ACLIMAS - Jordan

Yahya Shakhatreh, Pedro Carvalho, John Foulkes,

Iyad Musallam, Faddel Ismail,

Yahya Bani Khalaf, Nabeel Bani Hani

SWIM - Sustainable Water Integrated

Management Demonstration Project

ACLIMAS annual meeting – Rabat, 23 October 2013

Table 1: available and requested equipment and machines required for the successful

completion of the work.

No. Item Cost (€) Notes

1 Car 26,000 Purchased

2 Zero-till machine 12,500 Zero-till machine is available at the

demonstration site, the allocated

money used for purchasing

physiological/crop scanning

instruments (SPAD 502 meter,

Fluorpen FP100 and Greenseeker) as

agreed with Dr Mladen Todorović,

Project Coordinator

3 Weather station 8,500 Delivered and fixed

Meetings (2013) Objective

7 - 12 June (2012) - Design demonstration experiments and agree protocol

25 - 27 February - Canopy Sensors Workshop

7 - 8 April - Demonstration work follow-up

- Writing abstracts for:

‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference on Land and Water

Challenges’ (Bari, Italy)

7 - 8 July - Data analysis

- Preparation of the papers for:

‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference on Land and Water

Challenges’ (Bari, Italy)

11 - 13 September

(Bari, Italy)

- Final discussion of the slides for:

- ‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference on Land and

Water Challenges’ (Bari, Italy)

- Discussion of ACLIMAS 2013/14 activities

27 - 28 November - Design demonstration experiments and agree protocol

- Plan 2014 Workshop

Collaboration – Uni Nottingham & NCARE

Amman & Irbid, 25 – 27 February 2013

Pedro Carvalho, John Foulkes, Erik Murchie and Yahya Shakhatreh

Aim: Train NCARE staff and Uni Jordan scientists on crop phenotyping

techniques applied in Demonstration experiments (WP2)

Greenseeker® 505 Handheld

(NTech Industries, Inc.)

NDVI

Infrared Thermometer

INF151 (UEI)

Canopy temperature

SPAD-502Plus

(Konica Minolta)

Chlorophyll content

PAR-FluorPen

FP 100-MAX-LN (PSI)

Fluorescence meter

Visual Senescence Scoring

Stay-green

Canopy Sensors Workshop

NCARE Irbid, Jordan 27 February 2013

NDVI (Canopy size)

Canopy To C (Canopy Ps)

NDVI = (R900 - R680)/(R900+R680)

20+ attendees (NCARE & Uni Jordan)

Canopy Sensors Workshop

Trials

Offices

Maru Research Station

Irbid, Jordan

Demonstration 2012/2013

Altitude: 590 m

Rainfall: 412 mm

Soil type: heavy clay;

available water 180 mm m-1

Irrigation x Crop Species - Durum wheat and barley

- Rainfed (control)

- Full irrigation

- Supplemental irrigation

Tillage x Wheat Cultivars

- 5 Durum wheat cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

Tillage x Barley Cultivars

- 2 Spring barley cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date

- 2 Durum wheat cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

- 3 Sowing dates

Growth stages

Leaf Chlorophyll Content

Leaf Fv/Fm

Canopy ToC (canopy Ps)

NDVI (canopy size)

Water use (gravimetric)

Greenseeker® 505

(NTech, Inc.)

SPAD-502Plus (Minolta)

Infrared Thermometer INF151 (UEI)

Fluorpen FP100 (PSI)

Irrigation x Crop Species - Measurements

Irrigation x Crop Species - Biomass and grain yield

SED Gen x Irr (df 10)

SED Gen x Irr (df 10)

Rainfed

Sup-Irrigation

(50 mm @ 14 d pre-anthesis)

Full-Irrigation

(50 mm @ 14 d pre-anthesis + 10 post-anthesis)

• 2 Crop species:

- Durum wheat cv ACSAD65 ~ high yield potential

- Barley cv Muta ~ drought tolerant

• Complete randomized block design (3 reps)

• Plot size - 20 m2

Rainfed

S-Irri

F-Irr

Rainfed

S-Irri

F-Irr

GNM2 SED G x Irr = 868 ns

Rainfed S-Irr

F-Irr

Rainfed

S-Irr

F-Irr

GWT SED G x Irr = 1.69 mg *

Water availability

increased grain yield

through grains m-2 in

barley and durum wheat

Water availability

increased grain yield

through grain weight in

durum wheat

Irrigation x Crop Species – G Yield vs GN and GWT

Irrigation x Crop Species – WU and WUE

SED Gen x Irr (df 10) Rainfed

Sup-Irrigation

Full-Irrigation

Water uptake to 60 cm soil depth

similar in barley and durum wheat

SED Gen x Irr (df 10) Trend for increased water

productivity with Supp-Irr in durum

wheat

Irrigation x Crop Species – Canopy temperature

SED Gen x Irr (df 10) Rainfed

Sup-Irrigation

Full-Irrigation

Cooler canopies in

durum wheat with

Sup-Irr and Full-Irr

correlated with grain

weight responses

Irrigation x Crop Species – NDVI

Barley Durum Wheat

In rain-fed conditions:

•Onset of canopy senescence

occurred at later phenological

stage in barley than durum wheat

• Rate of canopy senescence

faster in barley than durum wheat

NDVI = [R900-R680]/[R900+R680]

Irrigation x Crop Species - Summary

- Supplemental-Irrigation:

Grain yield by 3.4% in barley & 32.9% in durum wheat;

Grains m-2 in durum wheat than barley;

Grain Weight in durum wheat barley.

- Later onset of canopy senescence in rain-fed barley: drought escape

- Trend for improved biomass WUE in Sup-Irr in durum wheat.

- SI more effective after anthesis in barley but pre-anthesis in wheat.

- Barley more drought tolerant than durum wheat.

- Spectral reflectance (NDVI) useful in optimising timing of SI.

Growth stages

Leaf Chlorophyll Content

Leaf Fv/Fm

Canopy ToC (canopy Ps)

NDVI (canopy size)

Water use (gravimetric)

Greenseeker® 505

(NTech, Inc.)

SPAD-502Plus (Minolta)

Infrared Thermometer INF151 (UEI)

Fluorpen FP100 (PSI)

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date - Measurements

• 2 Wheat cultivars (ACSAD, Hurani)

• 3 Sowing dates (Early, Mid, Late)

• 2 Tillages (CT and ZT)

• Split-split block design (3 reps)

• Plot size - 50 m2

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date – Biomass and GY

ACSAD65 Hurani

Early (28/11/12) Mid (16/12/12) Late (2/1/12)

SED Tillage x Sowing (df 4)** SED Tillage x Sowing (df 4)**

SED Tillage x Sowing (df 6)* SED Tillage x Sowing (df 6)*

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date – GY vs TGW & G m-2

GY vs Grains m-2

GY vs TGW

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date - Canopy temperature

Early

Mid

Late

ACSAD65

Hurani

SED Tillage x Sowing (df 8)

SED Tillage x Sowing (df 8)

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date - Summary

- Early sowing date:

AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2

Canopy temperature

- Zero Tillage:

Early sowing — AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2

Mid sowing — AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2

Late sowing — not affected

ZT, Early Sowing and Improved Cultivars reveled

important for wheat yield stability under rainfed

conditions Jordan

‘1st CIGR Inter-Regional Conference

on Land and Water Challenges’

Scientific dissemination

Tillage x Wheat Cultivars

- 5 Durum wheat cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

Tillage x Barley Cultivars

- 2 Spring barley cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date

- 2 Durum wheat cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

- 3 Sowing dates

Rainfed

Full irrigation

- 1st irr pre-anthesis

- 2nd irr post-anthesis

Supplemental 1

- irr pre-anthesis

Supplemental 2

- irr post-anthesis

Irrigation x Crop Species - Durum wheat and barley

- Rainfed (control)

- Full irrigation

- Supplemental irrigation

Location: Amman, March 2014

Conveyors: Pedro Carvalho, John Foulkes and Erik Murchie

Days: 3

Participants: 20+

Tentative title: Application of physiology in

predictive agronomy and plant breeding

Uni Nottingham & NCARE - Workshop 2014

Location: Amman and Maru April 2014

Conveyors: Yahya Shakhatreh and ICARDA expertise

Days: 3

Participants: 20 to 25

Tentative title: Maximizing productivity of wheat

and barley under dry- land systems

Uni Nottingham & NCARE - Workshop 2014

On-ground Implementation 2012/13

Number : 12 Farmers Area: 27.3 ha

On-ground Implementation 2012/13

No Name Region Crop Variety Tilage BYLD(k

g/ha

GYLD(kg/ha Area (ha)

1 Shukri Saeed ababneh Irbid Wheat Acsad 65 CT 4192.0 1718.0 2.7

ZT 4437.0 1825.0

2 Ahmed Mfleh Obedat Bani Khananeh Wheat Cham 1 CT 6048 3004 2.5

ZT 8056 4008

3 Naser Ibrahem / Kazaleh Al- Ramtha Barley Muata CT 3417 1476 2.5

ZT 3878 1964

4 Mahmood alkarki Bani Obaid Barley Adruh CT 3386 1476 1.7

ZT 3608 1630

5 Ibraheem Uglah Mjali Al- Ramtha Barley Muata CT 4628 2040 2

ZT 5610 2214

6

Mohamed Musa Bani

Hani

Bani Obaid Vetch

Lacal CT

3211.2 1177.2 3

ZT 3019 1075

7 Ahmed Yaseen Al-Wardat Al- Ramtha/W Vetch Local CT 3602 906 2.5

ZT 3443 927

8 Ahmed Qasem Kazaleh Al- Ramtha Vetch Lacal CT 2799 833 2

ZT 2417 779

Total

18.9

Improved varieties and conservation agriculture

On-ground Implementation 2012/13

Full package of integrated cropping practices with improved varieties

Name Region Crop Variety BYLD(kg/h

a

GYLD(kg/ha Area(kg/ha

)

1 Sultan Al-karaki Irbid Wheat Acsad

1105 7899 3600 2

Acsad

1275 Farikaفريكه -

Farmer

check 4320 1800

2 Sufian Abd Alazez

Obedat Bani

Khananeh

Wheat Acsad

1187 7811 3800 2.7

Farmer

check 6262 2846

3 Baseem Al-Rihani Bani

Obaid

Barley

Adruh 6520 3500 2

( check) 5940 2700

4 Mohamed Suliman

Ibrahem Al-

Ramtha

Barley

Adruh 4888 2372 1.7

Total ( check) 4224 2110 8.4

Summary

•CA GY and BY for both Wheat and Barley

•Slightly decrease in GY and BY under ZT for Vetch

•Full package GY and BY for both Wheat and Barley

On-ground Implementation 2012/13

Field days 2012/2013

•Zero tillage and Improver varieties in Bani Khananak March 13, 2013 Participants : 31 •Full package and ZT at Ramtha April 3, 2013 Participants: 20 •Open field day at Maru and Bani Khananah May 14 2013 •Participants: More than 150

On-ground Implementation 2013/2014

• Including 10- 12 farmers

• Total area (20 – 30 ha)

• Use ZT and improved variety

• Full package practices

• Targeting wheat, barley and vetches

Conservation Agriculture Workshop

Location, 15-17/5/ 2013

Lecturers

Stephen Losse (ICARDA)

Collin Piggin (ICARDA)

Yahya Shakhatreh (NCARE)

Nabeel Banihani (NCARE)

Faddel Ismael (NCARE)

Aim: The aim of this training workshop is to train selected NCARE staff,

both researchers and extension agents on the principals and application

of the CA systems in field crops under rainfed conditions.

Participants : 24

Future Work - Timeline

•Two seminars about the results of the demonstrations and on-ground

implementation (40 to 50 participants)

•Five field days ( 80 to 100 participants).

•Two training workshops (40 to 50 participants).

•Preparing manuscripts to published in good refereed journals (at

least two).

•Producing video films.

•Dissemination materials.