007 period. The empirical analyses show that state weakness and reductions in fisheries production values affect piracy as expected. These findings suggest that international efforts in combating piracy should center on improving the institutional environments and labor opportunities driving maritime piracy.

 

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PIRACY--PREVENTION--NATO Anti-Piraterie-Operationen zeigen Wirkung : NATO-Operation 'Ocean Shield' / by Dieter Stockfisch., 2014. (EUROPAISCHE SICHERHEIT & TECHNIK, Nr.1, 2014, S. 44-47.) ID Number: JA029954 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Stockfisch, Dieter PIRACY--SOMALIA--PREVENTION The EU's Engagement of China in the Indian Ocean : Getting China Onboard in the Fight against Somali Piracy / by Benjamin Barton., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 66-73.) ID Number: JA029898 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Barton, Benjamin The EU and China may strike observers as actors with fundamentally different political and normative outlooks and thus unlikely partners in international security. Yet, the author argues, the international fight against piracy in the Indian Ocean has provided them with the opportunity to forge a more collaborative relationship in the realm of maritime security. Their convergence on counter-piracy may also provide interesting lessons with regard to Europe's broader strategic engagement of China. PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES Should Private Security Companies Be Employed for Counterinsurgency Operations ? / by David M. Barnes., 2013. (JOURNAL OF MILITARY ETHICS, vol. 12, no. 3, September 2013, p. 201-224.) ID Number: JA029871 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Barnes, David M. Many of the reasons offered for outsourcing security involve costs and benefits - a consequentialist way of reasoning. Thus, the author explores a consequentialist argument against the use of private security contractors (PSCs) in counterinsurgencies. Discussing the benefits and costs of employing PSCs in these kinds of operations demonstrates that the hiring of PSCs in many cases (perhaps in most) is consequentially unsound. More precisely, the overall negative consequences of hiring PSCs during counterinsurgencies should preclude their use unless in extreme emergencies. Defenders of the use of PSCs readily point to their financial benefits and expected increase in efficiency as the starting point for their argumentation. If the benefits really do outweigh the foreseeable and expected costs, then hiring PSCs may, in that case, be a morally viable option. However, the author contends that, unless we institute broad contractual control and oversight reform, unless we truly understand the costs and benefits, we should have a standing, prima facie prohibition against employing PSCs in counterinsurgencies.

 

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PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES--SWEDEN Exploring PSC-Military Relations : Swedish Officers and the Private Security Sector in Peace Operations / by Joakim Berndtsson., 2013. (COOPERATION AND CONFLICT, vol. 48, no. 4, December 2013, p. 484-501.) ID Number: JA029920 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Berndtsson, Joakim The increasing reliance on private security companies (PSCs) in and around international peace operations has created new public-private constellations, influencing both military and civilian efforts, sometimes generating problematic relationships and even violence between public and private actors, as well as unclear divisions of labour, authority and responsibility. To explain how and why these problems occur, mapping out the understandings that these different actors have of each other in different contexts is of key importance. Through an analysis of Swedish officers views of private security actors, this paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the complex relationships between civilian authorities, state militaries and commercial security actors. Particularly, the article sheds new light on 'PSC-military' relations and the ways in which the private security sector functions as both a competitor and a career option for former or active service personnel. The article draws on a study commissioned by the Swedish Armed Forces and is empirically based on in-depth interviews and a survey of Swedish officer's attitudes to PSCs. PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES--USA Contracting Out Security / by Thomas C. Bruneau., 2013. (JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES, vol. 36, no. 5, October 2013, p. 638-665.) ID Number: JA029818 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bruneau, Thomas C. Private security companies (PSCs) currently receive a great deal of attention in the news media, in sensationalist reporting, and increasingly in scholarly books and articles. While the scholarly books and articles make significant contributions to our understanding of this global phenomenon, there are several impediments to analysis that must be recognized and overcome if analysis is to be improved. Three of these impediments are reviewed in this article. The author suggests that US government material is currently available to minimize impediments and offers a framework to make analytical sense of it. Since contracting out is based on contracts, and unless the complexities of awarding and managing contracts are understood, recommendations made to reform the process of contracting out security are unrealistic.

 

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RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT (INTERNATIONAL LAW) Responsibility to Protect : The Coming of Age of Sovereignty-Building / by Touko Piiparinen., 2013. (CIVIL WARS, vol. 15, no. 3, September 2013, p. 380-405.) ID Number: JA029840 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Piiparinen, Touko The principle of Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) requires states and international society as a whole to protect civilians from genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing. This article argues that, instead of considering RtoP as a continuum to the humanitarian intervention doctrine aimed at performing limited protection tasks, RtoP might best be understood as a form of another doctrine which has been recently emerging in global conflict management, namely sovereignty-building. The main value added of this methodological shift resides in its potential to show that RtoP involves not only limited functions of short-term rescue and protection of civilians from immediate physical harm but also more long-term and ambitious efforts aimed at building responsible sovereigns and transforming societies. RtoP projects two kinds of images of responsible sovereignty on weak, fragile and failed states : the 'Bodinian' image, which implicates institution-building, reconstruction and empowerment of societies emerging from civil war and the 'Lockean' image, which refers to attempts to socialise states to a global human rights culture, by means of collective peer pressure, political and diplomatic means, and the use of coercive force, as demonstrated by military interventions in Libya and Cote d'Ivoire in 2011. This article argues that the sovereignty-building paradigm for sub-state actors such as rebel groups to manipulate RtoP as an instrument (or weapon) to enhance their own political objectives in civil wars against incumbent national authorities. REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS--USA Penser et maitriser l'innovation : les forces armees americaines, de la revolution a la transformation, 1990-2011 / by Michel Fortmann., 2013. (ETUDES INTERNATIONALES, vol. 44, no. 2, juin 2013, p. 251-282.) ID Number: JA029881 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Fortmann, Michel Cet essai s'inscrit dans le cadre des reflexions portant sur l'innovation en matiere militaire aux Etats-Unis. Il souleve specifiquement quatre questions : Dans quelle mesure les Forces armees americaines ont-elles su se reinventer dans le contexte de l'apres-guerre froide ? Quelles idees maitresses les ont guidees ? Comment ont-elles ete appliquees ? Et quelles lecons peut-on tirer de cette experience apres vingt ans ? Deux concepts, qui ont inspire l'effort de reflexion et de reforme americain, retiennent notre attention : la revolution dans les affaires militaires (RAM) et la 'transformation'. C'est la mise en oeuvre de ces deux concepts qui est analysee, de l'administration Clinton a celle du president Obama.

 

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RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION Russia's Migration Crisis / by Ben Judah., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 6, December 2013 - January 2014, p. 123-131.) ID Number: JA029929 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Judah, Ben As the economy becomes addicted to cheap, unregistered migrant labour, the Putin regime has absent-mindedly reconfigured Russian demography. Rising ethnic politics risks turning into a disaster for the Kremlin. RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS Soft Power, Russian Style : In Search of a Fulcrum / by Vladimir Petrovsky., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Minneapolis), vol. 59, no. 5, 2013, p. 118-129.) ID Number: JA029839 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Petrovsky, Vladimir RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA Russia in the Asia-Pacific Region / by Yevgeny Bazhanov., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Minneapolis), vol. 59, no. 5, 2013, p. 56-72.) ID Number: JA029836 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Bazhanov, Yevgeny RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, CENTRAL Russia's Changing Security Role in Central Asia / by Anna Matveeva., 2013. (EUROPEAN SECURITY, vol. 22, no. 4, December 2013, p. 478-499.) ID Number: JA029913 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Matveeva, Anna The paper explores Russia's role in security in Central Asia, which analysts interpreted as projection of hegemony. It argues that this role is changing and is shaped by a variety of factors, sometimes acting in contradiction to one another. Domestic agenda is influenced by the danger discourse on drugs and anti-migrant sentiment and urges to detach from Central Asia. Moscow maintains a military presence in the region but is uncertain if it has serious enough stakes to justify a robust approach to security. Refusal to intervene in Kyrgyzstan in 2010 serves as a potent case. Regional organisations echo the non-intervention stance. As a 'cost-benefit' approach to security gains momentum, the paper asks if a policy of selective engagement is emerging when only the issues threatening Russia directly will be addressed. The implication can be a security vacuum in the region, affected by ethnic conflict, inter-state disputes and the consequences of withdrawal from Afghanistan.

 

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RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS Russia, the West and the Integration Dilemma / by Samuel Charap, Mikhail Troitskiy., 2013. (SURVIVAL, vol. 55, no. 6, December 2013 - January 2014, p. 49-62.) ID Number: JA029927 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Charap, Samuel 2. Troitskiy, Mikhail By excluding one another from initiatives promoting engagement and integration with post-Soviet states, the West and Russia have created an inadvertent and unnecessary rivalry. SECURITY SECTOR REFORM--SIERRA LEONE Security-Sector Reform in Sierra Leone : The UK Assistance Mission in Transition / by Ashlee Godwin, Cathy Haenlein., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 30-39.) ID Number: JA029894 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Godwin, Ashlee 2. Haenlein, Cathy In March 2013, the British-led military assistance and training mission in Sierra Leone drew to a close, after more than a decade at the centre of efforts to reform the country's armed forces following its protracted civil war. The transition of the mission to the smaller but more broadly focused International Security Advisory Team has raised questions concerning both the sustainability of the reforms implemented to date and the prospects for success as attention turns to the wider civilian security sector. On the basis of interviews with those directly involved, the authors examine both the nature and timing of the transition, and the challenges facing the new mission. SECURITY SECTOR REFORM--TIMOR ISLAND The Politics of Security Sector Reform in 'Fragile' or 'Post-Conflict' Settings : A Critical Review of the Experience in Timor-Leste / by Selver B. Sahin, Donald Feaver., 2013. (DEMOCRATIZATION, vol. 20, no. 6, October 2013, p. 1056-1080.) ID Number: JA029817 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Sahin, Selver B. 2. Feaver, Donald Security sector reform (SSR) policy has, for the better part of a decade, been viewed as instrumental to the larger international project of improving and strengthening the 'capacity' of post-conflict and 'fragile' states. The current policy approach, which represents a merging of security and development agendas in the post-Cold War era, is based on the premise that fragmented, ineffective, poorly managed and politicised state security institutions threaten political stability and undermine poverty reduction and sustainable development goals. The objective of this article is to examine aspects of what has been described as the 'SSR policy-practice gap' that arose in the course of implementing SSR policy in Timor-Leste by analysing the systemic basis of the gap. An analytical framework that untangles the relationship between SSR policy objectives, targets and outcomes is presented in concert with a discussion of the social and political circumstances that confronted international organisations and donor countries when they sought to implement SSR policy in Timor-Leste. By using the analytical framework to assess the policy coherence between SSR objectives and the SSR programme contained in UN Security Council Resolution 1704, the ubiquitous disconnect between SSR 'Gospel and

 

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Reality' is pulled more sharply into focus. SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION The SCO : Elaboration of Strategy / by Vitaly Vorobyov., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Minneapolis), vol. 59, no. 5, 2013, p. 73-78.) ID Number: JA029837 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Vorobyov, Vitaly SOUTH SUDAN--ARMED FORCES Armed-Group Amnesty and Military Integration in South Sudan / by Lesley Anne Warner., 2013. (RUSI JOURNAL, vol. 158, no. 6, December 2013, p. 40-47.) ID Number: JA029895 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Warner, Lesley Anne Since the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, the government of South Sudan has sought to neutralise the threat that armed groups pose to stability through their integration into the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), rather than coercion. Although successful in part, this approach has nevertheless led to the continued proliferation of armed groups. In this article, the author analyses how the government of South Sudan and the SPLA have administered the amnesty and integration process, concluding that military integration is a process that is managed, but not yet mastered. SYRIA--HISTORY--PROTESTS, 2011- Syria's Crisis of Transition / by Chester Crocker., 2013. (NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 124, March - April 2013, p. 16-24.) ID Number: JA029827 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Crocker, Chester History suggests that Syria's best chance to emerge from its bloody civil war lies in an internationally led, negotiated transition, subject to some measure of external monitoring. But if America is to play a role, it must understand that timing is crucial, and trying to pick a winner will likely backfire. This is a time for 'pre-negotiation' and allowing the situation to ripen to a point when diplomatic action can bear fruit. (COMMENTAIRE, vol. 36, no. 144, hiver 2013 - 2014, p. 793-797.) ID Number: JA029949 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Gorand, Francois Dans les premiers mois de 2013, l'impression a prevalu que le regime de Bachar el-Assad reprenait la main. Un tournant s'est produit apres le 21 aout, a la suite de l'usage des frappes chimiques par le regime. Ce sont les consequences de ce tournant, du retournement americain et du succes diplomatique russe, qu'il faut examiner pour savoir si l'on peut encore sauver la Syrie des deux fleaux complices : la tyrannie et le terrorisme islamiste.

 

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How the Syrian Regime Outsmarted Its Enemies / by Reinoud Leenders., 2013. (CURRENT HISTORY, vol. 112, no. 758, December 2013, p. 331-337.) ID Number: JA029941 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Leenders, Reinoud Flexibly adapting to changing circumstances and unleashing ruthless violence, Bashar al-Assad has clung to power and demonstrated how dangerous it is to underestimate him. US Options in Syria / by David S. Sorenson., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 3, Autumn 2013, p. 5-15.) ID Number: JA029851 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Sorenson, David S. This article considers the military choices for the United States as it seeks both to terminate the Syrian civil war on favorable terms and to contain the conflict within Syria's borders. However, few military options promise a reasonable chance to influence the Syrian civil war itself. Thus, America should focus its military and other policy instruments on containing the crisis. That is also a complex problem, but a worse one would be the Syrian civil war spreading to the larger eastern Mediterranean region. TERRORISM--PREVENTION--INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION International Organizations vs. Terrorism / by Oleg Khlestov... [et al.]., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Minneapolis), vol. 59, no. 5, 2013, p. 103-114.) ID Number: JA029838 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Khlestov, Oleg 2. Kukushkina, Anna 3. Sodikov, Sharbatulo TRIDENT (WEAPONS SYSTEMS) Trident Tribulations : Understanding the UK's Trident Alternatives Review / by Nick Ritchie., 2013. (ARMS CONTROL TODAY, vol. 43, no. 8, October 2013, p. 8-13.) ID Number: JA029832 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ritchie, Nick The United Kingdom's nuclear weapons policy is in flux. A UK decision to end continuous at-sea deterrence would be in keeping with the country's self-identification as the most forward leaning of the nuclear-weapon states on nuclear disarmament and would have implications beyond the UK's borders.

 

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TUNISIA--HISTORY--DEMONSTRATIONS, 2010- Understanding the Success of Mass Civic Protest in Tunisia / by Michele Penner Angrist., 2013. (MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL, vol. 67, no. 4, Autumn 2013, p. 547-564.) ID Number: JA029820 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Angrist, Michele Penner On the surface, the 2011 Tunisian Revolution seems attributable primarily to economic causes, social media, and the army's refusal to back the regime of President Zine El-'Abidine Ben 'Ali. A deeper look reveals that its success depended on the interaction between the structural brittleness of a regime that had alienated many key civilian constituencies and the emergence of sustained, cross-class, geographically widespread, mass demonstrations. These demonstrations were facilitated by Islamist moderation, secularist-Islamist rapprochement within the opposition, and the actions of the Tunisian General Union of Labor (Union Generale Tunisienne du Travail, or UGTT). In the wake of Ben 'Ali's departure, Islamist moderation and the fruits of secularist-Islamist rapprochement facilitated the holding of elections and the drafting of a new constitution. TURKEY--FOREIGN RELATIONS--SYRIA La Turquie dans l'impasse syrienne / by Dorothee Schmid., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 141, automne 2013, p. 129-141.) ID Number: JA029935 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Schmid, Dorothee The repercussions of the conflict in Syria are being felt well beyond the country's borders. Faced with the destabilization of the entire region, Syria's neighbors are attempting to adapt to the new order as best they can. One of the countries most concerned is Turkey. Although relations between Ankara and Damascus remained cool throughout the second half of the 20th century, Turkey was one of the Assad regime's main foreign partners between 2005 and the start of the uprising in 2011. At that time, the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan was keen to play a leading role in the Muslim world, and to export his 'model' throughout the region. In 2011, however, as the Arab Spring swept through North Africa and the Middle East, Turkey changed its strategy and stood firmly on the side of the opponents of authoritarian regimes. In the case of Syria, there's also a sectarian issue : Turkey is supporting the Sunni rebels who are attempting to overthrow the Alawite clan (affiliated to Shia Islam) to which Bashar al-Assad belongs. As the conflict becomes increasingly entrenched, however, has Ankara really made the right choice ? TURKEY--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT Fin de partie pour Erdogan ? / by Marc Semo., 2013. (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE, no. 141, automne 2013, p. 93-112.) ID Number: JA029934 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Semo, Marc What started out as a demonstration by local residents opposed to plans to cut down trees in Gezi park, a small green space next to Taksim Suqare in Istanbul, was transformed in a few fiery weeks into a vast protest movement which rattled the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, in power since 2002. The Prime Minister's plans to radically transform the historic square reflected both the Islamist and consumerist aspects of his government's policy : a significant proportion of the park area was to be razed and replaced by a mosque and a huge shopping mall. Crowds of protestors flocked to the symbolic

 

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location, chanting slogans which went well beyond public planning issues to question the entire authoritarian system overseen by Erdogan. Following a brutal crackdown by police, an atmosphere of relative calm has returned to Taksim Square. But the situation is still volatile. UNITED NATIONS--PEACEKEEPING FORCES Keeping Capstone in Context : Evaluating the Peacekeeping Doctrine / by Brent Gerchicoff., 2013. (STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, vol. 37, no. 6, November - December 2013, p. 729-741.) ID Number: JA029922 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Gerchicoff, Brent The United Nations (UN) peacekeeping 'Capstone doctrine' is the first attempt by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations/Department of Field Support (DPKO/DFS) to formulate a coherent doctrine for peacekeeping/peacebuilding missions beyond Boutros-Ghali's 'An Agenda for Peace' and the Brahimi Report, which set out a very general approach as opposed to a doctrinal mandate. In the document, the UN lays down a framework for approaching peace operations, and also defines contemporary UN peacekeeping operations. While this document is designed, by and large, as a guide for UN personnel, it is appropriate to evaluate it to determine whether or not Capstone is consistent with theoretical literature. Furthermore, this article assesses how various components of the doctrine are derived from previous experiences. Lastly, this article discusses how far the Capstone doctrine is consistent with the major paradigms of international relations theory, and argues that the doctrine reflects the liberal and constructivist paradigms of international relations theory. Blue Helmets as Targets : A Quantitative Analysis of Rebel Violence Against Peacekeepers, 1989-2003 / by Nynke Salverda., 2013. (JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 6, November 2013, p. 707-720.) ID Number: JA029880 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Salverda, Nynke A majority of UN peacekeeping operations deployed to civil wars face violent attacks by rebel groups. To date, the academic study of this type of violence has been very limited. This article is a first attempt to fill this gap. In particular, the author aims to examine why rebel groups fight against peacekeepers in some cases, while not in others. He argues that since peacekeepers are mostly impartial but not neutral, they become an actor in a conflict and tend to protect the weaker side from total defeat. This implies that on the one hand, relatively weaker rebels will challenge the peacekeepers in order to restrict their behavior and/or make them withdraw. If stronger rebels are successful in targeting the peacekeepers and the peacekeepers withdraw or alter their behavior, a victory for these rebel groups should become easier. Using novel data on violence against UN peacekeepers, he finds that indeed, stronger rebel groups are more likely to fight against peacekeepers.

 

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USA--ARMED FORCES--EQUIPMENT Running the Pentagon Right : How to Get the Troops What They Need / by Ashton B. Carter., 2014. (FOREIGN AFFAIRS, vol. 93, no. 1, January - February 2014, p. 74-84.) ID Number: JA029932 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Carter, Ashton B. USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS Delusions of Indispensability / by Ted Galen Carpenter., 2013. (NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 124, March - April 2013, p. 47-55.) ID Number: JA029828 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Carpenter, Ted Galen The idea of America as the world's 'indispensable nation' is so entrenched in the US consciousness that hardly anyone in academic, journalistic or governmental circles dares to challenge it. But this proposition fosters counterproductive security goals and results in strategic overreach. Beware those who press the necessity of 'American leadership'. Legitimating Power : The Domestic Politics of U.S. International Hierarchy / by David A. Lake., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, vol. 38, no. 2, Fall 2013, p. 74-111.) ID Number: JA029843 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Lake, David A. The United States has maintained international hierarchies over the Western Hemisphere for more than a century and over Western Europe for nearly seven decades. More recently, it has extended similar hierarchies over states in the Middle East. How does the United States exercise authority over other countries ? In a world of juridically sovereign states, how is US rule rendered legitimate ? Hierarchy has interstate and intrastate distributional consequences for domestic ruling coalitions and regime types. When the gains from hierarchy are large or when subordinate societies share policy preferences similar to those of the United States, as in Europe, international hierarchy is possible and compatible with democracy. When the gains from hierarchy are small and the median citizen has policy preferences distant from those of the United States, as in Central America, international hierarchy requires autocracy, and the benefits of foreign rule will be concentrated within the governing elite. In the Middle East, the gains from hierarchy also appear small, and policy preferences are distant from those of the United States. As a result, the United States has backed sympathetic authoritarian rulers. Although a global counterinsurgency strategy might be viable over the long term, the costs of establishing effective hierarchies in the region imply that the United States is better off retrenching 'East of Suez'.

 

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USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--AFGHANISTAN The Road through Qatar, a Dead End ? : Opportunities Promoting and Hurdles Preventing a Political Solution in Afghanistan that Includes the Taliban / by Thomas Ruttig., 2013. (CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS, vol. 14, no. 3, 2013, p. 42-52.) ID Number: JA029868 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Ruttig, Thomas While a military solution in Afghanistan has failed, the search for a political solution that includes the insurgent Taliban movement has not yielded any significant results, despite initial US-Taliban contacts in Qatar in 2011 and 2012 originally facilitated by Germany. USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--ASIA, CENTRAL The New Silk Road Concept / by Ivan Safranchuk., 2013. (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (Minneapolis), vol. 59, no. 5, 2013, p. 47-55.) ID Number: JA029835 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Safranchuk, Ivan USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--CHINA U.S., China and Thucydides / by Robert B. Zoellick., 2013. (NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 126, July - August 2013, p. 22-30.) ID Number: JA029849 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Zoellick, Robert B. The 'Thucydides trap', in which an established power develops fears of a rising power, is on people's minds these days as an emergent China maneuvers itself to challenge America's traditional position in East Asia. The author offers thoughts on how China and the United States can avoid this age-old trap. USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--EGYPT Pitfalls in Egypt / by Gregory Aftandilian., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 3, Autumn 2013, p. 17-27.) ID Number: JA029852 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Aftandilian, Gregory The US embrace of President Morsi tended to neglect his authoritarian and pro-Muslim Brotherhood policies, angering secular-liberal Egyptians. When the military ousted Morsi with the support of the latter, US officials tried to steer a middle course, but wound up alienating both sides of the divide. This article recommends that the US should continue to use its aid to encourage the new regime to meet its democratic benchmarks and curb its excesses.

 

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USA--FOREIGN RELATIONS--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) Beyond the Russian Reset / by Samuel Charap., 2013. (NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 126, July - August 2013, p. 39-48.) ID Number: JA029847 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Charap, Samuel The United States and Russia assess their relationship based on diplomatic 'deliverables'. And the early 'reset' period saw many such deliverables emerge to lend credence to a warming trend. But this superficial assessment mode shrouds from view the underlying fragility of the relationship. Now it's time to address the relationship's deeper realities and problems. Assessing the Reset : Successes and Failures in the Obama Administration's Russia Policy, 2009-2012 / by Ruth Deyermond., 2013. (EUROPEAN SECURITY, vol. 22, no. 4, December 2013, p. 500-523.) ID Number: JA029911 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Deyermond, Ruth Critics of the Obama administration's 'reset' with Russia claim that it has failed to improve bilateral relations and has conceded too much to Russia at the expense of American interests. In fact, the reset has delivered significant improvements in key areas and established the institutional basis for continued cooperation in the future, benefiting both states. Although disagreements remain on several important issues including missile defence, humanitarian intervention, and democracy, the reset has been broadly successful on its own terms, which were always limited in scope and based on a pragmatic recognition of the limits of possible cooperation. Future progress is uncertain, however - obstacles include differences of national interest; the complicating effects of relations with third party states and the impact of domestic politics. A continuation of the pragmatic approach underpinning the reset represents the best chance for stability in the US-Russia relationship. WOMEN AND THE MILITARY Gender Perspectives and Fighting / by Robert Egnell., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 33-41.) ID Number: JA029862 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Egnell, Robert Many concerns related to women in combat roles stem from two related assumptions : (a) the existing structure and culture of the armed forces are well adapted to the requirements of combat; and (b) politically imposed change is harmful to the professionalism and effectiveness of the military. These can be dangerous assumptions. Instead, the traditional 'truths' about the nature of unit cohesion and the optimal capabilities of individual soldiers and officers need to be periodically examined. Doing so can maximize the effectiveness of military organizations in a changing environment.

 

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The Female Soldier / by Anthony C. King., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 13-25.) ID Number: JA029860 Type: ART Author(s): 1. King, Anthony C. Since the 1970s, women have been increasingly integrated into the military; in Iraq and Afghanistan many women served on the frontline in combat. The article argues women's integration has been facilitated by the all-volunteer professional forces in which individuals are judged purely by competence. Female soldiers have been accepted in all military roles if they perform competently. There are serious limitations in the infantry, however, as only a small number of women pass the selection tests and it is likely no more than one percent of the infantry could be female at present. Moreover, masculine prejudices abound and women are still the victims of discrimination, harassment, and abuse. WOMEN AND THE MILITARY--USA What Women Bring to the Fight / by Ellen L. Haring., 2013. (PARAMETERS, vol. 43, no. 2, Summer 2013, p. 27-32.) ID Number: JA029861 Type: ART Author(s): 1. Haring, Ellen L. The recent decision to integrate the US military fully was met with a range of emotions. For some it was a misguided decision that would erode combat effectiveness and have negative consequences for US security. Various objections were raised to justify keeping women out of combat units but most have been demolished by ten years of combat. This article exposes the flaws in two of the more persistent objections : (1) the presence of women in combat units will erode the vital bond that develops between men and (2) women are not as strong as men and so put male soldiers at risk.