Acids Properties and Its Uses

7/31/2019 Acids Properties and Its Uses

1/31

CHEMISTRY PROJECT WORK

GUIDED BY: MR. PAWAN KUMAR


2/31

ACID PROPERTIES AND ITS USES


3/31

PURPOSE

ACID

The purpose of this presentation is to explore about :

Acid Properties Applications of acid


4/31

CONTENTS

ACID

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS

I. SOURNESS

II. CHANGE IN BLUE LITMUS TO RED

III. CHANGE METHYL ORANGE TO RED

IV. CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY WHENDISSOLVED IN WATER


5/31

CONTENTS

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS

I. NEUTRALIZATION

II. REACTION WITH CARBONATESIII. REACTION WITH BICARBONATES

IV. REACTION WITH METALS

V. REACTIONS WITH METALLOXIDES

ACIDS IN WATER


6/31

CONTENTS

ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN

I. ORGANIC ACIDS

II. MINERAL ACIDS

ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF STRENGTH

I. STRONG ACIDS

II. WEAK ACIDS

ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF CONCENTRATION

I. DILUTE ACIDS

II. CONCENTRATED ACIDS

APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS


7/31

METHODOLOGY

1. Sources Used:

I. Books

II. Internet

III. Textbooks


8/31

ACID

Acids are those substances which releasehydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.


9/31

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACID

It has a sour taste.

It turns blue litmus to red.

It turns methyl orange to red.

It conduct electricity when dissolved in

water.


10/31

HOW ACIDS ARE SOUR IN TASTES

Sourness is the taste that detects acidity. Thesourness of substances is rated relative todilute hydrochloric acid, which has a

sourness index of 1. By comparison, tartaricacid has a sourness index of 0.7, citricacid an index of 0.46, and carbonic acid an

index of 0.06


11/31

HOW ACID TURNS BLUE TO RED LITMUS

Litmus paper is a soft paper that contains acombination of chemicals known collectivelyas "universal indicator". Each type of

molecule in universal indicator has an "acidic"form that contains an H atom in a particularpart of the molecule. This indicates blue to

red litmus.


12/31

HOW ACID TURNS METHYLORANGE TO RED

Methyl orange is a halo chromic substance inwhich it changes its color resulting from achemical reaction , especially from a change

in pH, when it binds to existing hydrogen andhydroxide ions in solution, these bonds causechanges in the flow of electrons, which in turn

affects the amount of light absorbed. This isperceptible to the naked eye as a colorchange in the solution. And it turns to red.


13/31

HOW ACID CONDUCT ELECTRICITYWHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER

Acids in water conduct electricity, due to H+ions released by them respectively. Acidreacts with metal to form salt and release H2

gas. Acids react with metal carbonate toproduce corresponding salt.


14/31

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS

Neutralization

Reaction with carbonates

Reaction with bicarbonates Reaction with metals

Reaction with metallic oxides


15/31

NEUTRALIZATION

An acid when reacts with a base, salt & water areproduced. This reaction is called neutralization.

I. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

II. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O

III. HCl + KOH KCl + H2O


16/31

REACTION WITH CARBONATES

Acid and carbonates are combined to producesalt, water and carbon dioxide.

Acid + Metal Carbonate Salt +CO2 + H2O

I. MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2OII. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

III. Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O

IV. CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O


17/31

REACTION WITH BICARBONATES

Acid and bicarbonates are combined to producesalt, water and carbon dioxide.

Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate Salt + CO2 + H2O

NaHCO3

+ HCl NaCl + CO2

+ H2O


18/31

REACTION WITH METAL

Acid + MetalSalt + Hydrogen gas

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 6HCl + Fe2O3 2FeCl3 + 3H2O


19/31

REACTIONS WITH METTALIC OXIDES

Acid + Metal oxide Salt + water

2HCL + CuO CuCl2 + H2O


20/31

ACIDS IN WATER

Acids produce H+ ions when dissolved inwater. H+ ions cannot exist alone. Theycombine molecule (H2O) to form H3O+

Hydronium ions. It conducts electricity.


21/31

ACIDS IN WATER

1. Acid + Water decrease in H3O+ ions concentration per unit

volume dilute acids are formed

2. Acid + Water Highly exothermic reaction. Acids when

dissolved in water releases large amount of heat. If water isadded to concentrated acid then the heat generated maycause the mixture the splash out and cause burns. Hence acidmust be added drop wise into water with constant stirring sothat the

Strong Acid release more H+ ions HCl

Weak Acid release less number of H+ ions acetic acid


22/31

ON THE BASIS OF ORIGINS,ACIDS ARE CLASSIFIED AS :

ORGANIC ACIDS : Acids derived from living organisms likeplants and animals are called organic acids. They are weakacids and are not harmful for living organisms. For example:citric acid is present in fruits, acetic acid present in vinegar,oxalic acid present in tomato, tartaric acid present in tamarind,lactic acid present in sour milk and curd.

MINERAL ACIDS : They are also called inorganic acids. Theyare dangerous and corrosive. Special precautions have to betaken while handling them. For example: sulphuric acid(H2SO4),hydrochloric acid (HCl) etc.


23/31

ON THE BASIS OF STRENGTH,ACIDS ARE CLASSIFIED AS :

STRONG ACIDS : Strong acids are those acidswhich completely dissociate into its ions inaqueous solutions. Example: nitric acid (HNO3),

sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl).

WEAK ACIDS : Weak acids are those acids which

do not completely dissociate into its ions inaqueous solutions. For example: carbonic acid(H2CO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH).

ON THE BASIS OF


24/31

ON THE BASIS OFCONCENTRATION, ACIDS ARE

CLASSIFIED AS: DILUTE ACIDS : Have a low concentration of

acids in aqueous solutions.

CONCENTRATED ACIDS : Have a highconcentration of acids in aqueous solutions.


25/31


Acids are often used to remove rust and othercorrosion from metals in a process knownas pickling. They may be used as an electrolyte in

a wet cell battery, such as sulfuric acid in a carbattery.

Strong acids, sulfuric acid in particular, are widely

used in mineral processing. For example,phosphate minerals react with sulfuric acid toproduce phosphoric acid for the production ofphosphate fertilizers


26/31

APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS In the chemical industry, acids react in

neutralization reactions to produce salts. Forexample, nitric acid reacts with ammonia toproduce ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer.

Acids are used as additives to drinks and foods, asthey alter their taste and serve aspreservatives. Phosphoric acid, for example, is a

component of cola drinks. Acetic acid is used inday to day life as vinegar. Carbonic acid is animportant part of some cola drinks and soda. Citricacid is used as a preservative in sauces and

pickles.


27/31


Tartaric acid is an important component of somecommonly used foods like unripened mangoes andtamarind. Natural fruits and vegetables also

contain acids. Citric acid is present in oranges,lemon and other citrus fruits. Oxalic acid is presentin tomatoes, spinach, and especially

in carambola and rhubarb; rhubarb leaves andunripe carambolas are toxic because of highconcentrations of oxalic acid.


28/31


Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an essentialvitamin required in our body and is present insuch foods as amla, lemon, citrus fruits, and

guava.

Certain acids are used asdrugs. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) is used as

a pain killer and for bringing down fevers.


29/31

FACT THAT MATTER

Acids play very important roles in the human body.The hydrochloric acid present in our stomach aidsin digestion by breaking down large and complex

food molecules. Amino acids are required forsynthesis of proteins required for growth and repairof our body tissues. Fatty acids are also required

for growth and repair of body tissues. Nucleic acidsare important for the manufacturing of DNA, RNAand transmission of characters to offspring throughgenes. Carbonic acid is important for maintenance

of pH equilibrium in the body.


30/31

REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID

http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc%2Fconcepts%2

Facid.html http://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsB

asesAndSalts_concept.pdf

http://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-

salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.html http://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-properties

http://www.citycollegiate.com/acidbasesalt2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACIDhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.citycollegiate.com/acidbasesalt2.htmhttp://www.citycollegiate.com/acidbasesalt2.htmhttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID


31/31

PRESENTED BY : SOMYA PARAMGURU OF CLASS 10TH

Documents

Acids Properties and Its Uses