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PUBLIC SPEAKINGPUBLIC SPEAKING
Chapter 4Speaking Freely and Ethically
Chapter 4Speaking Freely and Ethically
Why Ethical Communication?
Why Ethical Communication?
“Ethical communication enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity and respect for self and others.”
-- National Communication Association Credo for Communication Ethics
“Ethical communication enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity and respect for self and others.”
-- National Communication Association Credo for Communication Ethics
What are Ethics?What are Ethics?
Values and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.
Examples of ethical actions: Refusing to cheat on exams Not calling in sick when healthy Property owner who does not overstate
storm damage to insurance company
Values and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.
Examples of ethical actions: Refusing to cheat on exams Not calling in sick when healthy Property owner who does not overstate
storm damage to insurance company
Ethics in Public SpeakingEthics in Public Speaking
The privilege of free speech carries with it the responsibility of ethical speaking.
1. Your speech goals, arguments and evidence must take into account the morals, values, and beliefs of your audience.
2. Ethical speaking is audience-centered.3. Ethical speaking is honest and is not
plagiarized.
The privilege of free speech carries with it the responsibility of ethical speaking.
1. Your speech goals, arguments and evidence must take into account the morals, values, and beliefs of your audience.
2. Ethical speaking is audience-centered.3. Ethical speaking is honest and is not
plagiarized.
Unethical SpeakingUnethical Speaking
Brainwashing as in Adolph Hitler’s speeches inciting German people to genocide.
Chinese speeches exhorting citizens to reveal the whereabouts of student Leaders of the 1989 uprising.
Sen. Joseph McCarthy’s false claims in the Communist “wish hunt.”
Brainwashing as in Adolph Hitler’s speeches inciting German people to genocide.
Chinese speeches exhorting citizens to reveal the whereabouts of student Leaders of the 1989 uprising.
Sen. Joseph McCarthy’s false claims in the Communist “wish hunt.”
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Image by Waterson. From http://www.rsrevision.com/Alevel/ethics/kant/index.htm
Speaking FreelySpeaking Freely
Have a Clear, Responsible Goal Give listeners choices. Do not keep your agenda
hidden from your listeners.
Have a Clear, Responsible Goal Give listeners choices. Do not keep your agenda
hidden from your listeners.QuickTime™ and a
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bogners.typepad.com/.../06/hidden_agendas.html
Speaking EthicallySpeaking Ethically
First Amendment guarantees free speech.
ACLU helps protest free speech Supreme court: flag burning
protected under free speech Patriot Act sparks controversy
between national security & free speech
First Amendment guarantees free speech.
ACLU helps protest free speech Supreme court: flag burning
protected under free speech Patriot Act sparks controversy
between national security & free speech
Use sound Evidence & Reasoning tp speak
ethically
Use sound Evidence & Reasoning tp speak
ethically Do not make false claims Do not substitute emotions for
logic Keep quality of evidence high.
Do not make false claims Do not substitute emotions for
logic Keep quality of evidence high.
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Be Sensitive to & Tolerant of Differences
Be Sensitive to & Tolerant of Differences
Be willing to listen to opposing sides (accommodation).
Avoid language that might be biased or offensive.
Be willing to listen to opposing sides (accommodation).
Avoid language that might be biased or offensive.
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Be HonestBe Honest
Offering false or misleading information is unethical.
Give credit for ideas and types of information that is not your own.
Offering false or misleading information is unethical.
Give credit for ideas and types of information that is not your own. QuickTime™ and a
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www.cartoonstock.com/directory/s/sampling.asp
Do Not PlagiarizeDo Not Plagiarize Plagiarizing: presenting someone
else’s ideas or words as though they were yours.
Plagiaphrasing: failure to give credit for compelling phrases taken from another source.
Plagiarizing: presenting someone else’s ideas or words as though they were yours.
Plagiaphrasing: failure to give credit for compelling phrases taken from another source.
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Do Your Own WorkDo Your Own Work
Think of an original approach. Avoid articles that can be
converted into speeches. Edit your own work.
Think of an original approach. Avoid articles that can be
converted into speeches. Edit your own work.
Acknowledge Your SourcesAcknowledge Your Sources
YOU MUST CITE: Direct quotes, no matter how short. Opinions or ideas of others, even if
paraphrased. Statistics. Non-original visual materials, graphs,
pictures & tables).
Give oral and written citations.
YOU MUST CITE: Direct quotes, no matter how short. Opinions or ideas of others, even if
paraphrased. Statistics. Non-original visual materials, graphs,
pictures & tables).
Give oral and written citations.
Listen EthicallyListen Ethically
Listeners share responsibility for ethical communication.
Ethical Listeners:Communication expectations and
feedback.Are sensitive to and tolerant of
differences.Critically evaluate the speaker.
Listeners share responsibility for ethical communication.
Ethical Listeners:Communication expectations and
feedback.Are sensitive to and tolerant of
differences.Critically evaluate the speaker.
DiscussDiscuss
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