ACP SUGAR RESEARCH PROGRAMME

MID-TERM REVIEW WORKSHP

1 – 4 OCTOBER 2012

MSIRI, MAURITIUS

Future Orientations of Research and Development for Sugar Cane Industries of ACP States

Jean Claude AutreyChair, ACP Scientific Committee on Sugar

& Scientific Advisory Group on Sugar

ACP Member States: 79

Sugar Producing States: 38

Sugar Protocol Members: 19

Barbados, Belize, Côte-d'Ivoire, DRC, Fiji, Guyana, Jamaica, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, St. Kitts & Nevis, Surinam, Swaziland, Tanzania, Trinidad & Tobago, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Non Sugar Protocol Members

Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Congo (Brazzaville), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinée, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Samoa, Sénégal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan,

Sugar Protocol Members

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Million to

nnes

, raw

val

ue

ACP Non-Protocol ACP Protocol

Sugar Production (1990-2010)

Top ACP - Protocol Producers

‘000 tonnes, raw valueAverage 2008-2010

Swaziland 658

Kenya 587

Mauritius 486

Zambia 341Malawi 321

Zimbabwe 299

Other 1,544

Top ACP - Non-Protocol Producers

‘000 tonnes, raw valueAverage 2008-2010

South Africa 2294

Cuba 1193

Sudan 801

Dominican Republic 514

Ethiopia 329

Uganda 301

Other 633

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Million to

nnes

, raw

val

ue

ACP Non-Protocol ACP Protocol

Sugar Exports

Mauritius 418

Swaziland 389

Zambia 220Guyana 212

Fiji 179

Mozambique 159

Other 603

Top ACP - Protocol Exporters

‘000 tonnes, raw valueAverage 2008-2010

Top ACP - Non Protocol Exporters

South Africa 722

Cuba 574

Dominican Republic 218

Sudan 113

Uganda 81

Other 134

‘000 tonnes, raw valueAverage 2008-2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

% g

loba

l sug

ar p

rodu

ctio

n

ACP Non-Protocol ACP Protocol ACP Total

ACP % Global Sugar Production

ACP % Global Sugar Exports (1990-2010)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

% g

lobal

exp

orts

ACP Non-Protocol ACP Protocol ACP Total

Intra-ACP Collaboration on R&D

LESSONS LEARNED FROM FIRST R & D PROGRAMME

1. Lengthy process

2. Complex procedures for project proposal preparation

3. Difficulties in meeting criteria set for evaluation of projects

4. Delay in signature of contracts with research centres

5. Stringent criteria for procurement of equipment and services

ACP SUGAR RESEARCH PROGRAMME

BUT

VALUE EURO 13 M IS UNIQUE

ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIES

1. Diverse 2. Geographically dispersed3. Various stages of development:

- Elementary - Advanced - Efficient/Inefficient4. High cost of production5. Simple products: raw sugar6. Diversified products: refined sugar, speciality sugars, electricity, bioethanol, other chemicals7. Lack of research infrastructure in general BUT

High productivity of cane and sugar , especially under irrigated conditions

ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIESCHALLENGES

1. Lowering cost of production

2. Increasing productivity

3. Broadening range of products

4. Adding value to co-products

5. Meeting environmental norms

6. Ensuring sustainable production

7. Ensuring efficient management and technology transfer

8. Taking advantage of advances in science and technology

9. Coping with societal issues

ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIESSOCIETAL ISSUES

1. Need for increased food production

2. Need for clean energy from renewable sources

3. Need for low carbon economy

4. Need to cope with climate change

ACP SUGAR CANE PRODUCING COUNTRIES

Research needed to address the challenges and societal issues

Wide consultation with researchers across the world both in ACP and other countries including Australia, France, Brazil

Future orientations grouped along 10 avenues: - Crop improvement- Biotechnology - Crop protection- Crop management- Environment- Sustainability- Factory and refining- Energy- Co-Products- Management and capacity building

What cane variety for the future ?

What cane variety for the future ?

• Normal cane (current)

• Normal cane (current)

• High quality cane

• High quality cane• High fibre cane• High fibre cane

• Energy cane• Energy cane

Breeding for biomass Breeding for biomass

Different scenarii

CommercialVariety

10 - 12% fibre

Sugar+bagassefor electricity+ ethanol

Increasing fibre content

Introgression from wild species

High qualityvariety

17 - 22% pol

More sugar+more bagassefor electricity+ ethanol

EnergyCane

>30% fibre

No sugar

Ethanol/rum

Electricity

High fibrevariety

20 - 30% fibre

Sugar+much more bagassefor electricity+ ethanol

BREEDING FOR BIOMASSNew variety development initiative to meet future challenges

CROP IMPROVEMENTBreeding

• Breeding for energy canes– High fibre– Tolerant to abiotic constraints– Usable sucrose

• Breeding for marginal areas• Breeding for drought tolerance• Development of computer systems

Breeding/biotechnology

• Develop biotechnology laboratories on a regional basis in Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific for– Fingerprinting varieties for precise identification– Diagnostic testing for disease identification– Diagnostic testing of insect pests– Support to quarantine and safe movement of

germplasm– Production of GM canes

CROP PROTECTION

Entomology• Elaboration of a sugar cane biosecurity programme• Setting up of a central biological control facility for Africa• Integrated pest management: optimisation of ecological

processes

Pathology• Metagenomics to identify the genomes of all viruses that

inhabit sugar cane• Multiplex diagnosis of diseases using DNA microarray and

PCR.• Development of mini-setts as planting material

CROP MANAGEMENT

• Soils• Water• Environment• Sustainability

Soils

• Management of salinity and sodic soils

Water

• Water management, particularly efficient use of irrigation water

• Management of drainage• Assess impacts of projected climate change

scenarios on water availability

Environment

• Green cane harvesting: need for machines for small scale outgrowers

• Quantification of GHGs released/sequested under a range of sugar production systems

• Improve and simplify carbon footprint estimation by sugar cane growers

Sustainability

• Investigate new farming systems that reduce costs, improve sustainability of soils, minimise water usage, and facilitate harvesting

• Investigate methods to reduce input costs of fertilisers, herbicides and energy

• Assess agricultural challenges associated with delivering additional fibre for cogeneration

Factory / Refining

• Reducing costs of production. • Reducing agricultural pollution.• Managing water utilisations.• Coping with high fibre cane• Using computer models to investigate season length, cane

payment systems, incentives to produce specific cane qualities.• Using network analysis to study integrated production systems.• Investigate green chemistry and green technology.• Investigate refining decolourisation processes, back end refining

and producing plantation white sugar without using sulphur.

ADDING VALUE TO THE RENEWABLE BIOMASS INDUSTRYEthanol Car in 1925Ethanol car 1924

Energy / Co-products

• No research needed for bioethanol production and electricity cogeneration: purchase of turn key projects.

• Adding value to molasses (instead of spraying on roads): animal feed• Trash collection, transport and separation.• Saving/economising energy.• Adding value to mill mud, ash, effluent water and vinasse• Adding value to ethanol with the production of organic substances.• Use of sucrose to produce high value co-products.• Bagasse pelleting

• Torrefaction and Gasification of bagasse• Cellulosic fermentation• Use of energy crops: sweet sorghum, sugar cane relatives and woody species:

Eucalyptus • Use of woodchips as fuel in factories close to wood processing industries especially

outside cane crop season for year round electric production.

MANAGEMENT

• Training in technology transfer, followed by transfer of technology to farmers on small holdings

• Supply chain optimisation involving length of milling season, cane payments and incentives to deliver different cane components

• Use of a Network Analysis package to analyse complex systems

• Improve safety on both the factory floor and cane farm.

• Training in applied statistics

NEW R & D PROGRAMME• To be elaborated along four main avenues:

- Enhanced production * New varieties and new canes * Disease and pest control * Novel methods of bulking new cane germplasm

- Sustainable production * Soil management * Water management * Alleviation of climate change * Coping with environmental norms

NEW R & D PROGRAMME

- Improved Processes * Milling of new canes * Improving milling and refining processes * Managing integrated production system

All four avenues imply better management, capacity building, supply chain optimization, quality control, etc…

- Value Addition * Use of total cane biomass * Second generation of products: cellulosic ethanol, gasification and torrefaction of bagasse * High value organic substances * Exploitation of other energy crops

NEXT STEPS

The obvious

• Build up on the achievements of the First ACP R & D programme and lessons learned

e.g. new hybrids, early canes, safe germplasm exchange, resource management, optimisation of energy use, environmental norms, sustainability

NEXT STEPS

The obvious• Elaboration of broad themes by ACP Sugar Research Committee

• Prioritisation of projects through discussions with ACP researchers and others

• Preparations of outlines of research project proposals

• Interaction with donor agencies for funding: EU, etc…Taking advantage of Euro 7 billion under EU’s Seventh Framework Programme for Research to boost up innovation as per press release of 20 July 2011. Euro 265 million reserved for environmental research to address climate change, etc…

• Promote capacity building through provision or sponsorship of training in R&D work, sugar technology (raw and refining), laboratory operations and in any other relevant field

NEXT STEPS

The less obvious

Investigate possibilities of developing new, simple R&D facilities, particularly in Africa- This could involve participation / co-opting of qualified outsiders for specific projects

Creation of regional centres for specific objectives: biological control, disease diagnosis, co-product valorisation, bioenergy, biotechnology, sustainability, etc… (could be units within established centres)

NEXT STEPS

International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology - (ICSB)

Brazilian Consortium for Bagasse Gasification – BIOSYNGAS

International Sugar Cane Biomass Utilization Consortium (ISBUC)

GETTING ORGANIZED THROUGH NETWORKING

ISSCTInternational Consortium for

Sugarcane Biotechnology - (ICSB)

1988-1989 : Informal agreement between HSPA & CTC (Brazil) to

jointly fund a research project

1991 : Agreement to form a group to jointly sponsor research

projects (4 countries, 7 institutions)

1992 : Formalization of the ICSB - 10 members

2011 : ICSB has 19 members from 13 countries

Member countries:

Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,

France, Guatemala, India, Mauritius, Philippines,

South Africa, USA, West Indies

International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology- (ICSB)

1998-2010: 29 research projects funded for > US $ 5 000 000

Membership fee: US $ 2 000 annually

Meetings: One business meeting held annually

Members who do not sponsor a specific project are not

entitled to its results, however can join in at a later stage

but with a higher fee involved

ISSCT

International Sugar Cane Biomass Utilization Consortium (ISBUC)

Members of ISBUC participants in gasification of bagasse project

- Associação Brasileira de Luz Síncrotron (ABTLuS ) - Brazilian Association for Synchrotron Light Technology, Brazil

- Cosan S/A Industria E Comercio, Brazil

- Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC), Brazil

- Dedini S/A Indústrias De Base, Brazil

- eRcane, Reunion

- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de Sao Paulo - SA (IPT), Brazil

- Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Centre, Thailand

- Omnicane, Mauritius

- South African Sugar Association (SASA)- Sugar Milling Research Institute (SMRI), South Africa- Sugar Research Ltd, Australia

Research entities

• PublicInstituto de Pesquisas Tecnológias do Estado de São Paulo (IPT)Escola Superior de Agronomia Luis de Queiroz (ESALQ)

• PrivateCentro de Technologia Canavieira (CTC) – R&D for 160 mills

Sugar cane industryCOSAN (23 mills, 60 million tonnes of cane)

Private Sector: OthersPetrobras – oil & biofuelsBrasken - chemicalsOxyteno – gasVale Soluções em Energia (VSE) – Energy equipment

Banks: Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social

Budget: USD 50 MDuration: 5 yearsDate of initiation: 1 January 2012

Brazilian Consortium for Bagasse Gasification – BIOSYNGASGovernment: Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil

BIOMASS UTILIZATION FOR GENERATION OF SUGAR AND COPRODUCTSBIOMASS UTILIZATION FOR GENERATION OF SUGAR AND COPRODUCTS

Canebiomass

Effluen

ts fr

om

biopla

stic

s

Biotechnologytools

Solar energy

Bio

fert

iliz

ers

co2

Value-

dded

mole

cule

sSugarfactory

Cane and trash

Biofertilizers

Su

ga

r ex

po

rts

Vinasse

Cogenerationplants

EthanoldistilleryEthanol

Liquors

, etc

.

Bagasse and trash

Steam & electricity

Sugar

Foodproducts

Can

e j

uic

e

Mo

las

ses

Steam

& e

lect

ricity

SolventsBioplastic

factory

Ste

am a

nd

elec

tric

ity

co2

co2

Sugar

Bioplastics

co2

Leaves & trash

Effluents

FUTURE EVOLUTION OF THE SUGAR CANE INDUSTRYFUTURE EVOLUTION OF THE SUGAR CANE INDUSTRY

Canebiomass

Effluen

ts fro

m

biopla

stics

Biotechnologytools

Solar energyB

iofe

rtili

zers

co2

Value

-add

ed

mole

cules

Cane and trash

Biofertilizers

Sug

ar e

xpor

ts

Vinasse

Ethanol

Liquo

rs, e

tc.

Bagasse and trash

Steam & electricity

Sugar

Can

e ju

ice

Mol

asse

s

Steam

& e

lectri

city

Solvents

Ste

am a

ndel

ectr

icity

co2

co2

Sugar

Bioplastics

co2

Leaves & trash

Effluents

Sugarfactory

Foodproducts

Cogen.plants

Ethanoldistillery

Bioplasticfactory

SUGAR

CROPS

Fibre Crops

E-Grass (Miscanthus giganteus), Giant Reed (Arundo donax), Switch grass (Panicum virgatum), Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

Acacia (Leucaena spp), Eucalyptus (Eucaliptus cinerea)

Sweet sorghum

MISCANTHUS

Sugar cane provides sustainability through:- Employment- Net export earnings- Avoidance of fossil fuel import- Cheaper electricity- Carbon sequestration- Assignments for service industry- Low pollution load- Soil conservation- Greenery for landscaping- Broad land ownership

Sugar cane provides sustainability through:- Employment- Net export earnings- Avoidance of fossil fuel import- Cheaper electricity- Carbon sequestration- Assignments for service industry- Low pollution load- Soil conservation- Greenery for landscaping- Broad land ownership

Dancing nakedin the mind field

Dr Kary Mullis

“ There is a very important rule in

evolution. Don’t trouble yourself with details that do not matter for

survival. Who ever can do something more

efficiently, survives.” Page 157

Conclusions

The world will need more food (sugar) The world will need more clean renewable and sustainable energy (ethanol,

electricity) The world will need a low carbon economy

Food Energy

Low Carbon

Sugar cane

SURPRISING

ASPECTS OF

BIOMASS

TOO MUCH

SUGAR &

ETHANOL ??!

!

J. MAURICE PATURAU23.04.1916 – 27.06.1996

Grand Chevalier de la Légion d’HonneurChevalier de l’Ordre de la Libération

Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC)Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)

Grand Officer of the Order of Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (GOSK)

By-Products of the cane sugar industry: An introduction to their industrial utilization, 1969

Sugar

ElectricityEthanol

BioplasticsGreen Cement

Carbon Credits

Thank you