aCommunicating Ethically and Effectively - Chapter 16

7/23/2019 aCommunicating Ethically and Effectively - Chapter 16

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Thien Christian Nguyen Prep #12

Preparing to Participate: Chapter 16

Studying Persuasion

1. What reasons does the text mention for studying persuasion? What is persuasive public speaking? What

are the goals of persuasive public speaking?

Studying persuasion will help us be a more informed and critical consumer of persuasive

messages like advertisement or television.

Persuasive public speaking is a specific type of speech in which the speaker has a goal of

convincing the audience to accept his or her point of view

he goal of persuasive public speaking is !1" to change attitudes# values# and beliefs and !$" to

change behavior

o Persuade audience to support same%sex marriage

o Persuade audience to drink tap water instead of bottled water.

$. &ow is persuasive speaking different from informative speaking? &ow does the role of the audience

change?

'n informative speaking# a speaker plays a role of a teacher who tries to inform the audience

about the topic without taking any side. &owever# in a persuasive speaking# a speaker plays a role

of an advocate for a position# policy# or way of viewing the world. (or example

o opic for informative speaking: &istory of same%sex marriage legali)ation

o opic for persuasive speaking: Why same%sex marriage should not be legali)ed in the

*nited States.

he audience in persuasive speaking becomes the focus of your persuasive efforts as they present

the portion of the whole audience that you most want to influences. here are three things that

one should consider while analy)ing the audience for persuasive speaking.

o +ttitude is defined as an individual,s general predisposition toward something as being good

or bad# right or wrong# or negative or positive. (or example# attitudes towards underage

drinking.

o -eliefs are propositions or positions that an individual holds as true or false withoutpositive knowledge or proof.

o alue refers to an individual,s perception of the usefulness# importance# or worth of

something. (or example# value for technology.

Persuasive Public Speaking

/. What are 0uestions of fact# value# and policy? What are the burdens of proof for each?

uestions of fact are 0uestions concerned with what is or is not true# what does or does not exist#

what did or did not happen in the past.

o (or example: (acebook is not profitable in $223

o -urden of proof for this type of 0uestion include

4efining key terms: What does it mean to be 5not profitable6

uestions of value concern what you might consider to be right or wrong# moral or immoral# 7ustor un7ust# or good or bad.

o (or example: 4ating people on the 'nternet is an immoral form of dating.

o -urden of proof:

4efining key terms: What is 'nternet dating? What constitutes immoral.

8riterion is the measuring stick by which the value 7udgment is made: What do

you compare 'nternet dating to when you claim that it is immoral?

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uestions of policy concern what should be done# what law should be changed# or what policy

should be followed.

o (or example: he *nited States should stop capital punishment.

o -urden of proof:

4efining key term: Which arm of the *S government are you talking about?

What do you mean by capital punishment?

Some problem or harm must exist: he speaker of the above topic can argue that

capital punishment costs more than imprisonment or rehabilitation programs.

here are inherent barriers exist that is preventing the status 0uo from acting to

solve the problem: Why is the current policy on capital punishment not effective

in reducing crime and reducing cost for the government?

he speaker must establish that hisher recommended course of action will solve

the problem.

9. &ow do you know whether your topic needs to be argued from fact# value# or policy?

;our topic needs to be argued from fact if your topic posits whether something is true or untrue#

or is the potential for controversy. 't also must be specific as to time# place# people involved# and

situation.o (or example: onroe,s motivated

se0uence are best for 0uestions of policy:

o Problem%solution is best when you are advocating a change in policy

o Problem%cause%solution is best when you want to highlight the causes associated with a

problem.

o 8omparative advantage order is best when you want to compare the advantages and

disadvantages of two competing solutions.

o >onroe,s motivated se0uence includes five steps

+ttention capture attention of your audience

@eed demonstrate that the problem must be addressed

Satisfaction address your recommended course of action

isuali)ation &elp the listeners visuali)e the benefits of adopting your plan

+ction ell the listeners what they should do and how they can do it.

A. &ow do you decide which organi)ational pattern is most appropriate for your topic?

(irst# one need to decide whether heshe is going to argue the topic from facts# values or policy.

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@ext# one need to understand what the focus of the topic is: 4oes heshe want to focus on the

different aspects of the problem# the cause associated with the problem# or the course of actions

needed to solve the problem?

Preparing to Participate: Chapter 16

4irections: 'dentify whether the following topics are topics of fact# value# or policy. !@ote: +ll lab prep

0uestions and answers must be typed and submitted during lab."

Passive smoking affects non%smokers because of indirect exposure: F

he rights of endangered animal species are more important than the rights of indigenous human

populations. V

he +merican 7udicial system has overemphasi)ed the rights of the accused. V

Smoking in public places should be banned. P

he *.S. government should establish a national safety program for elementary school students P

(astening seatbelts saves lives. F

he current tax system favors the wealthy. V

Brgani)ed college athletics should reorgani)e to optimi)e television revenue. P

he *.S. government should significantly increase the exploration of space. P

(riends is a better television program than Seinfeld. V

Cife evolved naturally from existing conditions on Darth. F

+merican commercial broadcasters have sacrificed 0uality for entertainment. V

Poodles make better dogs than beagles. V

8omputer technology will change +merican education. F

he *.S. government should establish a comprehensive +'4S policy. P

>edia 'nteraction: Chapter 16

1. +ccording to this video# what persuasive strategies do manufactures of tobacco and alcohol use to

market their products?

+dvertised with young people

>en are told to earn their freedom and masculinity through smoking !through the image of

cowboys"

hrough advertising and feature films# with celebrities holding cigarettes in their hands.

*sing talking animals to attract children and teenagers.

$. 's the 4eadly Persuasion video effective? Why or why not?

he 4eadly Persuasion is effective since it uses a wide variety of real life example to prove its

point

he video has very clear and logical topical organi)ational pattern with clear introduction and

conclusion# as well as smooth transitions from one point to another.

o 'ntroduction

o he +dvertising of obacco

o he +dvertising of +lcohol

o (ighting -ack with course of actions

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/. Who is the target audience for the 4eadly Persuasion video?

Students during their teenagers age who are more easily attracted to advertisement of tobacco and

alcohol.

9. &ow can you use your knowledge of persuasive strategies to shield you against the persuasive attempts

of others?

(irst of all# it is important to 0uestion all the sources used in this video since the speakers rarelyorally cites any source she uses through her presentation

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aCommunicating Ethically and Effectively - Chapter 16